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THE 

PHYSICIAN'S 

DOSE AND SYMPTOM BOOK, 

CONTAINING 

THE DOSES AXD USES 

OF ALL 

THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA MEDICA AND 
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS ; 



Table of Weights and Measures. 
Rules to Proportion the Doses of 

Medicine. 
Common Abbreviations used in 

Writing Prescriptions. 
Table of Poisons and Antidotes. 



Classification of the Materia Me- 

dica. 
Dietetic Preparations. 
Toible of Symptomatology . 
Outlines of General Pathology 

and Therapeutics. 



BY 

JOSEPH H V WYTBES, A. M., M. D., 

AUTHOR OP 
"THE MICR03C0PIST," " CURIOSITIES OF THE MICROSCOPE." ETC., ETC. 



JOHrtft «fiffiS 



PHILADELPHIA : 



AND B frifcjgJSW&a' , 

1864. 









9 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, 
BY LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, 
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Eastern Dis- 
trict of Pennsylvania. 



x£ 



CjOCj 



WM. S. YOUNG, PRINTER. 



PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. 



The favor with which this little manual has 
been received, and the number of copies sold, 
is proof of its utility. It was compiled for the 
assistance of students, and to furnish a varfe 
mecam for the general practitioner which would 
save the trouble of reference to larger and more 
elaborate works. 

During the author's connection with army 
hospitals at Washington and on the Potomac, he 
noticed with pleasure that it was in frequent 
use by the attending surgeons, and he trusts 
that the present improved edition will prove 
even more useful than the past. The Pharma- 
ceutical arrangement of the Materia Medica, 
(Chapter VII.) added to this edition, will com- 
mend itself to all. 



PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. 



The necessity of another edition of this little 
work, has afforded the compiler an opportunity 
of such condensation in the part devoted to 
medicinal substances, that room has been fur- 
nished for a large number of articles previously 
omitted. The list now embraces every officinal 
remedy and preparation ; nearly every useful 
native medicinal plant, and a variety of remedies 
recently introduced to the profession. 

The part devoted to symptoms of disease, and 
the outline of General Pathology and Therapeu- 
tics, will commend themselves to the student on 
examination, and assist him to avoid becoming 
a mere routinist in the treatment of disease. 

The classification of the Materia Medica, the 
table of poisons and antidotes, the rules for pro- 
portioning doses, and the table of weights and 
measures, add to the value of the work, and 
render it a vade mecum, in which the most use- 
ful information is compressed into the smallest 
possible compass. 



DOSE AND SYMPTOM BOOK. 





L 






TABLE 


OF WEIGHTS 


AND MEASURES. 




APOTHECARIES 


WEIGHT. 




Pound. 


Ounces. Drachms 


>. Scruples 


Grains. 


ftl = 


= 12 = 96 

3* 


= 288 

= 24 

= 3 

9 1 


= 5760 

= 480 
= 60 
= 20 



APOTHECAEIES' OR WINE MEASURE. 
Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 

Cong. 1 = 8 = 128 = 1024 = 61440 

1= 16 = 128 = 7680 

fg 1 = 8 = 480 

f Z 1 = t^ 60 
The drop of water is about equal to a minim, 60 
drops being equal to a fluidrachm. It is impor- 
tant, however, to bear in mind, that this is by no 
1* 



6 TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

means the case with other fluids ; for example, a 
minim of the tinctures being about equal to two 
drops, or 120 drops to the fluidrachm. 

DOMESTIC MEASURES. 

A teacup is considered equal to 4 fluidounces. 
A wineglass " a o n 

A tablespoon " *« i lC 

A teaspoon « « \ fluidrachm> 



II. 

RULES TO PROPORTION THE DOSES OF 
MEDICINE. 



In prescribing, the following circumstances should 
always be kept in view: — Age, Sex, Temperament. 
Habit, Climate, the condition of the stomach, and 
Idiosyncrasy. 

Age — For an adult, suppose the dose to be one, or 1 
drachm. Under 1 year, will require only l-12th, or 
5 grains. Under 2 years, will require only l-8th, 
or 7J grains. Under 3 years will require only 
l-6th, or 1 grains. Under 4 years will require only 
l-4th, or 15 grains. Under 7 years will require 
only l-3d, or 1 scruple. Under 14 years will re- 
quire only J, or ^ drachm. Under 20 years will 
require only 2-3ds, or 2 scruples. Above 21 years 
the full dose, 1 drachm. Above 65 the inverse 
gradation of the above. 

Opiates affect children more powerfully than adults, 
but children bear larger doses of calomel than 
adults. 

Sex. — Women require smaller doses than men ; they 
are more rapidly affected by purgatives than men, 
and the condition of the uterine system must never 
be overlooked. 



8 RULES TO PROPORTION DOSES. 

Temperament. — Stimulants and purgatives more 
readily affect the sanguine than the phlegmatic, 
and consequently the former require smaller doses. 

Habits. — The knowledge of habits is essential; for 
persons in the habitual use of stimulants and nar- 
cotics, require larger doses to affect them when 
labouring under disease, while those who have ha- 
bituated themselves to the use of saline purgatives, 
are more easily affected by these remedies. Per- 
sons, however, who have habituated themselves to 
the use of opium, do not require larger doses than 
usual of other narcotics. 

Climate. — Medicines act differently on the same in- 
dividual in summer and in winter, and in different 
climates. Narcotics act more powerfully in hot 
than in cold climates, hence smaller doses are re- 
quired in the former ; but the reverse is the case 
with regard to calomel. 

Condition of the stomach, and Idiosyncrasy. — 
The least active remedies operate very violently on 
some individuals, owing to a peculiarity of sto- 
mach, or rather disposition of body, unconnected 
with temperament. This state can be discovered 
only by accident or time ; but when it is known, it 
should always be attended to. 

In prescribing, the practitioner should always so 
regulate the intervals between the doses, that the 
next dose may be taken before the effect produced 
by the first is altogether effaced ; for, by not at- 
tending to this circumstance, the cure is always 
commencing, but never proceeding. It should, 
however, also be kept in mind, that some medicines, 
such as the mercurial salts, arsenic, &c, are apt 
to accumulate in the system; and danger may 
thence arise, if the doses too rapidly succeed one 
another. The action also of some remedies, elate- 
rium and digitalis, for example, continues long 



RULES TO PROPORTION DOSES. 9 

after the remedy is left off; and therefore much 
caution is requisite in avoiding too powerful an ef- 
fect, by a repetition of them even in diminished 
doses. Aloes and castor oil acquire activity by 
continued use, so that the dose requires to be di- 
minished. 

The following simple rule, given by Dr. Young, will 
be found very useful as a guide in prescribing for 
children. 

For children under 12 years of age, the doses of most 
medicines must be diminished in the proportion of 
the age to the age increased by 12 : thus at 2 years 



-=l : or, in other words, add the a^e to 



2 — 12 
12, and divide the sum by the age, and the produc t 
will be the proportion of the dose to that o-' an adult. 
At 21, the full dose may be given. 



10 



III. 



COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING 
PRESCRIPTIONS. 



Abbreviation. 

aa 


Latin. 
Ana. 


English. 
Of each. 


Ad lib. 


Ad libitum. 


At pleasure. 


Ad saturand 


. Ad saturandum. 


Until saturated. 


Aq. ferv. 


Aqua fervens. 


Hot water. 


Aq. tepid 
Chart. 


Aqua tepida. 
Chartula. 


Warm water. 
A small paper. 


Coch. mag. 
Coch. parv. 
Colent. 


Cochlear magnum 
Cochlear parvum. 
Colentur. 


A tablespoonful. 
A teaspoonful. 
Let them be strained 


Collyr. 
Contus. 


Collyrium. 
Contusus. 


An eyewater. 
Bruised. 


F. vel ft. 


Fiat vel fiant. 


Let them be made. 


Fol. 


Folium vel folia. 


A leaf or leaves. 


Garg. 

Gtt. 

Haust. 


Gargarisma. 
Gutta vel guttse. 
Haustus. 


A gargle. 

A drop or drops. 

A draught. 


Infu s. 


Jnfusis. 


An infusion. 


M. 


Misce. 


Mix. 


Mass. 


Massa. 


A mass. 


Mist. 


Mistura. 


A mixture. 


Pil. 
Pulv. 


Pilula vel pilulse. 
Pulvis vel pulveres 


A pill or pills. 
3. A powder or pow- 
ders. 


Q. s. 


Quantum sufficit. 


A sufficient quan- 


R. 

Rad. 


Recipe. 
Radix. 


tity. 
Take. 
A root. 


S. 


Signa. 


Write. 


Ss. 


Semis. 


The half. 


Tinct. 


Tinctura. 


A Tincture. 



11 



TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



In all cases of poisoning, the first step is to evacu- 
ate the stomach, which should be effected by one of 
those emetics which is most powerful and speedy in 
its operation, as sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of cop- 
per. When vomiting has already taken place, copious 
draughts of warm water or mucilaginous drinks should 
be given, to keep up the effect till the poisoning sub- 
stance has been evacuated. If vomiting cannot be 
produced, the stomach-pump must be used. 

Inflammation of the stomach, congestion of the 
brain, and other symptoms, are to be treated on ge- 
neral principles, viz. : by blood-letting, cold applica- 
tions, revulsives, coolmucilaginous drinks, milk, lime- 
water, &c. When prostration exists, stimulants should 
be resorted to, as in other cases. 

The following is a list of the usual poisoning sub- 
stances, with the appropriate remedies: — 

POISONS. ANTIDOTES. 

Acids. The Alkalies. Common soap (soft 

or hard) in solution is an efficient 
remedy, and has the advantage 
of beiDg always at hand. It 
should be followed by copious 
draughts of tepid water or flax- 
seed tea. For nitric and oxalic 



12 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 

acids, the carbonates of magne- 
sia and lime, (chalk and water,) 
are the best antidotes. When 
sulphuric acid has been taken, 
the use of much water will be 
improper. 

Alkalies and their The Vegetable Acids. Common 
salts. vinegar being always at hand, is 

most frequently used. The fixed 
oils, as castor, flax-seed, almond 
and olive oils, form soaps with 
the alkalies, and thus, also, de- 
stroy their caustic effect. They 
should be given in large quanti- 
ties. 

Earths. Epsom or Glauber's Salts, in solu- 

Baryta and its tion, or diluted sulphuric acid. 

salts. The fixed oils also have the same 

Lime. effect as with the alkalies proper 

when not in a compound state. 

Iodine. Starch, or wheat flour, in large 

Iodide of Potas- quantites, well mixed with wa- 
sium. ter. For Iodide of potassium, 

there being no antidote, vomit- 
ing must be promoted by copious 
draughts of warm water. 

Antimony and its Astringent Infusions, as of galls, 

salts. oak bark, Peruvian bark,or green 

tea, very strong. 

Arsenic and its Hydrated Peroxide of Iron, in ta- 

compound. blespoonful doses every 5 or 10 

minutes. See FerriOxydum Hy- 

dratum. 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



13 



Bismuth and its 
compounds. 

Copper and its 
compounds. 



Gold, salts of. 
Iron, salts of. 
Lead, salts of. 
Mercury, salts of. 

Silver, salts of. 
Tin, salts of. 
Zinc, salts of. 

Phosphorus. 
Gases. 



Albumen. Copious draughts of 
milk, combined with sweet mu- 
cilaginous drinks. 

Albumen, as milk or whites of eg?s 
in solution, should be freely ad- 
ministered. Vinegar must be 
avoided.. 

Sulphate of Iron, with a free use of 
mucilaginous drinks. 

Carbonate of Soda, with mucilagi- 
nous drinks. 

Sulphateof magnesia (Epsom salts; 
or diluted sulphuric acid. 

Albumen, as white of eggs, milk, or 
wheat flour beaten up with wa- 
ter. 
Common salt ( chloride of sodium,) 
largely given. 

Albumen. Whites of eggs, milk or 
flour. 

Albumen, or carbonate of soda^ 
with copious draughts of warm 
water, and especially milk. 

Magnesia with water, and copious 
draughts of mucilaginous drinks. 

Ammonia cautious^ inhaled is re- 
commended for chlorine. As- 
phyxia produced by carbonic 
acid or carbonic oxide gases or 
sulphuretted hydrogen, must be 
treated by copious affusions of 
cold water, especially to the head,. 



14 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 

blood-letting, artificial respira- 
tion, stimulants carefully admi- 
nistered, &c. 

Creosote. Albumen, or whites of eggs, milk, 

or wheat flour. 

Alcohol or spiri- A powerful emetic should be given, 

tuous liquors. followed by copious draughts of 

warm % water. Congestion of the 

brain and other symptoms, to be 

treated on general principles. 

Opium and other The chief reliance is to be placed 
narcotics. on the most active emetics, (as 

tartar emetic, sulphate of copper, 
of sulphate of zinc,) and the 
stomach pump. Emetics are 
preferable to the stomach pump 
when the narcotic has been taken 
in substance. The patient should 
be kept in motion, and cold wa- 
ter dashed on the head and 
shoulders. Blood-letting may 
become necessary to relieve con- 
gestion. After other remedies 
fail, artificial respiration should 
be resorted to. 



15 



V. 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE MATERIA MEDICA. 

A convenient arrangement of medicinal agents is a 
necessity felt by every student and practitioner. The 
most philosophical arraDgement known to the com- 
piler of this work, is that of Headland, in his Prize 
Essay, of which the following is a brief synopsis. 

I. Counter-irritants, — Frictions. Sinapisms. — 
Blisters. Issues. 
IT. Medicines actinglocally on the mucous surface. 

A. Irritant Emetics, — Sulphates of Zinc and 

Copper, Common Salt, Mustard, Horse- 
radish. 

B. Stomach Anesthetics-Hydrocyanic Acid. 

Creosote. Nitrate of Bismuth. 

C. Irritant Cathartics, — Cathartic Vermifu- 

ges, and Resinous Cathartics in part. 
III. Haematics, — Medicines acting in and upon the 
blood. 
A. Restoratives, — Restoring deficient mate- 
rials. 

1. Aliments. 

2. Acids, — Mineral. Sulphuric. Hydro- 

chloric. Nitric. Phosphoric. Vegetable. 
Acetic. Citric. Tartaric. Malic. — 
Super-Salts of the Alkalies. 

3. Alkalies, — Potash. Soda. Ammonia. 

Lime. Magnesia. — Their Carbonates 
and neutral Acetates, Citrates, and 
Tartrates. 



16 THE MATERIA MEDICA. 

4. Tonics, — Bitter principles of Vegeta- 
bles. 

5. Chalybeates, — Iron and its salts. 

6. Solvents (urinary solvents.) 

a. Antilithics, — Mineral Alkalies, 

their Carbonates and neutral 
salts with Vegetable Acids. — Bi- 
borate and Phosphate of Soda. 
Benzoic and Cinnamic acids. 

b. Antiphosphatics, — Mineral and Ve- 

getable Acids. Sour fruits. 
B. Catalytics, — Destroying or counteracting 
morbid agencies in the blood. 

1. Antiphlogistics, — Antimonials. Mercu- 

rials. Alkalies. Salines. 

2. Antisyphilitics, — Mercurials. Gold. 

Iodide of Potassium. Sarsaparilla. (?) 

3. Antiscrofulitics, — Iodine. Bromine. 

Chlorine. Iodides and Bromides. 
Potash. 

4. Antiarthritics, — Colchicum. Nitro-hy- 

drochloric Acid. Lemon juice. 

5. Antiscorbutics, — Citric Acid. Lemon 

juice. Freshvegetables. Salts of 
Potash. (?) 

6. Antiperiodics, — Arsenious Acid. Arse- 

nite of Potash. Alum. Chloride of 
Sodium. 

7. Anticonvulsives, — Preparations of Ar- 

senic, Silver, Zinc, Lead, and Copper. 

8. Antisquamics, — Preparations of Arse- 

nic. Sulphur. Pitch. 
IV. Neurotics, — Medicines influencing the nerve- 
centres. 
A. Stimulants. 
1. General Stimulants. 



THE MATERIA MEDIC A. 17 

Mineral substances, — Ammonia and its 
Carbonates. Phosphorus. 

Animal substance, — Musk and Castor. 

Vegetables containing volatile oils, — 
The aromatic Labiatse, Composite 
and Umbelliferae. Cloves and Nut- 
meg. Cinnamon, Cassia, Sassafras. 
Rue, Barosma. The Aurantiacea^. 
Canella. Valerian. Mustard. Ca- 
jeput and Pimenta. Hops. Juniper. 
Turpentine. Cardamom. Onion. 

Vegetables containing acrid jjrinciples, 
— Senega. Horse-radish. Serpen- 
taria. Cascarilla. Pepper. Con- 
trajerva. Ginger. Capsicum. Me- 
zereon. 

Resinous substances, — Guaiacum. Ma- 
stich, Olibanum, Myrrh, Elemi. 
Copaiba. Peru, Tolu. Assafoetida, 
Ammoniacum, Galbanum. Benzoin, 
Storax. Pine resin. 
2. Special Stimulants, — Strychnia, Bru- 
cia, Toxicodendron, Ergot of Rye, 
Borax, Rue. 

B. Narcotics. 

1. Inebriants, — Alcohol. Wine. Ethers. 

Chloroform. Camphor. Indian Hemp,. 
Tobacco. Lobelia. 

2. Soporifics, — Opium. Lactuca. Hops,. 

Nutmegs. 

3. Deliriants, — Hyoscyamus. Belladonna, 

Stramonium. 

C. Sedatives. 

1. General Sedatives, — Hydrocyanic Acid. 
Creosote. Aconite. Conium. Colchi- 
cum. Tea and Coffee. 
2* 



18 THE MATERIA MEDIC A. 

2. Special Sedatives, — Antimonials. Ipe- 
cacuanha. Digitalis. 
V. Astringents, — Contracting Muscular fibre. 

1. Mineral Astringents, — Sulphuric, Ni- 

tric and hydrochloric acids. Acetate 
and Diacetate of Lead. Sulphate and 
Sesquichloride of Iron. Alum. Sul- 
phates of Zinc and Copper. Bichlo- 
ride of Mercury. Nitrate of Silver. 

2. Vegetable Astringents, — Tannic Acid. 

Gallic Acid. Kino. Catechu. Log- 
wood. Oak-galls. Ehatany. Bistort. 
Pomegranate rind. Rose leaves. Uva 
Ursi. Tormentil. Creosote. 
VI. Eliminatives, — Which pass through the glands, 
and excite their functions. 

1. Sialagogues, Mercury, &c. 

2. Expectorants, — Antimony. Ipecacu- 

anha, &c. 

3. Cathartics. 

a. Mercurials ; which increase all se- 

cretions. 

b. Some resins, oils, &c. ; which tend 

especially to the bowels. — Jalap. 
Colocynth. Castor oil. Rhubarb, 
Aloes. Elaterium, &c. 

c. Salines; when in such amount that 

they cannot pass off by the kid- 
neys. 

4. Cholagogues. — Mercury, Rhubarb, 

Aloes, Taraxacum. (?) 

5. Diaphoretics. 

a. Salines and Diluents. 

b. Volatile substances, as Ammonia, 

Volatile oils, and Alcohol. 

c. Certain acrid matters, as Gruaiacum. 



THE MATERIA MEDICA. 19 

d. Certain narcotics, as Opium and 

Camphor. 

e. Antimony, Mercury, and Sulphur. 
6. Diuretics. 

a. Water ; and soluble mineral sub- 

stances, as acids, alkalies and 
salines. 

b. Acrid matters of various kinds, — 

Cantharides. Turpentine, &c. 

c. Acoholic and ethereal liquids. 

d. The minerals which increase all 

the secretions. 



20 



VI. 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEDICINES, WITH 
THEfR USES AND DOSES, ETC. 

ABSINTHIUM. Wormwood, (Artemisia absinthium.) 

Tonic, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, discutient, anti- 
septic. 

Use. In intermittents, dyspepsia, gout, hypochondri- 
asis, dropsy, and epilepsy not depending on organic 
changes. Clysters of the decoction are useful in 
ascarides. 

Dose. In substance, J)j *° BU- Infusion (^vj to 
water Oj.) f^vj to gxij, three or four times a day. 

Incompatible. Sulphates of iron and of zinc ; acetate 
and diacetate of lead, nitrate of silver. 

ACACIA. Gum Arabic. (A» vera.) 

Demulcent, nutritious. 

Use. In catarrh, pertussis, ardor urinse, &c. Muci- 
lage of Gum Arabic is often employed as a vehicle 
for other substances. To render them miscible, oils 
require three-fourths of their own weight, balsams 
and spermaceti equal parts, resin two parts, and 
musk five times its weight. 

Dose. In substance, gss to ^ij. In decoctions, ad 
libitum. 

Incomp. Goulard's extract, alcohol, sulphuric ether, 
tincture of muriate of iron. 

ACETUM. Vinegar. 

Refrigerant, diaphoretic, antiseptic, astringent; ex- 
ternally, stimulant, and discutient. 



ACE 21 

Use. In febrile complaints and scorbutus ; it has 
been supposed to counteract the effects of opium and 
other narcotics, after the stomach has been com- 
pletely cleared ; but this is a mistake, and it should 
never be employed in such cases; steam of it in- 
haled in putrid sore throats and in scurvy; as a lo- 
tion in bruises, sprains, burns, and chronic ophthal- 
mia. Antilithic, where the triple phosphates abound 
in the urine ; diluted with water, it forms the best 
means of cleansing the eye of small particles 
of lime. 

Dose, f^j to ^iv. In clysters, f|j to gij. Lotion. 
R. Aceti fgj, Spiritus Ten. f^iv, Aquoe f^viij. 

ACETUM COLCHICI. Vinegar of Meadow Saffron. 
(Colchici cormi recent, concisi §j. Aceti dist. 
fgxvj. Spir. ten. fgj. 

Use. In ascites, hydrothorax, and gout. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, alkaline and earthy carbo- 
nates, sulphuric acid. 

Dose. fgss. to fry, in any bland fluid. 

ACETUM DESTILLATUM. Distilled Vinegar. (Dis- 
til one gallon of vinegar on a sand bath, in a glass 
retort and receiver. Reserve the first seven pints 
for use.) 

Refrigerant, slightly astringent. 

Use. The same as that of vinegar ; chiefly for phar- 
maceutical purposes. It is used in the form of va- 
pour for purposes of fumigation, but it has no effi- 
cacy in destroying contagious or infectious matter. 
It is also a good addition in refrigerating lotions 
containing acetate of lead. 

Dose, fgj to f^iv. 

ACETUM OPIL Vinegar of Opium. R. Opium in 
coarse powder gviij, Nutmeg ^J ss > Saffron gss, 
Sugar Jxij, Di^t. Vinegar q. s. Digest the opium, 
nutmeg, and saffron, on a sand bath, with Ojss Dist. 



22 ACI 

Vinegar, for 48 hours, and strain. Digest the resi- 
due with an equal quantity of dist. vinegar in same 
way, 24 hours. Put the whole into an apparatus 
for displacement and return the filtered liquor, as 
it passes, until it comes away quite clear. When 
the filtration has ceased, pour distilled vinegar gra- 
dually upon the remaining materials till the whole 
quantity of filtered liquor equals Oiij. Then add 
the sugar, and by means of a water-bath evaporate 
to Oiij and fgiv. 

Narcotic. 

Use. A substitute for tincture of opium; it is less 
likely to affect the brain than the tincture. 

Dose, m? vii to ir% 10. 

ACETUM SCILLiE. Vinegar of Squill. (Scillse re- 
centis exsiccate Jxv, Aceti distil. Ovj. Spiritus ten. 
Oss.) The squill should be macerated 7 days; or it 
may be prepared by macerating giv bruised squill 
in a pint of distilled vinegar 2 days, then putting 
the mixture into an apparatus for displacement gra- 
dually pouring in distilled vinegar till the quantity 
of distilled liquor equals Oij ; lastly, adding the al- 
cohol. Diluted acetic acid may be substituted for 
the vinegar. 

Diuretic, expectorant, emetic, in large doses purga- 
tive. 

Use. In dropsies, asthma, and chronic catarrh. 

Dose, f^ss to f^ij, in cinnamon water or mint water. 

ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM. Milfoil. Yarrow. 

Mild aromatic, astringent. 

Dose. Used in infusion, or 20 drops of volatile oil. 

ACIDUM ACETTCUM. Acetic Acid. 

Stimulant, rubefacient, escharotic. 

Use. Applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia, 
and headache; destroys corns and warts. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, alkaline and earthy carbo- 
nates. 



ACI 23 

ACIDUM ACETICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Acetic 

Acid. (1 part to 7 parts of water.) 

f^j is saturated by 36 grains of crystallized Bicarb. 

of Potassa. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM AROMATICUM. Aromatic 

Vinegar. (Rosmarini sic. folior. Origani. sing, gj 

Lavandulae sic. ^iv. Caryophyllorum cont. £ss. 

Acidi Acetici Ojss. Macerate seven days, and filter 

the expressed liquor through paper.) 
Odor pungent and aromatic. 
Use. As a grateful perfume in sick rooms. 
ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM. Arsenious Acid. (See p. 

12 

Use. To prepare the arsenical solution. 

ACIDUM BENZOICUM. Benzoic Acid.. 

Stimulant; as an expectorant, doubtful; errhine. 

Use. In chronic catarrh, but of very little efficacy. 

Dose. Grs. x. to gss. 

ACIDUM CITRICUM. Citric Acid. 

Refrigerant, antiseptic. 

Use. In febrile and inflammatory complaints, and 
scorbutus; and dissolved in water, instead of recent 
lemon juice, for the effervescing draught. (Pro- 
portion ^ixss to water Oj.) 

Dose. Grs. x. to gss, dissolved in water or any bland 
fluid. 

Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetate of lead, 
nitrate and acetate of mercury, alkalies, alkaline 
sulphurets. 

ACIDUM GALLICUM. Gallic Acid. 

Astringent. 

Use. In uterine hemorrhages. 

Dose. 5 to 15 grs. 

ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM, (Acidum Muriati- 
cum, U. S.) 

Tonic, antiseptic, diuretic. 



24 AC I 

Use. In typhus; cutaneous eruptions; in gargles in 
inflammatory and putrid sore throat; in injections 
in gonorrhoea. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, and their carbonates; me- 
tallic oxides, sulphuret of potassium, tartrate of 
potassa, tartar emetic, and most metallic salts. 

ACIDUM HYDROCHLOR1CUM D1LUTUM. Diluted 
Hydrochloric Acid. (Acidi Hydrochlorici f^iv, 
Aquse destillatue f^xij.) f^j should saturate grs. 32 
of crystallized carbonate of soda. 

Dose, tt^x to i^xx, properly diluted; in gargles, 
f^ss to f^ij in fgvi of fluid; injection, ^viij, to 
water f^iv. 

ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM D1LUTUM. Diluted 
Hydrocyanic Acid. Cyano Hydric Acid, Prussic 
Acid. (Potassii Ferrocyanidi gij, Acidi Sulph. 
3Jss, Aq. Dist. Oiss.) 

t Prussic Acid may be prepared for immediate use in 
the following manner. Take of Cyanuret of Silver 
grs. iss., Muriatic acid, grs. 41. Distilled Water gj. 
Mix the muriatic acid with the distilled water, add 
the cyanuret of silver, and shake the whole in a 
well-stopped vial. When the insoluble matter has 
subsided, pour off the clear liquor and keep it for 
use.) 

Sedative, antispasmodic. 

Use. In spasmodic coughs, asthma, hooping-cough, 
nervous affections, hiccough, palpitation of the 
heart, and in allaying the irritability of the sto- 
mach in dyspepsia. Prussic acid may be employed 
with great benefit in cases of chronic neuralgic 
affections of the stomach. It should be given in 
increased doses, till some physiological effects are 
produced; then continued in rather a diminished 
quantity. As a local application, properly diluted , 
it is useful in abating the itching in Impetigo and 
pruriginous affections. 



AC I 25 

Dose, v% ij gradually increased to v% v. in a glassful 
of water, almond emulsion, or infusion of cinchona. 
"When an over-dose has been taken, the effects are 
best counteracted by ammonia, chlorine, brandy, 
and the cold affusion. 

lncomp. Metallic oxides, chlorine. 

AdDUM NITRICUM. Nitric Acid. 

Tonic, antisepic, antisyphilitic, escharotic. 

Use. The strong acid is seldom used for any other 
than pharmaceutical purposes ; in the form of va- 
pour is extracted from nitre giv. and sulphuric 
acid ^iv. in a saucer, placed on a pipkin of hot sand, 
for the purpose of fumigation. 

lncomp. Spirit of lavender and the strong tinctures, 
in any large quantity ; and the essential oils ; me- 
tallic oxides. 

ACIDUM NITRICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Nitric 
Acid. 

Use, As a drink, diluted largely, in fevers of the ty- 
phoid kind; in chronic affections of the liver, attend- 
ed with a redundant and hasty formation of bile, 
and in dyspepsia. As a remedy in venereal com- 
plaints : yet in this climate it is not to be depended 
on, but it is a very useful adjunct to mercury, and 
allays the violent irritation induced by it. It is also 
very useful in the cure of old ulcerated legs. 

Dose, trjj x to v% xx in fgiij of water, twice or thrice 
a day. 

ACIDUM NTITROMURIATICUM. Nitro-muriatic 
Acid. (AcidiNitrici, mensura, partem iij : AcidiMu- 
riatici, mensura, partes v. Mix them in a vessel 
kept cool, and preserve the. mixture in a well- 
stopped bottle, in a cool, obscure place.) 

Stimulant, antiseptic. 

Use. Largely diluted, it has been strongly recom- 
mended in malignant scarlatina, in chronic affee- 
3 



26 AC I 

tions of the liver, and in syphilis; and still more di- 
luted as a bath, in chronic derangement of the he- 
patic secretion, which it improves, and acts gently 
on the bowels. 

Dose. Tt£ vi to trg x, in f^iij of water, twice or 
thrice a day. When used as a bath, the mixed acid 
should be added to the water until it tastes as sour 
as weak vinegar, 

Incomp. Oxides, earths, alkalies, the sulphurets, and 
the acetates of pot-issa and of lead 

ACIDUM NITROSUM. Nitrous acid. (Eaton's Che- 
mistry directs a table-spoonful of Copper filings, 
and about two spoonfuls of nitric acid to be distilled 
in a retort with gentle heat. The gas, to be col- 
lected over water, is nitric oxide. This mixed with 
atmospheric air or oxygen, becomes nitrous acid, 
which has a strong affinity for water. 

Use. It is introduced here as it forms an ingredient 
of Hope's Camphor mixture, and its preparation is 
seldom referred to in medical books. 

ACIDUM SULPHUR1CUM. Sulphuric Acid. 

Escharotic, stimulant, rubefacient, tonic, astringent, 
refrigerant. 

Use. In local pains, in the form of an ointment made 
of lard fjjj, sulphuric acid gj ; and in scabies with 
^ss of the acid to the lard ^j. 

ACIDUM SULPHURICUM AROMATICUM. Aroma- 
tic Sulphuric Acid. Elixir of Vitriol. (Spiritus 
rect. Ojss. Acidi Sulphurici (commercial) g iijss. 
Cinnamoni cort. cont. §jss. Zingiberis rad. cont. 
t ^j . Add the acid gradually to the spirit, and digest 
the mixture with a very gentle heat in a closed ves- 
sel for three days; moisten the mixed powder with 
a little of the acid ; let the mass rest for 12 hours, 
then put it into a percolator, and transmit the rest 
of the pure spirit.) 



AC I 27 

Use. In dyspepsia; the debility following intermit- 
tents, and other fevers, combined with vegetable 
bitters; and in chronic asthma. 

Dose. Trg x to N£ xxx in fluids, twice or thrice a da v. 

ACIDUM SULPHURICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Sul- 
phuric Acid. [Acidi Sulphurici fgiss. Aquae des- 
tillatae fgxivss. Mix gradually.) 

Tonic, astringent, refrigeranc. 

Use. In dyspepsia, diabetes, menorrhagia, haemopty- 
sis, cutaneous eruptions, hectic ; in gargles, in cy- 
nanche, and to check salivation. Sulphuric acid is 
an excellent tonic, and also possesses refrigerant 
and astringent properties, rendering it a valuable 
remedy in cases where we wish to avoid diarrhoea. 
In cases of low and hectic fever, attended with copi- 
ous perspiration, it is very beneficial, as well as in 
hematemesis. It is also useful conjoined with saline 
aperients, when the urine has a tendency to phos- 
phatic depositions, attended with loss of appetite, 
impaired digestion, foul tongue, &c. It is usually 
given with some bitter infusion, as cascarilla, co- 
lumbo. cinchona, quassia, &c. 

Dose, trg x to Tr£ xx largely diluted ; in gargles f~j 
to f^iiij in ^viij of fluid. 

ACIDUM TANN1CCM. Tannic Acid. (Tannin.) 

Use. Tannic acid may be advantageously employed 
in all the passive hemorrhages, especially menor- 
rhagia ; also in diarrhoea, where we wish simply an 
astringent effect. It possesses a great advantage 
over most other astringents, from the smallness of 
dose in which it may be given, and from its being 
less liable to irritate the stomach and bowels. 

Dose. From 2 to 4 grs. every three hours. 

ACIDUM TARTARICUM. Tartaric Acid. 

Refrigerant, antiseptic. 

Use. In inflammatory affections, fevers, and scorbutus. 

Dose. Gr. x to gss dissolved in water. 



28 A L C 

Incomp. Alkalies and their carbonates, all the salts 
of potassa. 

ACONITI FOLIA ET RADIX. Aconite. (Aconitum 
Napellus. ) 

Narcotic, sudorific, deobstruent, antiphlogistic. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, scrofula, scirrhus, palsy, 
amaurosis, and venereal nodes. Aconite is a very 
powerful topical remedy, in the form of tincture, in 
cases of rheumatism and neuralgia. 

Dose, Gr. j, gradually increased to gr. v. twice or 
thrice a day ; of the extract, from gr. ss to gr. j., of 
the tincture from 10 to 40 drops, gradually in- 
creased. 

ACONITUM. Aconitina. 

Use. Externally counter-irritant ; too poisonous to be 
used internally. 

.ETHER SULPHURICUS. Sulphuric Ether. 

Diffusibly stimulant, narcotic, antispasmodic; exter- 
nally refrigerent. 

Pure washed Sulphuric Ether preferable to chloroform 
for Anaesthetic purposes. It may be inhaled from 
a sponge. 

Use. Hysteria, asthma, tetanus, epilepsy, and other 
spasmodic complaints ; externally in headache, and 
dropped into the meatus in earache; it has also been 
used in burns. 

Dose. 11^ xx to f^j in f^xij water or other fluid. 

AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA. Common Agrimony. 
Astringent, in passive hemorrhages, &c. 

Dose. 5j or more in powder or infusion. 

ALCOHOL DLLUTUM. Dilute Alcohol. Spiritus 
tenuior. 

Alcohol and water, equal parts. 

ALCOHOL. Alcohol. 

Stimulant (powerful and diffusible,) sedative. 

Use. Scarcely ever used internally in its pure state, 
but sometimes advantageously in a highly diluted 



A L N 29 

form; in cases of debility and low fevers; exter- 
nally as a fomentation in muscular pains ; to burns; 
and to restrain hemorrhages. The use of alcohol 
as a medicine has been much diminished within the 
last ten years. It is found unsuited to a great ma- 
jority of cases of disease, and when employed, too 
often inducing an artificial appetite not easily over- 
come. From its strong attraction for water, it 
causes thickening or scirrhus of the stomach, and 
an indurated state of the liver ; and from its power- 
ful effects upon the nervous system, it induces epi- 
lepsy, tremors, coma, mania, and death. For these 
reasons, and that we have useful substitutes, it 
should seldom be prescribed. 

ALLIUM. Garlic Bulbs. A. (sativum.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue, dia- 
phoretic, and anthelmintic ; extremely rubefacient, 
maturient and repellant. 

Use. In cold leucophlegmatic habits, dropsy, rheuma- 
talgia, humoral asthma, and hysteria. Intermit- 
tent 9 have been cured by it. The juice dropped into 
the ear, in atonic deafness, is a very effectual re- 
medy ; and it is also beneficial in herpetic eruptions, 
formed with oil into an ointment. A poultice of it 
over the pubis has been found useful in atony of 
the bladder. 

Dose. One to six cloves, swallowed without chewing, 
twice or thrice a day. .Of the juice f^ss to f^ij 
mixed with sugar or syrup. In pills with soap or 
calomel, gr. xx. to ^ij. 

ALETKIS: Star-grass. (A. farinosa.) 

An intense bitter, tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In rheumatism and dropsy. 

Dose. Of powder 10 grs., fluid extract 10 to 80 
drops. 

ALNUS RUBRA. Tag alder. 



30 ALU 

Alterative, emetic, astringent. 

Use. In scrofula, secondary syphilis, &c. 

Dose. Of fluid extract fgj to gij. 

ALOE. Peculiar bitter principle (Aloesin.) 

Cathartic, warm and stimulating, emmenagogue, an- 
thelmintic, stomachic; hurtful in hemorrhoids. 
Aloes acts chiefly on the large intestines, and pro- 
duces catharsis by increasing the peristaltic mus- 
cular action, and not by increasing the secretions. 

Dose. To act as a catharic, gr. ij to gr. x; as an 
emmenagogue, gr. j to gr. ij twice or thrice a day. 

ALTFLE.E FOLIA ET RADIX. Marsh Mallow Leaves 
and root. (A. officinalis.) 

Emollient, lubricating, demulcent. 

Use. In pulmonary and intestinal affections ; ardor 
urinaa; calculus ; externally in fomentations, cluster 
and gargles, 

ALU MEN. Alum. 

Astringent; and in large doses laxative, emetic. 

Use. In hemorrhages, leucorrhoea, croup, hooping- 
cough, &c ; externally in relaxation of the uvula, 
ophthalmia, gleet, and fluor albus. 

Dose. Grs. x to £)j in powder or in whey, made with 
^ij of the powder, of Oj of hot milk, a tea-cupful 
occasionally; in gargles gss in f^iv of fluid ; in col- 
lyria and injections gr. xij in f^vj of rose water. 
A saturated solution is a useful styptic. Alum Curd 
is a good cooling external application in ophthalmia 
and other diseases ; made by beating up the white 
of an egg with a piece of alum till it forms a coagu- 
lum. 

Incomp. Potassa and potassee carbonas, sodas carbo- 
nas, ammonia, lime, magnesia, acetate of lead, in- 
fusion of galls. 

ALUMEN EXSICCATUM. Dried Alum. (Melt the 
alum in an earthen vessel over the fire, until the 
ebullitions cease.) 



A MM 81 

Escharotic. 

Use. To destroy fungus in ulcers; internally in 
colic. 

Dose. Gr. iv. to xij. 

AMMONTACUM. Gum Ammoniac. (Dorema am- 
monia cum.) 

Expectorant, deobstruent, antispasmodic, discutient, 
resolvent. 

Use. In asthma and chronic catarrh: visceral ob- 
structions, and obstinate colic from viscid matters 
lodged in the intestines; externally in scirrhous 
tumors and white swelling of the joints. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss in pills, with squill, myrrh, &c, 
or in emulsion, See Mist. Ammoniaci. 

AMMONLE CARBONAS. Sesquicarbonate of Am- 
monia. 

Stimulant, antacid, diaphoretic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In hysteria, dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism ; ap- 
plied to the nostrils in syncope. 

Dose. Gr. v. to Qj in pills of any bland fluid. Gr. 
xxx are an emetic. 

Incomp. Acids, potassa fusa, liquor potassas, mag- 
nesia, carbonates, alum, chloride of calcium, bitar- 
tras and bisulphas potassos, salts of iron with the 
exception of the potassio-tartrate ; bichloride of 
mercury, salts of lead, sulphate of zinc. 

AMMONLE HYDROCHLORAL. (Murias Ammo- 
nias, U. S.) Hydrochlorate of Ammonia. Sal Am- 
moniac. 

Aperient, diuretic ; externally to produce cold during 
its solution; stimulant. 

Use. Seldom used internally ; externally while dis- 
solving, to abate the heat and pain of inflammation ; 
to allay headache ; in lotion, composed of the salt 
§j. alcohol f'5J, water fjfix, to indolent tumours, 
gangrene, scabies, and chilblains. 

Dose. Gr. v to £ss. 



82 A N G 

Incomp. Sulphuric and nitric acids, acetate of lead, 
potassa, carbonates of soda and potassa, lime. 

AMMONIiE PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Ammonia. 

Use. In gout and rhematism. 

Dose. grs. x to xl, 3 or 4 times a-day, in a tablespoon- 
ful of water. 

AMYGDALA AMARiE ET DULCES. Bitter and 
Sweet Almonds. [A. communis.) 

Demulcent ; the bitter is sedative. 

Use. Jn inflammatory complaints; and as a vehicle 
for more active remedies. 

AMYLUM. Starch. 

Demulcent, nutritious. 

Use. In dysentery, tenesmus, and ulceration of the 
rectum, in the form of a clyster; it is the common 
vehicle for exhibiting opium per anum. The de- 
coction of Starch is made by boiling, for a short 
time, giv Starch, in Oj Water, previously mixing 
them gradually while the water is cold. 

ANETHUM. Dill Seed. (.4. graveolens.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, and hiccough, particularly 
in infants. 

Dose. Gr. x to 5£[. 

ANGELICA. Angelica. (A. atropurpurea.) 

Tonic, carminative, sudorific. 

Use. In dyspepsia, and nausea, but rarely used. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj. 

ANGUSTURA. Cusparia. (Galipea officinalis.) 

Tonic, stimulant, aromatic. 

Use. In dyspepsia, removing flatulence and acidity; 
chronic diarrhoea, dysentery. 

Incomp. Sulphate of iron and of copper, nitrate of 
silver, tartarized antimony, acetate and diacetate 
of lead, bichloride of mercury, pure potassa, and 
infusions of galls and yellow cinchona bark, &e. 



A N T 33 

Dose. Gr. v to gr. xx in powder. 

ANISUM. Aniseed. (Pimpinella anisum.) 

Carminative. 

Use. In dyspepsia, and the tormina of infants. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^j bruised. 

ANTHEMIS. Chamomile Flowers. (A- nobilis.) 

Tonic, stomachic ; the warm infusion is emetic ; ex- 
ternally discutient, emollient, antiperiodic. 

Use. In intermittents, dyspepsia, hysteria, flatulent 
colic, gout ; to promote the operation of emetics, 
externally as fomentations in gripings, and to ripen 
suppurating tumours. 

Dose. In powder ^ss to ^ij. twice or thrice a day. 

ANTIMON1I ET POTASS.E TARTRAS. Potassio- 
Tartrate of Antimony, or emetic Tartar. 

Emetic, sometimes cathartic, diaphoretic, expecto- 
rant, alterative, rubefacient. A sedative to the 
circulation, while it increases most of its secre- 
tions. 

Use. In the beginning of fever, to clear the sto- 
mach and bowels ; but it is an improper emetic in 
advanced stages of typhus ; in large doses in pneu- 
matic inflammations ; and in small as an alterative 
in cutaneous diseases, acute rheumatism, chorea ; 
externally in white swellings, hooping-cough, 
phthisis, and all deep-seated inflammations. 

Dose. As a means of subduing infiamm -*tion gr. ss. 
to gr. ij ; as an emetic, gr. j to gr. iv, in solution ; 
diaphoretic and expectorant, gr. 1-1 2th to l-8th. 
It is made into an ointment for external use, by 
rubbing up sjij with lard gj. 

incomp. Alkalies and earths with their carbonates ; 
strong acids ; hydro-sulphurets ; lime-water, chlo- 
ride of calcium, salts of lead; decoctions of bitter 
and astringent plants. 

ANTIMONII SULPHURETUU. 

Slightly diaphoretic, alterative. 



84 AQU 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, scrofula, cutaneous 
diseases. 
)ose. Grs. 
and bowels. 

ANTIMONIUM SULPHURATUM. 

Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony. 

Alterative, diaphoretic, emetic. 

Use. In secondary syphilis, cutaneous eruptions, &c. 

Dose. 1 to 2 grs. as alterative. 

ANTIRRHINUM LINARIA. Toad-Flax. 

Diuretic, cathartic, slightly acrid. 

Used in infusions, or as a poultice, &c, to piles. 

APOCYNUM ANDROSiEMIFOLIUM. Dog's Bane. 
Emetic, diaphoretic, alterative. 

Dose. Grs. xxx of the powdered root as an emetic; 
grs. v. diaphoretic. Employed by the Indians in 
lues venerea. 

APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. Indian Hemp. 

Emetic, hydragogue, cathartic, diuretie, diaphoretic, 
expectorant, narcotic, and sedative. 

Use. A very powerful remedy in ascites and general 
dropsy; in neuralgia, &c. 

Dose. From grs. x to grs. xx of the powered root 
produce free vomiting and purging. Of the decoc- 
tion, which is preferable, and made by boiling ^ss 
of the dried root in Ojss of water to Oj, from fgj 
to fgij may be given three of four times a day, if 
necessary. Of the extract, grs. iij to grs. iv, two 
or three times a clay, will usually act on the bowels. 

AQUA ACIDA CARBONiCI. Carbonic Acid Water. 
(By means of a forcing pump, throw into a suitable 
receiver, nearly filled with water, a quantity of car- 
bonic acid equal to five times the bulk of the wa- 
ter.) 

AQUA AMGYDAL^ AMAR^. Bitter Almond 
water. (Oil of Bitter Almonds ^ xvi, Carb. Mag. 



ARC 35 

~j. Water, Oij. Proceed as for cinnamon water.) 
Effects the same as hydrocyanic acid. 
Use. As a vehicle in cough or antispasmodic medi- 

AQUA CAMPHORA. Camphor Water. (Take of 
Camphor ^ij, Alcohol gutt. xl, Carbonate Magnesia 
5jj, Distilled Water Oij. Rub the camphor first with 
the alcohol, afterwards with the carb. mag., and 
lastly with the water gradually added — then filter 
through paper.) 

AQUA CINNAMONI. Cinnamon water. (Take of 
oil of cinnamon fj^ss, carbonate magnesia gss, dis- 
tilled water Oij ; rub the oil of cinnamon first with 
the carb. mag., then with the water gradually add- 
ed, and filter through paper. In same way prepare 
the other medicated waters of medicinal plants. 

INFUSUM PICIS L1QUIDJE. Tar Water. (Picis Oij, 
Aqua? Cong. j. 

Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. In scorbutus and cutaneous diseases. 

Dose. Oj to Oij in the course of day. 

AQUILEGIA VULGARIS. Columbine. 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, antiscorbutic, seldom used. 

ARALIA NUDICAULIS. False Sarsaparilla. 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, alterative. 

Use. Employed in rheumatism, syphilis, cutaneous 
affections, in the same manner and close as the ge- 
nuine sarsaparilla. 

ARALIA SPINOSA. Angelica Tree, Toothache Tree, 
Prickly Ash. 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, emetic, cathartic. 

Use. Employed in chronic rheumatism and cutaneous 
eruptioDs. Also, in Virginia, in colic, in toothache, 
usually givan in decoction. 

ARCTIUM LAPPA. Burdock. 

Aperient, sudorific, diuretic. 



36 A R G 

Use. In rheumatism, gout, aphtha?: also in venereal, 
scorbutic, scrofulous, and nephritic affections; in 
decoction made with gij of the root in Ojss of water. 
The leaves externally in cutaneous eruptions and 
ulcerations. 

Dose. A teacupful several times a day; of little value 
unless persevered in for a long time. 

ARGENTI CYANIDUM. Cyanuret of Silver. 
Cyanide of Silver. Nitrate of Silver ^xv, Hydrocy- 
anic Acid, Dist. Water, iia Oj. (Having dissolved 
the nitrate of silver in the water, add the hydrocy- 
anic acid, and mix them. Wash the precipitate 
with distilled water, and dry it. 

Use. To prepare hydrocyanic acid. 

ARGENTI 10DIDUM. Iodide of Silver. [Precipi- 
tated from the nitrate by iodide of potassium.) 

A substitute for nitrate of silver in gastric affections, 
in doses of J gr. three times a day, increased gradu- 
ally. This iodine forms a crystalline salt with io- 
dide of potassium, which may perhaps combine the 
tonic and alterative effects of its constituents, in a 
similar way to the iodo-hydrargyrate of potassium. 
It is, however, decomposed by water. 

ARGENTI NITRAS. Nitrate of silver. 

Tonic, antispasmodic, escharotic. 

Use. In chorea, epilepsy, dyspepsia, and irritable 
conditions of the mucous membrane of the stomach 
and bowels; locally to relieve strictures ; to fun- 
gous ulcers, warts, and venereal chancres ; gr. ij 
in distilled water f^j is a good injection in fistulous 
sores; and as an application to spongy gums, en- 
larged tonsils, and ulcerated sore throats. A solu- 
tion of ^ss in f^j of distilled water, is highly use- 
ful when pencilled over the surface in erysipelas. 

Dose. Gr. J increased to gr. iv in a pill, with crumb 
of bread, three times a day; or in solution, increased 



A R U 37 

to gr. iij. The dark color communicated to the 
skin is an objection to its internal employment. 

Incomp. Sulphuric, hydrochloric, and arsenious scids 
and their salts; alkalies except ammonia ; lime; 
chlorides; sulphurets; astringent vegetable infu- 
sions and decoction; aqueous solutions of salts of 
mercury, or of copper. 

ARGENTI OXIDUM. Oxide of silver. 

Proposed as a substitute fur the nitrate. 

Dose. % a gr in pill. 

ARMORACIA. Horse-Radish. Root. (Cochlearia 
ormorucia. ) 

Stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In scorbutus, rheumatism, dropsy, and dyspep- 
tic affections; and locally in hoarseness. 

Dose. J)i to ^j. Vide Infusion: of the following 
syrup a teaspoonful often slowly swallowed, in 
hoarseness, (ft. Of the scraped root !^j, boiling 
water gij, sugar q. s. to the strained liquor.) 

ARNICA. Leopard's Bane. (A. montana,) 

Narcotic, stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, diu- 
retic. 

Use. In amaurosis, paralysis, rheumatism, gout, 
dropsy; nephritis and chlorosis. The root has 
been used in intermittents, but is most useful in 
diseases attended with a typhoid state of the sys- 
tem. 

Dose. Gr. v to gr x. in powder, or f5 ss of the fol- 
lowing infusion: (R. Of the flowers ^jss, water 
fgviij,) twice or thrice a day. In large doses it 
produces poisoning. 

ARUM. Dragon Root, Indian turnip. (B. triphyl- 
lum.) 

Externally irritant. Internally stimulant to all the 
secretions, especially those of the skin and lungs. 
4 



38 ASS 

Use. In asthma, pertussis, chronic catarrh, chronic 

rheumatism, and cachectic complaints generally. 
Dose. Of the powder of the recently dried root, gr. 
v to gr. x, mixed with gum Arabic, sugar and water, 
in the form of emulsion, repeated two or three times 
a day, and gradually increased to ^ss or gj. Also 
in aphthous sore mouth of children, mixed with 
sugar and laid on the tongue. 

ASARUM CANADENSE. Wild Ginger. 

A stimulant, tonic, diaphoretic. 

Use. Used chiefly as an elegant adjunct to tonic in- 
fusions arid decoctions. Xiesembles serpentaria in 
its effects. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gr. xx to gr. xxx. Also, 
used in form of a tincture. 

ASCLEPIAS. The common silk-weed. Butterfly Weed. 
Pleurisy Root. (^4. tuber osa.) 

Diaphoretic, expectorant, cathartic, diuretic, slightly 
tonic. 

Use. Employed extensively in some of the Southern 
States in catarrh, pneumonia, pleurisy, consump- 
tion, acute rheumatism, autumnal remittents, and 
dysentery. 

Dose. Of the powder, gr. xx to gj. several times a 
day. As a diaphoretic, a tea-cupful of the decoc- 
tion every three or four hours, made by infusing 
^j of the root in Oij of water. 

ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS. Asparagus. 

Diuretic, aperient, deobstruent. 

Dose, ^ss to 3J of extract, or gj to fjij of syrup, 
prepared from the shoots 

ASSAFCETXDA. Assafcetida. (Narthex assafcetida.) 

Antispasnodic, expectorant; emmenagogue ; anthel- 
mintic when injected into the rectum. 
Use. Hysteria, tympanitis, asthma, dyspnoea, per- 
tussis, worms. 



BEL 39 

Dose. In pill, gr. x- to gas; in solution, vide Mis-' 
tura ; in clyster, sjij dissolved in water f^viij. 

AUKANTII CORTEX. Orange Peel. 

Use. A mild tonic, carminative, and stomachic. 

AZEDARACII. Bark of root of Melia Azedarach. 

Use. Cathartic, emetic, anthelmintic — in large doses 
narcotic. 

Dose. Oij Water to giv bark, boiled to Oj — to a child 
a tablespoonful. 

BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. Peruvian Balsam. 
(Myrospermum perutferum. ) 

Stimulant, tonic, expectorant. 

Use. In palsy; chronic asthma, bronchitis, and 
rheumatism; gleet; leucorrhea ; and externally 
for cleansing and stimulating foul, indolent ulcers. 

Dose, tt^x to £ss twice or thrice a day, made into 
an emulsion with mucilage of gum. 

BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. Tolu Balsam. {Myro- 
spermum toluiferum.) 

Stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. In chronic coughs; but principally used on ac- 
count of its flavor. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss triturated with mucilage. 

BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. Wild Indigo. 

Antiseptic, laxative, emetic. 

Use. In scarlatina, gangrene, &c. 

Dose. f*g of decoction (^j root to Oj water.) 

BEBEERL. Bark of Nectandra Rodiei. 

The sulphate of bebeerin has been used in intermittent 
and remittent fevers. 

Dose. 2 grs., until from £)j to ^j is given, between 
the paroxysms. 

BELLADONNA. Deadly Nightshade. (Atropa bel- 
ladonna. 

Powerful narcotic, diaphoretic, diuretic, repellent. 

Use. In obstinate intermittents. tic-douloureux, palsy. 



40 BRO 

epilepsy, chorea, mania, gout, rheumatism, dropsy, 
jaundice, pertussis, and the cachexia ; amaurosis; 
sprinkling the powdered leaves over cancerous sores 
has been found to allay the pain: and the leaves 
form a good poultice. Applied to the eye, in the 
form of infusion or solution of the extract, to di- 
late the pupil previous to operations. The root is 
used for the same purpose as the leaves. 

Dose. Gr. ss gradually increased to gr. i daily; or 
fSij of this infusion. R. Of the leaves £)j, hot water 
f^x, strained cold. 

BENZOIN ODQRIFERUM. Spice-bush. Fever- 
bush. 

Stimulant, aromatic, vermifuge. 

Used in decoction or infusion. 

BENZOINU.M. Benzoin. (Sty rax Benzoin.) 

Use. Principally for obtaining the acid it contains. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. 

Incomp. Alkalies, acids; — and so with all the bal- 

BERBERIS VULGARIS. Barberry. 

Refrigerent, astringent, antiscorbutic. 

The berries are used as a drink, and the juice as sy- 
rup. 

BETULA LENTA. Sweet Birch. Black Birch. 

Gently stimulant and diaphoretic. 

BISMUTHI TR1SNITRAS. (Bismuthi subnitras, 
U. S.) Trisnitrate of Bismuth. 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In dyspepsia attended with cardialgia. 

Doss From gr. j to gr. xv. 

BISMUTHI VALERIANAS. Valerianate of Bis- 
muth. 

Use. In neuralgia and gastralgia. 

Dose. Gr. ss to gr. ij in pill. 

BROMINUM. Bromine. 



C A M 41 

Like iodine, it stimulates the lymphatics, and pro- 
motes absorption. 

Use. In bronchocele, scrofula, &c. 

Dose. In aqueous solutions (1 part to 40 of water,) C 
drops several times a day. 

BUCHU. Diosma. Leaves of Barosma crenata. 

Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. In irritation of the bladder. 

Dose. 20 to 30 grs. powder fgj to fgij of infusion 
(§j to Oj boiling water) sg of the fluid extract. 

Cxi LAMINA. Calamine. Impure Carbonate of 
Zinc. 

CALAMINA PR.EPARATA. Prepared Calamine. 

Use. A mild astringent in excoriations. 

CALAMUS AROMATICUS. Sweet Flag-root. 

Stomachic, carminative. 

Use. In a tonic dyspepsia with vertigo. 

Dose. Qj to ^j in powder. 

CALC11 CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Calcium. 

Use. See Liquor Calcii Chloridi. 

CALCIS CARBONAS PR.ECIPITATA. Precipi- 
tated Carbonate of Lime. 

Use the same as Creta Prreparata. 

CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. Marygold. 

Antispasmodic, sudorific, emmenagogue. 

Used in infusion. 

CALX CHLORINATA. Chlorinated Lime. Chlo- 
ride of Lime. (Calcis Hydratus, Hbj. Chlorini 
quantum satis sit. Pass the chlorine through the 
lime spread in a proper vessel, until it is satu- 
rated.) 
Use. As a disinfectant, and for bleaching purposes. 

CAMPHORA. Camphor. (C. offlcinarum.) 

Narcotic, diaphoretic, sedative ; externally anodyne. 
Use. In typhus, eynanche maligna, confluent small- 
pox, and other exanthemata of the tvphoid type ; 
4* 



42 CAN 

in atonic gout, and as an adjunct to bark and opium 
in checking gangrene. It produces its narcotic and 
sedative effects with very little increase of pulse, 
and therefore may be used in mania, pneumonia, 
and other inflammatory complaints, united with 
nitre and antimonials. In doses of from 1 to 3 
grains it acts as a diaphoretic. It is a useful ad- 
junct to bark in typhoid diseases, to valerian, the 
fetid gums, volatile alkali and others, in hysteric 
and nervous complaints, and to antimonials in rheu- 
matism and other inflammations. Externally, it 
allays the pains of rheumatism, and other deep- 
seated inflammations, when dissolved in oil. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x in powder, with sugar, &c; in 
pills ; or in mixture with mucilage, or almond con- 
fection; tne effects of an over-dose are counteracted 
by opium. For external application it is dissolved 
in oil or in alcohol. 

CANELLA. Canella Bark. (C. alba.) 

Stimulant, tonic. 

Use. As an aromatic addition to bitter tonics and ca- 
thartics. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss in powder; in infusion fgiss. 

C ANTHARIS. The Blistering Fly. 

Stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, vesicant; both their 
internal use and t'aeir external application are apt 
to produce strangury; active properties depend on 
the cantharidin. 

Use. Internally in dropsies, obstinate gleet, and leu- 
corrhoea ; retention of the urine owing to want of 
action in the bladder, and an incontinence of 
urine from debility of the bladder ; lepra ; but their 
internal use requires caution. For their external 
use, see Empl., Tinctura, and Acetum Cantharidis. 

Dose. Gr. ss to gr. j, in a pill, with opium or the 
extract of henbane and camphor twice a day. 



CAR 43 

CANTHAR1S VITTATA. Potato Fly. 

Same as the former. There are several other species, 
all of which have the same properties. 

CAPSICUM. The Capsicum berries. (C. annuum.) 

Stimulant, rubefacient. 

Use. In atonic gout, the flatulence of dyspepsia, le- 
thargy. Its solution (Capsici pulv. 5p> Sodii Chlor. 
9j, Acet. s;iv, Aquae ferventis f^vj, Cola) forms the 
best gargle in cynanche maligna and scarlatina. 
Cataplasms of it are used in coma and the delirium 
of typhus. 

Dose. Gr. iij to gr. x in pill. 

Incomp. Nitrate of silver, bichloride of mercury, ace- 
tate of lead, sulpates of iron, zinc, and. copper, and 
the carbonates of alkalies. 

CARBO ANIMALIS. Animal Charcoal. (Prepared 
from flesh and bones.) 

Use. For decolorizing vegetable salts ; clarifying 
salts, and extracting the volatile oil from whisky 
and other liquors. 

CARBO LIGNI. Charcoal of Wood. 

Antiseptic, absorbent. 

Use. In putrid eructations of dyspepsia, obstinate 
constipation ; to relieve the nausea of pregnancy, 
and as a cataplasm with linseed meal to fetid ul- 
cers ; the best tooth-powder. 

Dose. Gr. x to 7)j united with rhubarb. 

CARDAMOMUM. Cardamom Seed. (Eletaria carda- 
momum.) 

Carminative, stomachic. 

Use. Tn the flatulent colic of children, united with 
rhubarb and magnesia; but principally to give 
warmth to other remedies. 

Dose. Gr. v to gj in powder. 

CARTHAMUS. Dyer's Saffron. (C. Hnctorius.) 

Laxative, and somewhat diaphoretic. 



44 CAS 

Use. As a substitute for saffron in measles, scarlatina, 
and other exanthematous diseases, to promote the 
eruption. 

Dose. Of an infusion of gij to a pint of boiling water, 
given without restriction as to quantity. 

CARUM. Caraway Seeds. (C. carui.) 

Carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, and to give warmth to purga- 
tives. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^j, swallowed whole, or in powder. 

CARYOPHYLLUS. The Clove. (C. aromaticus.) 

Stimulant, aromatic. 

Use. As a corrigent to other remedies, and a condi- 
ment. 

Dose. Gr. v to x, in powder. 

CASCARILLA. Cascarrilla Bark. (Croton Eleuteria.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. As an adjunct to cinchona in ague; in obstinate 
diarrhoea, and after dysentery; a good vehicle for 
powdered Peruvian bark, and small doses sulphate 
magnesia, and sulphuric acid in debility of stomach 
attended with constipation; in dyspepsia, and flatu- 
lent colic. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj in powder. The infusion is the 
best form. 

CASSIA. Cassia pulp. (C fistula.) 

Laxative. 

Use. Where a gentle medicine is required in costive 
habits, combined with aromatics. 

Dose, giv to ^j. 

CASTANEA. Chinquaqin. (C. pumilla.) 

Tonic, and astringent. 

Use. In intermittents. 

CASTOREUM. Castor. 

Antispasmodic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In typhus, hysteria, epilepsy, amenorrhoea. 



CER 45 

Dose. Gr. x to gj in a bolus; ^j, or more, in clysters; 
of little value as a remedy. 

CATALPA CORDIFOLIA. Catawba tree. 

Reputed poisonous, but has been used in asthma, 
giij or giv of seeds in gxii water, boiled to ^vi, 
given morning and night. 

CATARIA. Catnip. Leaves of Nep eta Cataria. 

Tonic and excitant. 

Use. In domestic practice in amenorrhcea, colic, &c. 

Dose, gij in infusion. 

CATECHU. Catechu. (Acacia catechu.) 

Astringent, tonic. 

Use. In diarrhoea, from a relaxed state of the bowels, 
and in intestine and uterine hemorrhages; locally 

' in aphthoe, ulceration of the gums, and in coughs 
and hoarseness from the relaxation of the uvula, 
and epistaxis. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj in powder; in the latter case, a 
piece is allowed to dissolve slowly in the mouth: 
but is best given with sugar, gum Arabic and water. 

CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS. New Jersey tea. 

Astringent. Used in syphilis in decoction (gij to Oj.) 
A strong infusion used in aphtha? and dysentery. 

CELASTRUS SCANDENS. Climbing staff-tree. 

Emetic, diaphoretic, narcotic. 

CENTAUREA BENEDICTA. Blessed Thistle. May 
be used as tonic in cold infusion (§ss of leaves to 
Oj.) A stronger infusion taken warm in bed pro- 
motes diaphoresis. A still stronger infusion is 
emetic. 

CERA FLAVA ET CERA ALBA. Yellow Wax and 
white. 

Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In diarrhoea and dysentery; but principally 
used in the formation of cerates and ointments. 

Dose. 9j to gss twice or thrice a day, in form of 



46 CER 

emulsion; melt the wax with a little oil, then tri- 
turate it with yolk of egg, and groat gruel f§ij. 

CERATUM CALAMINE. Calamine Cerate. Tur- 
ner's Cerate. (Prepared Calamine, Yellow Wax, ail 
giij, Lard, It) j . ) 

A mild astringent. 

CERATUM CANTHARIDIS. Blistering plaster. 
(Cantharides in powder Ibj. Yellow Wax, Resin, 
aii gvii, Lard, gx.) 

CERATUM CETACEI. Spermaceti Cerate. (Cetacei 
gij, Ceroa Alb. gij, Olivce 01. f§iv. The wax and 
oil being melted together, add the spermaceti, and 
stir until the whole is cold.) 

Emollient, cooling. 

CERATUM PLUxMBI ACETATIS. Cerate of Acetate 
of Lead. (Plumbi Acetas cont. gij, Cerge Alb. 3jij, 
Olivre 01. fgviij. Melt the wax in seven fluid 
ounces of the oil, then add the acetate rubbed down 
with the remainder; and stir with a wooden spatula 
until the whole be united.) 

Cooling, astringent, resolvent. 

Use. In inflamed sores, excoriations, and burns. 

CERATUM PLUIMBI SUB ACETATIS. Cerate of 
Subacetate of lead. (Goulard's Cerate.) Com- 
pound Lead Cerate. (Liq. Plumbi diacetatis fjfiij, 
Cerse giv, Olivae 01. Oss, Camphoras gss. Melt the 
wax in fgvij of the oil, then remove the mixture 
from the fire, and when it. begins to thicken add 
gradually the solution of diacetate of lead, and as- 
siduously stir the whole with a wooden spatula until 
it is cold; lastly, add the camphor dissolved in what 
remained of the oil, and mix.) 

Use. The same as the former. 

CERATUM RESINS. Resin Cerate. (Resinge Cerge 
aa Ibj, 01iva3 01. f^xvj. Melt the resin and wax 
over a slow fire, then add the oil, and strain while 
hot.) Yellow Basilicon. 



CER 47 

Digestive, cleansing. 

Use. To foul, indolent ulcers. 

CERATUM RESIN.E COMPOSIT UM. Compound 
Resin Cerate. (Take of resin, suet, yellow wax, 
aa Ibj, turpentine flbss, flaxseed oil Oss. Melt to- 
gether, strain through linen, and stir till cool.) 

CERATUM SABIN.E. Savine Cerate, (gij pow- 
dered savine mixed with Ibj melted resin cerate.) 

Irritative, drawing. 

Use. To keep a discharge from a blistered surface. 
It is much preferable to the Ceratum Cantharidis, 
occasioning less pain, and preserving a sufficient 
discharge. 

CERATUM SAPONIS. Soap Cerate. (Oij solution 
of subacetate of lead, ^vj soap, ^x white wax, Oj 
olive oil ; boil the solution of subacetate of lead with 
the soap, over a slow Are, to the consistence of ho- 
ney, then evaporate over a water bath till the water 
is all dissipated, and lastly mix in the oil and wax.) 

Desiccative, resolvent. 

Use. Applied, spread on linen, round fractured limbs, 
after all inflammation is abated and the bones are 
united; and to strumous swellings. 

CERATUM ADIPIS. Simple cerate. (Take of 
lard ,^viij, white wax ^iv. Melt them together, and 
stir them constantly till cool.) 

CERATUM ZINCI CARBONATIS. Cerate of Carbo- 
nate of Zinc. (Turner's Cerate.) (Take of prepared 
Carbonate of Zinc, Yellow Wax, each half a pound. 
Lard two pounds. Melt the wax and lard together, 
and when upon cooling they begin to thicken, add 
the carbonate of zinc, and stir till cool.) 

CEREVISLE FERMENTUM. Yeast. 

Tonic, laxative. 

Use. In typhoid fever, externally to fetid ulcers. 

Dose, fjss to fgj. 



48 CHL 

CETACEUM. Spermaceti. 

Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In coughs and dysentery; and in the composi- 
tion of ointments. 

Dose, ^ss to 3Jss, rubbed up with sugar, or with an 
egg, in emulsion. 

CETRARIA. Iceland moss. (C. islandica.) 

Tonic, demulcent, nutrient. See Decoct. Cetrar. 

CHELIDONIUM MAJUS. Celadine. 

Acrid, purgative, diuretic, diaphoretic. Used in jaun- 
dice. 

Dose. Gr. xxx, dried herb or root. 

CHELONE GLABRA. Balmony. 

Tonic, cathartic, anthelmintic. 

Dose, ^j fluid extract. 

CHEN T OPODIUM. Worm Seed. (C. anthelminticum.) 

Anthelmintic. 

Use. To destroy iumbrici in children, for which it is 
given morning and evening for three or four days: 
then followed by calomel, or some brisk cathartic. 

Dose. Of the powdered seeds, from gj to ^ij to a child 
two or three years old, in syrup; of the oil, which is 
more frequently given, from five to ten drops, mixed 
with sugar or in emulsion; of the decoction, made 
by boiling ^j of the fresh plant in Oj of milk with 
the addition of orange peel, or some other aromatic, 
a wine glassful, or a tablespoonful of the expressed 
juice of the leaves. 

CHIMAPHILLA. Pipsissewa. Leaves of Chima- 
philla Umbellata. 

Diuretic, tonic, astringent. 

Use. In urinary affections, scrofula and rheumatism. 

Dose. Oj of decoction in !24 hours. 

CHLOROFORM. Ansesthetic. From the accidents 
which have occurred from its use pure Sulphuric 
Ether, or one part chloroform, two parts ether, is 



CIN 49 

preferable for the purpose of procuring insensibility 
to the pain of surgical operations. 

Dose. For internal use n^x to f^j. 

CHONDRUS. Irish Moss, Carrageen. A good sub- 
stitute for the Iceland Moss, which it closely resem- 
bles. (Macerate gss of the moss ten minutes in cold 
water, turn it off, add Ojss boiling water; boil to a 
pint, strain, and add sugar and lemon juice to im- 
prove the flavor. Milk may be substituted for water, 
if a more nutritious preparation be required.) 

CICHORIUM INTYBUS. Chicory. 

Tonic, aperient, deobstruent. Used in jaundice and 
phthisis, in decoction (gj or gij to Oj.) 

CIMICIFUGA. Black Snake "Root. Cohosh. (C. 
racemosa.) 

Tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, emmena- 
gogue. 

Use. Employed extensively in the United States, as 
a domestic remedy, in rheumatism, dropsy, chorea, 
listeria, and especially in pulmonary affections, for 
which it has been regarded by some as a specific. 

Dose. Of the powder, gr. x to t ^j ; of the decoction, 
made by boiling gj; of thebruisedrootinOj of water, 
from fgj to fgij maybe given several times a day. 

CINCHONA. Peruvian Bark. C. flava-pallida-rubra. 

Strongly and permanently tonic and antiperiodic, 
slightly astringent, stomachic, and febrifuge. 

Use. In intermittents, after evacuating the stomach 
and bowels ; in continued fevers; keeping the bowels 
clear; confluent small-pox; erysipelas; acute rheu- 
matism; cynanche maligna; scarlatina; passive he- 
morrhages; and in every disease attended with de- 
ficient action. Externally in clysters, gargles, and 
lotions, in gangrenous ulcerations, &c. To check 
the nausea excited by it, wine, aromatics, and car- 
5 



50 COL 

bonic acid are added; to prevent purging, opium; 
costiveness, rhubarb. 

Dose. Given in infusion, decoction, and extract. The 
latter is a good form, if well prepared; of this gr. 
iij to gr. x in pill, or dissolved in infusion of roses, or 
syrup of orange peel, three times a day. Of the 
powder, Qj to giij in infusion of liquorice, or water. 

CINNAMOMUM. Cinnamon Bark. Cassia. 

Stimulant, astringent, carminative, tonic. 

Use. As a grateful aromatic in dyspepsia and diar- 
rhoea; to cover the taste of nauseous remedies, and 
with cathartics to prevent griping. The infusion 
checks vomiting. Chewed in palsy of the tongue. 

Dose. Gr. v to Qj in powder. 

COBWEB. Spider's web. 

Antiperiodic and antispasmodic. 

Dose. Gr. v or vi. Used as a styptic. 

COCCUS. The Cochineal insect. The Dried Female. 

Use. Chiefly for giving a red color to tinctures, &c. 

COCHLEAKIA OFFICINALIS. Scurvy-grass. 

Stimulant, aperient, diuretic. 

COFFEE. (C. Arabica.) 

Medically is excitant to the nerves, and resists the 
intoxicating effects of alcohol and opium. 

COLCHICI RADIX ET SEMEN". The Bulb and Seeds 
of the meadow Saffron. (Colchicum autumnale.) 

Narcotic, diuretic, cathartic. 

Use. In dropsies, gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, bron- 
chitis and scarlet fever. Colchicum is rather pal- 
liative than curative in gout and rheumatism. It 
is a useful addition to saline medicines in fevers 
and all inflammations. It should be given in small 
doses combined with magnesia, and, if necessary, 
often repeated. 

Dose. Gr.j to gr. v of the recent bulb in pill. 

COLLOSONIA CANADENSIS. Horse-weed. Heal- 



CON 51 

all. A decoction of fresh root used in catarrh of 
the bladder, leucorrhoea, dropsy, &c; and a poul- 
tice of leaves to bruises and the like. 

COLOCYNTHIS. Bitter Cucumber Pulp. (Cacumis 
colocynthis. ) 

Strongly cathartic, drastic, hydragogue. 

Use. Too violent to be used alone. When combined 
•with calomel, extract of jalap, and gamboge, colo- 
cynth forms a highly efficient and safe cathartic, 
especially adapted to congestion of the liver and 
portal circle, and torpidity of this organ. In drop- 
sy, and affections of the head, also, highly useful. 

Dose. Gr. j to gr. v. 

COLOMBO. Calumba Boot. (Cocculus palmatus.) 

Tonic, antiseptic. 

Use. In bilious vomitings, and those attendant on 
pregnancy, dyspepsia, and cholera. 

Dose. Gr. x to £)j twice or thrice a day. 

Tncomp. Acetate and diacetate of lead; infusion of 
galls. 

COLLODIUM. Collodion, fa solution of gun cotton 
in ether) an artificial epidermis. 

COMPTONIA ASPLENIFOLIA. Sweet Fern. 

Tonic, astringent. A decoction used in diarrhoea. 

CONFECTIO AROMATICA. Aromatic Confection. 
(Cinnamomi, Myristicas, sing, gij, Caryoph. gj, 
Cardam. gss. Croci gij, Cretae Praep. §xvi, Sacch. 
Pur. lbij. Bub the dry substance to a fine powder 
and keep it in a stoppered vessel. When it is to 
be used, add water gradually till the \?hole be in- 
corporated.) 

Stimulant, cordial. 

Us». In the low stage of typhoid fevers, atonic gout; 
hysteria; nervous languors. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj in bolus or mixtures. 

Incomp. Acids of any kind; metallic salts. 



52 CON 

CONFECTLO AURANTIT. Confection of Orange. 
(Aur. Cort. exter. recent, radula separ. lbj, Sacch. 
pur. lbiij. Beat the rind in a stone mortar with a 
wooden pestle, gradually adding the sugar.) 

Stomachic. 

Use. In dyspepsia of children; and as a vehicle for 
other remedies. 

Dose. gj. to gj. 

CONFECTIO CASSLE. Cassia Confection. (Cas- 
sio3 pulpa3 lbss, Mannas gij, Tamarincli pulpse, gj, 
Syr. Rosse fgviij. Bruise the manna; then dissolve 
it by heat, and having mixed in the pulp, evaporate 
to a proper consistence.) 

Gently laxative. 

Use. For habitual costiveness; and as a purge for 
children. 

Dose, gj to gj. 

CONFECTLO OPII. Opium Confection. (Opii duri 
£vi, Piper Long. §j. Zingib. rad. gij, Carui Sem. 
giij. Tragacanthse contritoe^ij, Syrupi gxvj. Rub 
the opium with the syrup made hot; then add the 
other articles in the state of powder, and mix.) — 
Gr. j of Opium in gr. xxxvj. 

Narcotic and stimulant. 

Use. Atonic gout, flatulent colic, colliquative diar- 
rhoea, in the chalk mixture. 

Dose. Gr. x to gss in a bolus or mixture. 

CONFECTIO ROSJE GALLIC.E Coufec:ion of 
the Red Rose. (Rosre Gal. Petal, nondum explic. 
abject ung. lbj, Sacch. pur. lbiij. Beat the petals 
in a stone mortar, then add the sugar, and beat into 
a uniform mass.) 

Astringent, tonic. 

Use. In Diarrhoea. Rubbed up with new milk it is 
useful in early convalescence from acute diseases. 
A good vehicle. 

Dose. 3J to gj. 



CON 53 

CONFECTIO SENNAS. Confection of Senna. (Sen- 
na) Fol. §?iij, Ficorum fbj, Tamarindi, Cassise 
Prunorum Gall. Pulpre, sing. Ibss, Coriand. ^iv, 
Glycyrrhizae j|iij. Sacch. pur. IbijsSj Aqua? Oiij. — 
Rub the Senna leaves and Coriander seeds to pow- 
der and sift; boil the residue with the figs, liquor- 
ice root, and the water to one-half, then press and 
strain. Evaporate the strained liquor to f^xxiv, 
then add the sugar. Finally rub the syrup with the 
pulp, and, adding the sifted powder, mix the whole.) 

Laxative. 

Use. In habitual costiveness, and that attending preg- 
nancy. 

Dose. [5J to ^iv. 

CONII FOLIA, SEMEN. Hemlock Leaves and Seeds 
(C. Maculatum.) 

Narcotic, poisonous in an over-dose; resolvent. 

Use. As a palliative in cancer and scirrhous, scrofu- 
lous, and syphilitic ulcerations and swellings; per- 
tussis; chronic enlargments of the liver and other 
abdominal organs; cutaneous affections; asthma; 
chronic pulmonary diseases, and neuralgic affec- 
tions. Externally giij of the dried herb boiled in 
Oj of water as a fermentation to open scrofulous and 
cancerous ulcers; or as a cataplasm, by adding lin- 
seed meal and oat meal. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. iv of the powder, or from gtt ij of 
the expressed juice, very gradually increased to 
£j. Of the extract, gr. j to gr. iv. to be reduced 
if it causes vertigo. The extract is the best form 
of administering it; it may be usefully combined 
with ipecacuanha in pulmonary affections, where 
we wish to quiet cough and relieve bronchial irri- 
tation. 

CONTKAYERVA. Contrajerva Root. [Dorstenia 
contrayerva.] 

§* 



54 COR 

Tonic, stimulant, sudorific. 

Use. In typhus, nervous fever; the fever of denti- 
tion in weak infants ; and dysentery. 

Dose. Gr. x to £ss. 

CONVALLARIA MULTIFLORA. Solomon's seal. 

Tonic, mucilaginous, mildly astringent. Used in 
leucorrhcea, &c. 

Dose. Fluid extract gij to ^v. 

CONVOLVULUS PANDURATUS. Wild potato. 

Feebly cathartic, diuretic. 

Dose. 40 grs. of dried root. 

COPAIBA. Copaiba balsam. [C. officinalis.] 

Stimulant, diuretic, purgative in large doses; acts on 
the urethra. 

Use. In gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhcea, dysentery, 
and all affections of mucous membranes; hemor- 
rhoidal affections. 

Dose, tt^xx to fzj in emulsion with gum or yolk of 
egg; in pills by mixing the copaiba with magne- 
sia and exposing the mixture to the air. 

Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid. 

COPTIS. Goldthread. [C. trifolia.] 

Tonic. 

Use. In all cases where a simple tonic is required. 
In aphthous affections of the mouth and throat. 

Dose. Of the powder from gr. x to gr. xxx. Of the 
tinct. 3J, 5j root, Oj alcohol. 

CORIANDRUM. Coriander seed. [C. sativum.] 

Carminative. 

Use. In flatulencies; but chiefly to cover the taste of 
other medicines. 

Dose. 9j to £j entire, or in powder. 

CORYDALIS FORMOSA. Turkey corn, Alterative, 
Tonic. Used in syphilis, scrofula, &c. 

Dose. Of fluid extract 10 to 40 drops. 

CORNUS FLORIDA. Dogwood. 



CRO 55 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In all cases to which Peruvian Bark is adapted, 
which it closely resembles, especially intermittents. 

Dose. May be given in powder, decoction, or extract 
of the powder, from J)j to gj. Infusion most em- 
ployed. 

CORYLUS ROSTRATA. Beaked Hazel. . Anthel- 
mintic. Used the same way as cowhage. 

COTULA. Mayweed. Wild chamomile. Herb of 
Anthemis Cotula. 

Antispasmodic, vesicant externally. Best given in 
infusion. 

CREASOTUM. Creasote. 

Use. Externally applied in rheumatism and neural- 
gia. Given in some stomachic affections, as dys- 
pepsia, and anorexia, and to allay nausea and vo- 
miting; used externally in porrigo scutulata, and to 
relieve toothache, also to foul ulcers and cancerous 
sores. 

Dose. From ^j to tr^ij. 

CRETA PRJEPARATA. Prepared Chalk. Take 
of chalk a convenient quantity; add a little water 
to it, and rub it into fine powder; throw this into 
a large vessel nearly full of water, stir briskly, 
and after a short interval pour the supernatant 
liquor, while yet turbid, into another vessel. Re- 
peat the process with the chalk remaining in the 
first vessel, and set the turbid liquor by, that the 
powder may subside. Lastly, pour off the water, 
and dry the powder. 

Internally antacid; externally absorbent. 

Use. In diarrhoea from acidity; externally when 
sprinkled over burns, after the inflammation has 
subsided, and a poultice applied, the skinning over 
the sore is much hastened. 

Dose. Gr. x to £j or more. 

CROCUS. Saffron. (C. sativa.) 



56 CUP 

Stimulant, exhilarating; diaphoretic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In hysteria and other nervous affections ; chiefly 
to impart colour to officinal tinctures. 

Dose. Gr. v to gss. 

CUBEB.E. Cubebs. (Piper Cubebcc.) 

Stimulant, purgative, diuretic. 

Use. In gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea. Also as a 
grateful stomachic, and carminative in disorders of 
the digestive organs. Cubebs have been recom- 
mended in every stage of gonorrhoea, but they are 
most safe and effectual in chronic diseases, and 
where the inflammation is confined to the mucous 
membrane of the urethra. If not speedily useful, 
they should be discontinued. 

Dose. From gr. x to gss of the powder, every six 
hours. The volatile oil is sometimes substituted 
in the dose of ten or twelve drops, suspended in 
mucilage, or sugar and water. 

CUCURBiTA CITRULUS. Watermelon. 

Seeds used in strangury, and as a diuretic. Infusion 
5j or gij to Oj. ad lib. 

CUNILLA MARIANA. American Dittany. 

Used in warm infusions to promote perspiration, re- 
lieve colic, dysmenorrhoea. 

CUPRI ACETAS. Acetate of copper. 

Tonic, stimulant, escharotic. 

Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and other spasmodic affec- 
tions. 

Dose. Gr. J gradually increased to gr. ij. 

Incomp. Alkalies, chalk mixture, sulphuric acid. 

CUPRI SULPHAS. Sulphate of copper. 

Tonic, emetic, astringent, escharotic, alterative, styp- 
tic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, and intermittent fever; 
and to produce vomiting in incipient phthisis, in 
croup, and in poisoning; externally as a stimulant 
to ulcers and to take down fungus. A weak solu- 



DEC 57 

tion is sometimes used as a collyrium in ophthal- 
mia, and as an injection in gleet. 

Dose. As a tonic, gr. \ to gr. ij in a pill; gr. ij to gr. 
x in fgij of water vomit. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths and their carbonates; sodae 
biboras; salts of lead; acetate of iron; acetate and 
diacetate of lead; astringent vegetable infusions, 
decoction and tinctures. 

CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated copper. 
Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In epilepsy and chorea after a course of purging. 

Dose. Gr. J gradually increased to gr. v in a pill 
twice a day. 

Incomp. Acids, alkalies, lime water. 

CURCUMA. The root of Turmeric. (C. Longa.) 

Stimulant, tonic. 

Use. In debilitated states of the stomach; intermit- 
tent fever; dropsy. 

Dose. From gss of the powder in gij, three table- 
spoonfuls, three times a day, of an infusion made 
with giij of the root in Oj of water. 

CYNOD1UM. Quince seed. 

Mucilaginous. Used in poultice in conjunctivitis. 

CYPdIPEDIUM PUBESCENS. Ladies' slipper. 

Tonic, nervine, antispasmodic. In hysteria, &c. 

Dose. Of fluid extract ^ss to ^j. 

DAUCI FRUCTUS ET RADIX. Carrot root and 
seed. (D. Carota.) 

The root, emollient, the seeds, stomachic, carmina- 
tive, diuretic. The root is externally antiseptic. 

Use. The root is chiefly employed as a poultice to 
fetid andill-conditioned sores. The seeds have very 
little efficacy in gravel and other renal affections, 
for which they have been extolled. 

Dose. Of the bruised seed Qij gj. 

DECOCTUM ALOES COMPOS LTUM. Compound 



£8 DEC 

Decoction of aloes. (Ext. Glycyrrh. §vij, Potassas 
Carb. >5J, Aloes contritas, Myrrhas contri., Croci 
sing. gjss. Tinct. Card. Co. f^vij, Aquas Ojss. Boil 
to Oj, and strain; and then add the Tinct. Card. 
Comp.) 
A warm cathartic; emmenagogue, tonic and cordial. 

Use. In habitual eostiveness from torpor of the bow- 
els; in jaundice, hypochondriasis, chlorosis and 
dyspepsia. This is a very mild and useful laxative 
where tonics are co-indicated. It may be used with 
the greatest advantage in some forms of dyspepsia, 
and in those complicated cases in which suppressed 
menstruation is connected with enfeebled digestion 
and a languid state of the bowels, as in chlorosis. 

Dose, gss to fjij, taken in the morning. 

Incomp. Acid, and acidulous salts, metallic salts. 

DECOCTUM CALUMBJE COMPOSITUM. Com- 
pound Decoction of Calumba. (Calumbas contusas 
Quassias aa gij, Aurantii Corticis ^j, Rhei in pulv. 
£)j, Potassas carbonatis^ss, Aquas fgxx. Boil to a 
pint, and add T. Lavand. fgss.) 

Tonic. 

Use. In convalescence from fever. 

Dose, fgij thrice a day. 

DECOCTUM CETRARLE. (Lichenis gv, Aquas 
Ojss. Boil to Oj, and strain.) 

Tonic, demulcent. 

Use. In protracted coughs, phthisis, emaciation from 
the great discharge of ulcers, pertussis. 

Dose, fgiv to fgij three or four times a day. The 
bitter is completely extracted by steeping the lichen 
in several waters before it is boiled, adding to each 
water about half a scruple of carbonate of potassa. 
Its nutritive qualities are considerable. 

DECOCTUM CHIMAPHILiE. Decoction of winter 
green. (Chimaphilas gj, Aquas dest. Ojss. Boil to 
a pint and strain.) 

Diuretic. 



DEC 59 

Use. In dropsy, calculous and nephritic complaints. 
Dose. From ftj to f5jss. 

DECOCTUM CINCHONA. Decoction of Cin- 
chona. (Cinchonia? Cort. Contusi Jx, Aqua? Oj. — 
Boil for ten minutes in a slightly-covered vessel, 
and strain while hot.) 
Tonic, antiperiodic. 

Uss. When the powder does not sit easy on the sto- 
mach; and when large doses are necessary; or in- 
gredients of a nature which connot be combined 
with the powder are required to be given with the 
bark. 
Dose, fgj to fjpv, three or four times a day. 
Ineomp. Xartarized antimony, infusions of astringent 

barks. 
DECOCTUM CORNUS FLORIDJE. Decoction of 
dogwood. (Corn. Florid, cont. §j, Aqua? Oj.) Boil 
for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain the 
liquor while hot. 
Tonic. 
Use. As a tonic, in dyspepsia and intermittents, 

especially when Peruvian Bark cannot be had. 
DECOCTUM DULCAMARA. Decoction of Woody 
Nightshade. (Dulcamara? contusa? §j, Aquae 
f^xxiv. Boil and evaporate to fgxiv.) 
Diuretic, diaphoretic, alterative, narcotic. 
Use. In dropsy, rheumatism, humoral asthma, lepra, 

and some other diseases of the skin. 
Dose, f^iv to gj, with any aromatic tincture, twice 

or thrice a day. 
DECOCTUM GRAN ATI. Decoction of Pomegra- 
nate. (Granati gij, Aqua? destillatse Ojss. Boil to 
pint and strain.) 
Astringent, anthelmintic. 
Use. In tape-worm, dysentery. 
Dose. fgs3 to fgj. 



60 DEC 

DECOCTUM HEMATOXYLIN Decoction of Log- 
wood. (Efematoxyli gj. Cinnamomi contusi 5J. 
Aquce Oj. Boil the wood, in the water till it evapo- 
rates to fgx, towards the end of the coction add 
the cinnamon, then strain.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In diarrhoea, and some cases of dyspepsia, where 
the secretions of the intestines are acrid. 

Dose. f§j to f^iij, frequently. 

Incomp. The mineral acids, solution of alum, sul- 
phates of iron and of copper, acetate of lead, tartar- 
ized antimony. 

DECOCTUM HORDEI. Decoction of Barley. (ffor- 
dei Sem. gijss, Aquse Oivss. First wash the barley 
well, then boil it for a few minutes in Oss of the 
water; which being strained off and thrown away, 
add the remainder boiling, boil to two pints and 
strain.) 

Nutritive, demulcent. 

Use. As a diluent in febrile affections, recent gonor- 
rhoea and strangury, and to form the bulk in clys- 
ters. — Ad libitum. 

DECOCTUM QUERCUS. (Albse.) Decoction of 
Oak Bark. (Quercus Cort. gx, Aquae Oij. Boil to 
a pint and strain.) 

Astringent. 

Use. An injection in leucorrhoea, and the gleety 
discharge which frequently remains after miscar- 
riages; fomentation in local vitiated ulcer; an 
application to warts. 

Incomp. Decoction of cinchona; gelatine; metallic 
salts; alkalies destroy its astringency. 

DECOCTUM SARZ.E COMPOSITUM. Compound 
Decoction of Sarsaparilla. (Decocti Sarsaparilke 
ferv.Oiv, Sassafras Bad. concisse, GuaiaciLignirasi, 
Glycyrrh, Bad. cont. sing, gx, Mezerei spj. Boil 15 
minutes, and strain.) Or, take of Sarsaparilla 3'vj, 



DEC 6f 

Water Oiv; acid the other ingredients, and proceed. 

in the same manner. — U. S. Phar. 
Diaphoretic, alterative. 
C±e. In secondary syphilis; chronic rheumatism, 

and lepra. 
Dose, f^iv to f^vj twice or thrice a day. 
DECOCTUM SENEGLE. Decoction of Senega.— 

(Senega Had. gx, Aquae Oij. Boil to Oj and strain. 
Diuretic, purgative, stimulant, expectorant. 
Use. In dropsy, rheumatism, and affections of the 

lungs attended with debility. Also, in bronchitis, 

where expectoration is scanty, and in croup, ame- 

norrhcea, asthma, and scrofula. 
Dose, f^jss to f^iij, three or four times a day. 
DECOCTUM SCILUE. Decoction of Squill. (Fcil- 

lae^iij, Juniperi 5W, Senegae ^iij, Aquae Oiv. Boil 

to one half, then strain, and add Spiritus iEtheris 

Nitriei fgiv. ) 
Diuretic. 
Use. Dropsy. 

Dose. From f^j to f^ij, frequently repeated. 
DECOCTUM ' TARAXACI. Decoction of Dandelion. 

(Taraxacirecentis herbae et radicis §vij, Aquae R>ij=. 

Boil to Ibj, and then strain.) 
Purgative, tonic. 

Use. In deficient and irregular action of the Liver. 
Dote, f^j to gij, twice or thrice a day. 
DECOCTUM VVJE URSI. Decoction of Whortle- 
berry. (Uvae Ursi cont. gj, Aquae dest. Ojss. Boil 

to a pint and strain.) 
Astringent, diuretic, antilithic. 
Use. In hemorrhages of the prostate gland and the 

intestinal canal, gravel, chronic nephritis, diabetes, 

and all diseases of the urinary organs. 
Dose, fgj to fgij three time3 a day. 
6 



62 DRA 

Incowfp. I pecacuanha, opium, infusion of cinchona 
barkj a/lkalies. 

DIGITALIS. Foxglove. (D. Purpurea.) Stimulant, 
but afterwards sedative, diuretic, narcotic. In 
over-doses it occasions vomiting, purging, vertigo, 
delirium, convulsions, and death. 

Use. In inflammatory diseases; phthisis; active he- 
morrhages, and dropsies, unattended by palsy and 
unsound viscera; from its influence in lowering the 
pulse, digitalis has been much employed in palpita- 
tion and other affections of the heart, in mania, epi- 
lepsy, &C-, also as an antispasmodic in pertussis and 
spasmodic asthma; where there is alaxness of fibre, 
and pale countenance. 

Dose. Gr. j in a pill, united with ammoniacum, soap, 
calomel, or opium, every six or eight hours till the 
remedy acts by the kidneys. 

DIOSCOREA YILLUSA. Wild yam. 

Antispasmodic, said to be specific in bilious colic. 

Dose. Of dioscorine 1 to 6 grains. 

DIOSPYROS. Persimmon. (D. Virginiana.) 

Astringent, tenic. 

Use. The decoction of the bark, in intermit tents, 
and in the form of a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. 
The fruit, when green, is excessively astringent, 
and the juice may be advantageously employed 
where an astringent effect is desired. 

DRACONTIUM. Skunk Cabbage. (Symplo carpus 
fxtidus. ) 

Stimulant, antispasmodic, expectorant, narcotic. 

Use. In asthma, chronic catarrh, rheumatism, hvs- 
teria, epilepsy, hooping-cough, and dropsy. In 
large dos*s it produces nausea and vomiting 9 with 
headache, vertigo, and dimness of vision. 

Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx of the powdered root three or four 
times a day. It may also be given in infusion or 
sjBup, in doses of from fry to fr^iv. 



EMP 63 

DULCAMARA. Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet. 
(Solarium Dulcamara.) 

Diuretic, sudorific, narcotic, alterative. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, humoral asthma, dropsy, 
lepra, scrofula, and jaundice. 

Dose. 9J t0 Zh i n powder; in the form of extract, 
gr. v to gr. x. An over-dose produces vomiting and 
delirium. 

ELATERIUM. Wild Cucumber. (Momordica ela- 
terium. ) 

Violently cathartic ; hydragogue ; diuretic. 

Use. In dropsies. 

Dose. Gr. 1-lOth to gr. J in a pill, or | gr. every hour 
till it operates; or gr. j dissolved in gj alcohol, with 
four drops of nitric acid, of which from thirty to 
forty drops may be given in water. 

EMPLASTRUM AMMONIAC I. Ammoniacum 
Plaster. (Ammoniaci pur. gv, Aceti destillati 
fgiij. After dissolving the Ammoniacum, the 
plaster is formed by evaporating the mixture, con- 
stantly stirring to a proper consistence.) 

Stimulant, resolvent. 

Use. To scrofulous tumors, bronchocele, white swell- 
ing, rheumatism. 

EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACUM. Ammoniac Plas- 
ter. (Ammoniac gv., Dilute Acetic Acid, Oss — 
evaporate.) 

Stimulant. 

EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACUM CUM HYDRAE- 
GYRO. Plaster of Ammoniac with Mercury. (Am- 
moniac Plaster giv, Mercurial Plaster gviij.) 

A discutient in venereal nodes, chronic hepatitis, &c. 

EMPLASTRUM ASSAFCETID.E._ Assafcetida Plas- 
ter. (Assafcet, Lead Plaster, aa lbj. Galbanum, 
Yellow Wax, aa lbss, Diluted Alcohol, Oiij. Dis- 
solve the Assafcetida and Galban. in the alcohol, in 



134 EMP 

a warm bath ; strain while hot, and evaporate to 
the consistence of honey; then add the lead plaster 
and wax previously melted together; stir well, and 
evaporate to a proper consistence.) 

Antispasmodic, anodyne. 

Use. In flatulence and hysteria, applied over the 
umbilical region. 

EMPLASTRUM BELLADONNA. Plaster of Bel- 
ladonna. (Emplastri Resinse giij, Extracti Bella- 
donna ^jss.) 

Sedative, anodyne. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism and local pains. 

EMPLASTRUM CANTHARIDIS. Plaster of the 
Spanish or Blistering Fly. (Take of the finely pow- 
dered Spanish Flies lbj, Yellow Wax, Resin, Lard, 
each Jviij ; mix and stir till cool.) 

Epispastic. 

Use. In every case where blisters are required. Heat 
destroys the acrimony of the flies; and therefore 
this plaster faib when incautiously prepared. It 
should be spread on leather, for a plaster, with the 
thumb, and never with a hot spatula. Perhaps the 
most certain mode of raising blisters would be to 
sprinkle the finely-powered flies on some farina- 
ceous paste, as suggested by Parmentier. In using 
this plaster, the part which it is to cover should be 
bathed with vinegar, and a piece of thin gauze 
pressed down on the surface of the plaster, inter- 
posed between it and the skin, by which means it 
is easily and cleanly removed. It requires to re- 
main applied twelve hours in order to produce a per- 
f p ft bli^tpr 

EMPLASTRUM FERRI. Plaster of Red Oxide of 
Iron: Strengthening Plaster. (R. Sub. Carb. Ferri 
giij, Emp. Plumbi lbij, Picis Burgund. lbss. M.) 

Strengthening, stimulant. 



EMP 65 

Use. Tn muscular relaxations, and in weaknesses of 
the joints after sprains. It acts chiefly in giving 
a mechanical support, by its stiffness and adhesive 
quality. 

EMPLASTRUM GALBANI C0MP03ITUM. Gal- 
banuui Plaster. (Galbani gviij, Emplastri Plumbi 
lbiij, Terebinthinae Vulgaris ^x, Abietis Resinae 
contritae gij. Melt the galbanum and turpentine 
together, then first add the pine resin, and after- 
wards the plaster, melted with a gentle heat, and 
mix all together.) 

Stimulant, suppurative. 

Use. To scrofulous tumours; old arthritic joints ; and 
to the lumbar regions in rickets. For the purposes 
of a digestive in discharged abscesses, when indu . 
ration remains. 

EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI. Mercurial Plas- 
ter. (Hydrarg. giij, Olivae Olei gj, EmplastrL 
Plumbi Lb j , Sulphuris gr. viij. Rub the sulphur 
with the heated oil, stirring constantly until they 
unite, then rub the mercury with them until the 
globules disappear; lastly, add gradually the lead 
plaster melted with a slow fire, and mix the whole 
together. The U. S. Phar. directs to take, Hy- 
drarg. ^yj, 01. Oliv., Resinae, aa gij, Emp. Plum- 
bi Ibj.) * 

Stimulant, resolvent, discutient. 
Use. To buboes and venereal tumours; nodes, when 
not painful to the touch and indurations; and to* 
joints affected with syphilitic pains. 

EMPLASTRUM OPII. Opium Plaster. (Opii gij, 
Abietis Resinae cont. giij, Emplast. Plumbi lbj, 
Aquae fg viij . To the plaster melted add the resin, 
the opium, and water, and boil the mixture with 
a slow fire to a proper consistence.) 

Anodyne, stimulant. 

6* 



66 EMP 

Use. Against internal pains. 

EMPLASTRUM PICIS BURGUNDLE. Burgundy 
Pitch Plaster. (Burgundy Pitch, lb. vi, Yellow Wax 
Jib.) 

EMPLASTRUM PICIS CUM CANTHARIDJE. 
Warming Plaster. (Burgundy Pitch, 8 J lbs., Blis- 
tering Plaster, J lb.) 

Useful in rheumatism, catarrh, hepatitis, &c. 

EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI. Lead Plaster. (Plumbi 
Oxidi in pulv. lbvj, Olivse Glei, cong. j, Aquae Oij. 
Boil together over a slow fire, stirring constantly 
until the oil and the oxide of lead form a plaster.) 

Defensive, slightly adhesive. 

Use. In excoriations; as a defence to slight wounds, 
and to retain their edges together; as a covering to 
corns ; and to form the basis of some other plaster. 

EMPLASTRUM RESIJSLE. Resin Plaster. Adhesive 
Plaster. (Resinse Flavse lbss, Emplastri Plumbi 
lbiij. Melt the plaster with a gentle heal, then add 
the resin, and mix.) 

Defensive, adhesive, slightly stimulant. 

Use. In retaining the lips of recent wounds together, 
that they may heal by the first intention; and to 
give support to ulcerated parts, to assist their gra- 
nulation, without rest. The plaster originally pre- 
pared by Mr. Baynton contained less re&in ; gvj only 
to Ibj of the litharge plaster. This preparation, 
however, answers the purpose equally well, except 
in very irritable habits. 

EMPLASTRUM SAPONIS. Soap Plaster. (Saponis 
concisi lbss, Emplast. Plumbi lbiij. Mix the soap 
with the melted plaster; and boil to a proper con- 
sistence.) 

Mildly discutient. 

*U&e. Applied to lymphatic tumours; and used with 
the same views as the mercurial plaster, but with 
much less effect. 



ERY 67 

EPIG.EA REPENS. Trailing Arbutus. Ground Lau- 
rel. 

Used in the same way as uva ursi and buchu. 

ERGOTA. Spurred Rye. 

Stimulant, acting chiefly on the muscular system of 
the uterus. Narcotic; a narcotico-acrid poison. 

Use. In parturition when the pains languish, and 
the uterine action becomes torpid, provided the os 
uteri be fully dilated, and the membranes ruptured. 
In leucorrhcea and uterine hemorrhage. 

Dose. Qj to gss in cases of parturition; gr. v to gr. 
x in leucorrhcea, three or four times a day. The 
most common way of giving Ergot is in decoction, 
gj of it bruised to §vj boiling water — boil ten mi- 
nutes; strain and sweeten, and give one third every 
half hour— in parturient cases. Or, of the Tincture 
made by digesting %sa in gvj Rectified Spirit four 
days, 3J — of the oil, from twenty to fifty drops. 

ERIGERON. Flea Bane. (E. Canadense.) 

Diuretic, tonic, astringent. 

Use. In dropsy and diarrhoea. Recommended in 
gravel and nephritic diseases, as well as dropsy. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gss to gj. Of the infu- 
sion, prepared in the proportion of |;j of the leaves 
to Oj boiling water, from f^ij to f.^iv. Aqueous 
extract, from gr. v to gr. x exevy few hours. 

ERYNGIUM. Button Snake Root. (E. aquaticum.) 

Diaphoretic, expectorant, emetic. 

Use. As an expectorant in pulmonary and catarrhal 
affections; its effects resemble those of Seneka Snake 
Root. 

ERYTHRONIUM. Dog's Tooth Violet. (E. Ameri- 
canum.) 

Emetic. 

Dose. From gr. xx to gr. xxx of the powdered re- 
cent bulb, proves emetic; a smaller dose, expecto- 
rant. 



68 EXT 

EUONTMUS ATROPURPUREUS. Burning Bush. 
Wahoo. 

Tonic, laxative, alterative, diuretic, expectorant. 

Dose. As a diuretic in dropsy; a wineglassful of de- 
coction or infusion (gj to Oj.) Fluid extract gj to 

33- 

EUPATORIUM. Thoroughwort. Boneset. (E.per- 
foliatum.) 

Tonic, diphoretic, emetic, aperient, according to dose. 

Use. As a diaphoretic in catarrh and rheumatism; 
in intermittents, and remittents, and inflammatory 
diseases ; as a tonic in dyspepsia and general debi- 
lity; given cold. 

Dose. As a tonic, from ^j to gj of the powdered 
leaves, or fjj to f^iv infusion; as a diaphoretic, 
every two hours, the infusion should be given warm, 
while the patient is covered in bed; as emetic and 
cathartic, a strong decoction, in doses of Oss or 
more. 

EUPHORBIA. Spurge. (E. corollata.) 

The root is emetic and cathartic. In small doses, dia- 
phoretic and expectorant. Inferior to ipecacuanha 
as to safety, and to antimony as to certainty. Ex- 
ternally vesicant. 

Dose. Of the powder from gr. x to gr. xx; as a ca- 
thartic, from gr. iij to gr. x. 

EXTRACTUM ACONITI. Extract of Aconite. 

Dose. 1 to 2 grs. 

EXTRACTUM ACONITI ALCOHOLICUM. 

Narcotic, diuretic. 

Use. In obstinate chronic rheumatisms and head- 
aches; agues, glandular swellings, convulsions; 
chronic uterine hemorrhages; neuralgia and spinal 
irritations. 

Dose. Gr. J night and morning, gradually increased 
to gr. v, in the form of pills. 



EXT 69 

EXTRACTUM BELLADONNA. Extract of Bella- 
donna. 

Narcotic; it is used in the same case3 as the plant. 

Dose, Gr. J gradually increased to gr. ij in pills. 

EXTRACTUM CANNABIS INDIOffi. 

Powerful narcotic, antispasmodic. 
Use. In neuralgia, gout, tetanus, &c. 

Dose. Variable as the extract varies. Gr. j every 2 
to 4 hours, gradually increased. 

EXTRACTUM CINCHONA. Resinous Extract of 
Bark. 

The same as the bark in substance. 
Use. In Ague, and every complaint for which bark 
is used. This is altogether a preferable prepara- 
tion to the watery extract ; the rectified spirit con- 
tains water enough to enable it to take up all the 
active principles of the drug; less heat is required 
to evaporate the menstruum. The expense of the 
spirit is the greatest objection to it. It is more 
grateful to the stomach than the water extracts. 

Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx in pills, or dissolved in some 
distilled water. 

EXTRACTUM COLCHICl ACETICUM. 

Use. The same as the bulb. 

Dose. Gr. j to gr. ij, two or three times a day. 

EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS COMPOSITUM. 

Compound extract of Colocynth. 

Cathartic, stimulant. 

Use. In obstinate visceral obstructions: habitual 
costiveness in leucophlegmatic habits; dropsies: 
worms. 

Dose. Gr. vj to gss, in pills. 

EXTRACTUM CONII. Extract of Hemlock. 

Narcotic, alterative, resolvent. 

Use. In scrofula, scirrhus, and cancer, particularly 
for allaying the pain of uterine cancer, without pro- 



70 EXT 

ducing costiveness, as opium does ; a useful addi- 
tion to mercurial salts in cutaneous complaints. 

Dose. Gr. iij gradually increased, twice or thrice a 
day. 

EXTRACTUM CUBEBJ3 FLUIDUM. Fluid extract 
of cubebs. 

Dose. irj? v to xxx, in water. 

EXTRACTUM GEtfTIANJE. Extract of Gentian. 

Tonic, stomachic; in large doses aperient. 

Use. In dyspepsia, jaundice, &c. ; but it is chiefly 
used as a medium for giving the metallic oxydes, in 
the form of pills; an excellent adjunct to ipecacu- 
anha in the latter stage of dysentery. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss twice or thrice a day. 

EXTR ACTUxM GLYCYRRHIZ^E. Extract of Liquo- 
rice. 

Demulcent. 

Use. In the tickling cough of catarrh it is perhaps 
the most useful of the demulcents, as it hangs about 
and sheaths the fauces. 

Dose, gj to spj ad libitum. 

EXTRACTUM HiEMATOXYLI. Extract of Log- 
wood. 

Astringent. 

Use. In diarrhoeas, the protracted stage of dysentery, 
and internal hemorrhages. It may be given clyster- 
wise in solution. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj in pills or dissolved in cinnamon 
water. 

Incomp. Alkalies and their carbonates; magnesia, 
carbonate of lime. 

EXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI. Extract of henbane. 

Narcotic. 

Use. In nervous affections, rheumatism, gout, chor- 
dees, obstinate ulcerations; and whenever it is re- 
quired to allay pain, and avoid costiveness, which 
opium is apt to induce. 



EXT 71 

Dose. Gr. ij. It has been increased to the extent of 
Jj twice a day. 

Ineomp. Astringent infusions and decoctions. 

EXTRACTUM JALAP-E. Extract of Jalap. 

Cathartic, hydragogue. 

Use. In costiveness, worms, dropsy, generally com- 
bined with soap or calomel. 

Dose. Gr. xto Qj in pills. To children the hard ex- 
tract is given, triturated with sugar or testaceous 
powders. 

EXTRACTUM JUGLANDIS. Extract of Butternut. 

Purgative, or laxative, according to dose. 

Dose. From gr. xx to gr. xxx, it acts as a mild ca- 
thartic. 

EXTRACTUM KRAMERLE. Extract of Krameria. 
Extract of Rhatany. 

A powerful astringent. 

Use. In chronic diarrhoea and internal hemorrhages. 

Dose. From gr. iv to Qj. 

EXTRACTUM NUCIS VOMICA. Extract of Nux 
Vomica. 

Stimulant. 

Use. In paraplegia, and other cases of partial para- 
lysis. 

Dose. From gr. J to gr. jss. 

EXTRACTUM PIPER1S FLUIDUM^ Fluid extract 
of Black Pepper. 

Dose. v% 1. 2. 

EXTRACTUM PODOPHYLLI. Extract of May Ap- 
ple. 

Purgative. 

Dose. From gr. v to gr. xv. 

EXTRACTUM QUASSLE. Extract of Quassia. 

Tonic. 

Use. In atonic dyspepsia, and general debility. 

Dose. From gr. v to gr. x. 



72 EXT 

EXTRACTUM RHEI. Extract of Rhubarb. 

Dose. 10 to 30 grs. 

EXTRACTUM RHEI FLUIDUM. Fluid extract of 
Rhubarb. 

Dose. fgss. 

EXTRACTUM SARSAPARILLA FLUIDUM. Fluid 
Extract of Sarsaparilla. 

Use. In the same cases as the powder of the root, espe- 
cially in secondary syphilis. 

Dose, f^j, twice or thrice a day. 

EXTRACTUM SARZiE. Extract of Sarsaparilla. (A 
strained decoction evaporated.) 

Oper. The same as the powder of the root, to the de- 
coction of which this extract is added, "to render 
it stronger and more efficacious." 

Dose. Gr. x to 7] in pills, or dissolved in the decoction. 

EXTRACTUM^SENNiE FLUIDUM. Fluid extract 
of Senna. 

Dose. f^ss. 

EXTRACTUM SPIGELIiE ET SENN^E FLUIDUM. 
Fluid extract of Spigelia and Senna. 

Dose, fgss, for an adult; fgj for a child 2 years old. 

EXTRACTUM STRAMONIl. Extract of Stramonium. 

A powerful narcotic. When taken in quantity suffi- 
cient to affect the system moderately, it produces 
more or less cerebral disturbance, such as vertigo, 
headache, dimness of vision, &c, with a disposition 
to sleep; has a laxative effect upon the bowels, and 
increases the secretion from the skin and kidneys; 
does not affect the pulse, but sometimes produces 
deranged sensations about the fauces, oesophagus, 
and trachea. 

Use. In asthma, pertussis, neuralgia, syphilis, can- 
cer, rheumatism, and other spasmodic affections. 

Dose. Gr. ss,in the form of pill, twiceorthrice a day. 

EXTRACTUM TARAXACI. Extract of Dandelion. 

Deobstruent, laxative, diuretic. 



FER 73 

Use. In jaundice, chronic inflammation, and incipient 
scirrhus of the liver, chronic derangements of the 
stomach, hypochondriasis, and dropsy. 

Dose. Gr. iv to gj united with sulphate of potassa. 

EXTRACTUM VALERIANAE FLUIDUM. Fluid 
extract of Valerian. 

FEL BOVINUM. Ox Gall (Inspissated.) 

Tonic, laxative. 

Use. In cases of deficient bile. 

Dose. Grs. v to x. 

FERRUM. Iron. 

Tonic, deobstruent; anthelmintic; producing fetid eruc- 
tations, owing to its meeting with acid in the sto- 
mach, which oxidizes it, and evolves sulphuretted 
hydrogen gas. 

Use. In general debility, dyspepsia, hysteria, chloro- 
sis, worms, and in passive hemorrhages. It can 
prove useful only when it is oxidized, which is 
known by the eructations and black faeces. 

Dose. Of the filings, gr. v toQj, with some aromatic 
powder ; or in the form of electuary with honey ; or 
pills with extract of gentian. 

Quevenne's Metallic Iron (Ferrum per hydrogen:) — the 
most useful form. Dose. — Gr. ij in pill after each 
meal. 

FERRUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Iron. 

An aperient chalybeate. 

Use. Amenorrhoea, epilepsy, scrofula, &c. 

Dose. 4 to 12 grs. several times a day. 

FERRI CITRAS. Citrate of Iron. 

A pleasant chalybeate. 

Dose. 5 grs. or more. 

FERRI FERROCYANIDUM. Prussian Blue. 

Tonic, febrifuge, alterative, 

Use. Intermittents, epilepsy, neuralgia. 

Dose. 3 to 5 grs. 
7 



74 FER 

FERRI IODIDUM. Iodide of Iron. 

Tonic, emmenagogue, deobstruent. 

Dose. Gr. i. to viii. 

Use. In all cases of debility, in scrofula, incipient 
cancer, amenorrhoea, secondary syphilis, mesente- 
ric obstructions. A bad form of the preparation, 
which should only be kept in solution. 

FERRI IODIDI SOLUTIO. Solution of Iodide of 
Iron. (The U. S. Phar. directs to take of Iodine 
gij, Iron Filings gj, Prepared Honey, f^v, Distilled 
Water a sufficient quantity. Mix the iodine with 
fgx of the distilled water, in a glass vessel, and 
gradually add the iron filings. Heat the mixture 
gently until the liquor acquires a light-greenish co- 
lour; then having added the honey, continue the 
heat a short time and filter. Lastly, pour distilled 
water upon the filter, and allow it to pass until the 
whole of the filtered liquor measures fgxx. Keep 
in closely-stopped bottles.) 

Use. The same as iodide. 

Dose. Ti£ xx tof^j. 

FERRI LACTAS. Lactate of Iron. 

Use, In chlorosis, &c. 

Dose. 1 to 2 grs., gradually. 

FERRI OXIDUM HYDRATUM. (Hydrate Oxide of 
Iron. Hydrate Sesquioxide of Iron.) (Sulphate of 
Irongiv, Sulphuric Acid fgiijss, Nitric Acid fgvj, 
or sufficient quantity, Solution of Ammonia a suffi- 
cient quantity, Water Oij. Dissolve the iron in the 
water, and having added the sulphuric acid, boil the 
solution; then add the nitric acid in small portions, 
boiling the liquid for a minute or two after each 
addition, until the acid ceases to produce a dark 
colour. Filter the liquid, allow it to cool, and add 
solution of ammonia in excess, stirring the mixture 



FER 75 

briskly. Wash the precipitate with water until the 
washings cease to yield a precipitate with chloride 
of barium, and keep it in close bottles with water 
sufficient to cover it.) 

Use. An antidote for poisoning with arsenic and its 
salts ; acts by combining with arsenious acid, and 
rendering it insoluble. 

Dose. 5J frequently repeated. This preparation of 
iron will remove arsenic from its solution in water, 
by adding 12 grains of it for every grain of the ar- 
senic. Of course, it must be given in large quan- 
tities, and proportioned to the quantity of arsenic 

FERRI PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Iron. 

Use. A valuable tonic in amenorrhcea, and some 
forms of dyspepsia ; also in intermittents. 

Dose. Gr. v to gr. x. 

FERRI ET POTASSJE TARTRAS. Tartrate of Iron 
and Potassa. 

Tonic, deobstruent. 

Use. This is one of the mildest of the salts of iron, 
and so palatable, that children may be easily per- 
suaded to take it. In scrofulous tumours, weakened 
bowels, &c. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss in powder or bolus, mixed with 
any aromatic, or with columba. 

Incomp. Potassse sulphuretum, infusions of oak bark, 
galls, or other astringent vegetables. 

FERRI ET QUINIiE CITRAS. Citrate of iron and 
Quinia. (Quinia j|j, Acidum Citrici gij, Ferri Ci- 
tras gv, Aquae fjxij — heated together, stir, and 

' avoid ebullition — evaporate, and spread on glass to 
dry.) 

I se. Tonic. 

Dose. Grs. v or more, 3 times a day, in solution or 
pill. 

FERRI RAMENTA. (Iron Filings.) 



76 FRA 

FERRI SUBCARBONAS. 

Tonic, emmenagogue, alterative. 

Use. It is advantageously employed in tic douloureux 
and other forms of neuralgia, dyspepsia, chlorosis, 
chorea, and lately has been much recommended in 
cancer. One of our best chalybeates. 

Dose. Gr. v to gss united with myrrh, bitter extract, 
or some aromatic. 

Incomp. Acids and acidulous salts. 

FERRI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Iron. 

Tonic, emmenagogue, astringent, anthelmintic; in 
large doses emetic. 

Use. In diseases of general debility, amenorrhoea, 
•with a weak, languid pulse ; diabetes; in clysters 
against ascarides. 

Dose. Gr. j to gr. v, combined with myrrh, ammo- 
niacum, and bitter extracts. 

Incomp. The earths, chloride of calcium, chloride of 
barium, alkalies and their carbonates, biboras sodse, 
nitras argenti, acetas plumbi, soaps, tannin. 

FICUS. Figs. 

Nutritious, laxative, demulcent. 

FILIX. Male Fern Root. (Aspidium filiz mas.) 

Anthelmintic. 

Use. In tinea lata, and cucurbitina: but perhaps 
more is to be attributed to the active purgatives 
with which it is generally followed. 

Dose, spj to giij of the solid part of the powdered root 
taken in the morning, and soon after it a strong ca- 
thartic of gamboge or jalap, worked off with green 
tea. This was Madame Nouffier's celebratedremedy . 

FCENICULUM. Fennel. (F. vulgar e.) 

Carminative, diuretic. 

Use. In flatulencies. 

Dose. Qj. to 3J. bruised, to Oj. boiling water. 

FRASERA. American Columbo. {F. Walteri.) 

A mild and valuable tonic. 



GAU 77 

Use. In all cases where a pure tonic is needed. 

Dose. Of the powder, from £ss to 3J : of the infusion 
made with gj of the bruised root to Oj boiling water, 
§j to ?'J several times a day. 

GALBANUM. Galbanum Gum- Resin. 

Internally antispasmodic, deobstruent, expectorant ; 
externally resolvent, discutient. 

Use. In hysteria, particularly that which attends ir- 
regular and deficient menstruation ; chlorosis, ex- 
ternally to indolent tumours. 

Dose. Gr. x to 3J in pills, or emulsion. 

GALIUM APARINE. Cleavers. Goose-grass. 

Expressed juice aperient, diuretic, antiscorbutic. 

Dose, giij, twice a-day. 

GALL^E. Galls. 

Powerfully astringent, tonic. 

Use. They have been used in diarrhoea, intestinal he- 
morrhages, and intermittents ; but they are princi- 
pally employed in gargles and injections; and the 
powder to form an ointment for piles, in the pro- 
portion of gij to lard gij, and powdered opium gj. 

Dose. When exhibited internally, gr x to ^j, twice 
or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Lime water, potassse carbonas, plumbi ace- 
tas, et diacetatis, cupri sulphas, argent! nitras, ferri 
iodidum, ferri sulphas, antimonii potassio-tartras, 
hydrargyri nitras, hydrargyribichloridum, infusuni 
cinchonas, solution of isinglass, solution of opium ; 
all of which precipitate the infusion of galls. 

GAMBOGIA. Gamboge. 

Drastic cathartic, emetic, hydragogue, anthelmintic. 

Use. In visceral obstructions and dropsy. In tape- 
worm, with carbonate of potassa. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x in powder, with calomel, squills, &c. 

GAULTHERIA. Partridge Berry. (G. procumbens.) 

Stimulant, cordial, astringent, emmenagogue. 



78 GEU 

Use. In diarrhoea, amenorrhoea; but chiefly to flavor 
other medicines. 

Dose. Of the infusion, f^ij to f^iv; oil, ^ij to ^x. 

GELSEMINUM SEMPERVIRENS. Yellow Jessa- 
mine. 

An excellent febrifuge. 

Used in neuralgia, headache, chorea, &c. 

Dose. Fluid extract, 3 to 20 drops. 

GENTIANA. Gentian Root. (G. lutea.) 

Tonic, stomachic, in large doses aperient; antiseptic. 

Use. In dyspepsia, hysteria, jaundice; gout, united 
with aromatics ; chlorosis, with chalybeates ; and 
dropsies, with squill and neutral salts. Externally 
in putrid ulcers. 

Dose. Gr. x to Qij. Vide Infusion, &c. 

GERANIUM. Crane's Bill. (G. maculatum.) 

A powerful astringent. 

Use. Diarrhoea, and in the second stage of dysentery 
after evacuants ; cholera infantum ; passive hemor- 
rhages. An elegant remedy in cases of infants, or 
of persons with very delicate stomachs. Locally, 
to indolent ulcers, an injection in gleet and leucor- 
rhoea, a gargle in relaxation of the uvula and aph- 
thous ulcerations of the throat. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gr. xx to gr. xxx ; of the 
decoction, from %j to gij. It may be given to chil- 
dren boiled in milk. 

GEUM. Water Avens. (G. rivale.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, passive hemorrhages, 
general debility. 

Dose. Of the powdered root, from Q j to ^j three times 
a day; of the decoction, made with gj of the root 
to Oj of water, from fgj to f^ij; a weak decoction 
is sometimes made by invalids as a substitute for 
coffee.- 



GRA 79 

GILLENIA. Indian Physic. American Ipecac. [G. 

trifoliata.) 

Emetic, cathartic; in small doses tonic. 

Use. As a mild emetic where such medicines are in- 
dicated; as a substitute for ipecacuanha. 

Dose. Of the powdered root, as an emetic, from gr. 
xx to gr. xxx, repeated every twenty minutes, till 
it operates ; as alterative and tonic, from gr. v to gr. 
xv. 

GLYCERINE. Glycerin. Sweet principle of oils. 

Demulcent, antiseptic. 

Use. Externally, in skin diseases, &c. 

GLYC YRRHIZ A. Liquorice Root. ( G. glabra. ) 

Demulcent. 

Use. In catarrh ; but it is generally combined with 
other mucilages, and is a pleasant and useful de- 
mulcent. 

Dose. Of the powder, gss to gj. 

GNAPHALIUM MARGARITACEUM. Life Everlast- 
ing. 

Used as tea in pectoral and bowel complaints, and as 
poultice in bruises, &c. 

GOLD. Aurum. 

The preparations of gold are powerfully alterative, 
and have been but little studied. 

GOSSYPIUM. Cotton. (G. herbaceum.) 

Used in burns and to blisters, but often acts as an ir- 
ritant in such cases. A solution of gun cotton in 
e.ther forms collodion. A fluid extract used as em- 
menagogue and abortive. 

GRANATUM. Pomegranate Bark and flowers, and 
bark of the root. (Punka granatum.) 

Astringent, Anthelmintic. 

Use. In chronic and colliquative diarrhoeas, and the 
protracted stage of dysentery ; for tapeworm ; ex- 
ternally, as an injection in leucorrhoea, and gargles 
in angina. 



80 HEL 

Dose. In substance, gss to gj ; of a decoction fffss, 
every three hours. 

Ineomp. Sulphate of iron, iodide of iron, nitrate of 
silver, acetates of lead. 

GUAIACI RESINA ET LIGNUM. Guaiacum Resin 
and wood, (G. officinale.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic; in large doses purgative. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous dis- 
eases, and the sequela of lues venerea. 

Dose. To produce its first effects, gr. v to^j in pills, 
or in emulsion made with mucilage or yolk of egg; 
to purge, gr. xv to gj, in the same form. 

Ineomp. The mineral acids. 

ILEMATOXYLUM. Logwood. (H. campechianum.) 

Astringent ? tonic. 

Use. In the protracted stage of diarrhoea and dysen- 
tery, under the form of decoction. (R. Of the 
shavings gj, water Oij. Boil to Oj and strain.) 

Dose, f^j to f^ij every three or four hours. 

Ineomp. The mineral acids, acetic acid, solution of 
alum, sulphate of iron and of copper, acetate of 
lead, antimonii potassio-tartras. Opium, Decoction 
of Cinchona Flava. 

HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. Witch-hazel. 

Astringent, sedative, discutient. 

Used in hemorrhages and piles. For the latter equal 
parts of this bark; white oak and bark of the apple 
tree, in decoction, made up with lard. 

HEDEOMA. Penny Royal. (H. pnlegioides.) 

An aromatic stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, emme- 
nagogue. 

Dose. Of infusion, ad libitum. Oil from trj^j to n£x. 

HELONIAS DIOICA. Starwort. False unicorn. 

Tonic, diuretic, vermifuge. 

The bulbous root efficacious in atony of the generative 
organs. 



HUM 81 

Dose, In powder, giss three times a day. May be 
used in tincture and syrup. 

HELLEBORUS. Black Hellebore Root. (H. niger.) 

Cathartic, hydragogue, emmenagogue. 

Use. In mania and melancholia, dropsy, and in sup- 
pression of the menses in plethoric habits; but it 
may be questioned whether it is equal to jalap, &c. 
It is seldom got genuine. 

Dose. Gr. x to J) ij purge strongly; to produce its other 
effects, gr. ij to gr. iij three times a day. Seldom 
used in substance. 

HEPATICA. Liverwort. (H. Americana.) 

Demulcent, slightly tonic, astringent, diuretic, andde- 
obstruent: has no very active virtues. 

Use. In chronic coughs, haemoptysis, and hepatic af- 
fections. The empirical preparations of this plant 
owe their efficacy to opium, which they contain in 
considerable quantities. 

HERACLEUM. Masterwort. {H. lanatum.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In epilepsy, attended with flatulence and gastric 
disorder. 

Dose, gij to giij of the powdered root daily, long 
continued, with a strong infusion of the leaves at 
bed-time. 

HEUCHERA. Alum Root. (H. Americana.) 

Very astringent. 

Use. Where astringents are indicated ; as a local ap- 
plication to ulcers and cancer; also as a styptic. 

HUMULUS. Hops. {H. lupulus.) 

Narcotic, anodyne, diuretic. 

Use. In gout and rheumatism ; under the form of in- 
fusion in the proportion ofgssto Oj of boiling water; 
but the extract is preferable. The powder, formed 
into an ointment with laid, is said to ease the pain 
of open cancer. A pillow stuffed with hops is an 



82 HYD 

old mode of procuring sleep in the watchfulness of 
delirious fever. Its power has been overrated. 

Dose. Gr. iij to Qj united with ^ss of cinnamon wa- 
ter, twice or thrice a day; of the infusion, gjss. 

HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS. Hydrangea. 

Proposed as a specific in gravel, or beginning of cal- 
culi. 

Dose. Fluid extract gi to ^ij. 

HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. Cor- 
rosive Sublimate. 

Stimulant, antisyphilitic, alterative. 

Use. In venereal complaints with the greatest ad- 
vantage, when a quick and general action is re- 
quired ; but its effects are not permanent. In le- 
pra, combined with antimonials ; and in chronic 
rheumatism. Dissolved in the proportion of gr. iij 
to water Oj, as a gargle in venereal sore throats ; 
and a little stronger we have found it useful as a 
gargle in breaking the abscess in cynanche tonsil- 
laris. It is applied externally to tetters, and for 
destroying fungus; gr. iv in water Oj is a good 
wash in scabies. It may be given clyster wise, 
when the stomach will not bear it. Great caution 
is necessary in using it externally. 

Dose. Gr. 1-12 to J, made into a pill. When swallowed 
as a poison, the best antidote is white of egg. — . 
(Orfila.) 

Incomp. Vide Liquor Bichloridi. 

HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. Chloride of 
Mercury, or Calomel. (A chloride by sublimation.) 
Calomelas. (In prescribing, it is perhaps safest to 
use the term Calomelas.) 

Antisyphilitic, alterative; in large doses purgative. 

Use. In venereal diseases and chronic hepatitis, com- 
bined with opium ; in scrofula with cicuta; in con- 
vulsive affections with opium, camphor, assafcetida, 



HYD 83 

&c. ; in dropsies with squill, foxglove, and elaterium ; 
and in rheumatism and lepra with antimonials, gua- 
iacum, and other sudoritics. As a purgative in any 
case not attended with intestinal inflammation; ge- 
nerally united with purgatives, as gamboge, scam- 
mony, jalap, or rhubarb. 

Dose. Gr. j. to gr. ij, night and mcrning, in a pill; if 
it do not purge, it gradually excites ptyalism : gr. 
iij to gr. x purge. Children bear larger doses than 
adults proportionately. 

Incomp. Nitric and hydrochloric acids, alkalies, and 
their carbonates, lime-water, soaps, sulphurets, 
iron, lead, copper. The bicarbonates of the alkalies 
do not decompose it. 

HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM. Viride Iodide of Mercury. 
Protiodide of Mercury. 

Excitant, alterative. 

Use. In strumous affections and lepra : as an exter- 
nal application. The iodides of mercury are among 
our most powerful alteratives, uniting in their ef- 
fects the properties of both their constituents. They 
affect the mouth more speedily than other mercu- 
rials, and are particularly indicated in scrofula 
and secondary syphilis, in scrofulous habits. Ex- 
ternally, they are used successfully in ulcers, ill- 
conditioned sores, swelled joints, where we wish to 
promote the action of the absorbents ; and neural- 
gic affections. 

Dose. Gr. J to gr. ij, in pill or dissolved in alcohol. 

HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM. Red Iodide 
of Mercury. (Biniodide of Mercury. ) 

Dose. Gr. 1-16 to J. 

HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM NIGRUM. Black Oxide 
of Mercury. 

In scrofula, cutaneous affections, and as an alterative 
in venereal diseases. 

Dose. Gr. \ to J. 



84 HYD 

HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM NIGRUM. Sul- 
phuret of Mercury. Ethiops Mineral. 

Alterative. 

Use. In scrofula and cutaneous diseases. 

Dose. Gr. v to £ss. 

HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM RUBRUM. Cin- 
nabar. 

Sometimes used in fumigation as a sialagogue. 

HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS FLAVA. Yellow Sul- 
phate of Mercury. (Turpeth Mineral.) 

Prop. A lemon-yellow powder, almost insoluble in 
water; entirely dissipated by heat, sulphuric acid 
being evolved, and metallic globules sublimed. 

HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM. Ammonio-chlo- 
ride, or White Precipitated Mercury. White preci- 
pitate. (A binoxide, combined with bichloride of 
mercury and ammonia, forming a triple salt.) 

Detergent. 

Use. As an external application, united with lard, in 
scabies, and some other cutaneous affections. 

HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA. Mercury with 
Chalk. (A protoxide, formed by trituration with 
carbonate of lime. Take of Mercury giij, Prepared 
Chalk g v. Rub together till all the globules disap- 
pear.) 

Alterative, antisyphilitic. 

Use. In porrigo, and other cutaneous affections; in 
venereal complaints its operation is so slow and 
weak as to merit no attention. An alterative in 
visceral diseases of children, especially in chronic 
diarrhoea and cholera infantum. 

Dose. Gr. v. to gss. twice a day, in any viscid sub- 
stance. 

Incomp. Acids and acidulous salts. 

HYDRARGYRUM CUM MAGNESIA. Mercury with 
M agn esia. (A protoxide, formed by trituration with 
carbonate of magnesia.) 



HYO 85 

In every respect this preparation resembles the for- 
mer; the employment of the carbonate of magnesia 
instead of chalk, does not alter the properties nor 
the virtues of the remedy. 

HYDRARGYRUM NITRICO-OXYDUM. Hydrargyri 
Oxydum Rubrum. Nitric Oxide of Mercury. Red 
Oxide of Mercury. Red Precipitate. 

Stimulant, escharotic. 

Use. In the proportion of gr. ss to sugar gr. iv, it is 
blown into the eye to remove specks on the cornea ; 
applied to chancres and foul ulcers, to cleanse 
and stimulate them, either sprinkled on the part in 
fine powder, or united with lard into an ointment. 

HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. Yellow Root. 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In infusion, as collyria, to old ulcers, in gonor- 
rhoea, gleet, &c. 

Dose. Injection of infusion, (^ss Hydrastis, in pow- 
der, §viii Cold Water) four or five times a day, after 
urination, in gonorrhoea and gleet, fgj of fluid ex- 
tract, in dyspepsia, &c. 

HYPERICUM PERFORATUM. St. Johnswort. 

Astringent. 

Used in domestic practice in doses of 31J of the sum- 
mits. 

HYOSCYAMI FOLIA ET SEMINA. Henbane Leaves 
and Seeds. (H* niger.) 

Narcotic, anodyne, antispasmodic, slightly stimulant. 

Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, palpitation, palsy, mania, 
and scirrhus, as a substitute for opium to procure 
sleep in nervous habits, pertussis, asthma, catarrh, 
gout, rheumatism, externally as a cataplasm in can- 
cer and glandular swellings; and to dilate the pu- 
pil, or in fine powder sprinkled in cancerous sores, 
to allay pain. 

8 



86 INF , 

Dose. Gr. iij to gr. x of the powder; but generally 
the extract is preferred. 

ICHTHYOCOLLA. Isinglass. Sounds of the swim- 
ming bladders of fishes, as the Weak Fish and Cod, 
but especially the different species of sturgeon. 

Nutritive, demulcent, externally adhesive. 

Use. As a diet for the sick and convalescent, and in- 
fants troubled with acidity of the primoe viae. As 
an article of diet and in cholera infantum, far prefer- 
able to vegetable farinaceous substances, as arrow 
root, &c. The English court-plaster is made with it. 

Incomp. Astringent vegetable infusions, carb-potash, 
alcohol. 

ILEX OPACA. American holly. 

The bitter principle, ilisin, has been proposed as a 
substitute for quinia. 

IMPATIENS FULVA. Touch-me-not. 

An ointment made by boiling the plant in lard, used in 
piles. 

INFUSUM ANGUSTUR^E. Infusion of Cusparia. 
(Cusparios Gort. contusi^v, Aquse Fervent, Oj. Ma- 
cerate for two hours and strain.) 

Tonic, antiseptic. 

Use. In febrile diseases, obstinate bilious diarrhoea, 
and dysentery, after proper evacuations. 

Dose, fgj to f^ij three or four times a day. 

Incomp. Infusion of galls, and of catechu; tartar eme- 
tic; sulphates of iron and of zinc; nitrate of silver, 
bichloride of mercury, acetates of lead. 

INFUSUM ANTHEMIDIS. Infusion of Chamomile 
(Anthemidis^v, Aq. Fervent., Oj. Macerate for ten 
minutes in a covered vessel and strain.) 

Tonic, emetic when taken warm. 

Use, The cold infusion in dyspepsia, hysteria, and 
other complaints attended with debility of the sto- 
mach; the warm is employed either alone to excite 



INF 87 

gentle vomiting, or to assist the operation of other 
emetics. 

Dose, fgj to fjjij. 

Incomp. Isinglass; infusions of yellow cinchona; so- 
lutions of sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, bichlo- 
ride of mercury, acetates of lead. 

INFUSUM ARMORA.CUE. Infusion of Horse Ra- 
dish. (Armor, concisse, Sinapis contusi, sing. gj. 
Spiritus Armor aciae Comp. fgj, Aquae Ferv. Oj. 
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, then 
strain, and add the Spir. Armoracise Comp.) 

Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. In paralysis, scorbutus, chronic rheumatism, 
and dropsies occurring after intermittents. 

Dose, fgj to fgiij three or four times a day. 

Incomp. Carbonate of Alkalies, bichloride of mer- 
cury, nitrate of silver, infusion of galls, and of cin- 
chona. 

INFUSUM BUCHU. (Foliorum Diosmse gj, Aquas 
Ferventis Oj. Digest for four hours, and strain 
through cloth.) 

Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. In chronic inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane of the bladder. 

Dose, f^i to f^ij twice or thrice a day. 

INFUSUM COLOMBO. Infusion of Calumba (Ca- 
lumbge concisge £v, Aquae Ferv. Oj. Macerate for 
two hours in a slightly-covered vessel, and strain.) 

Tonic without stimulating; antiseptic. 

Use. In dyspepsia and cholera, the vomiting of which 
it checks: in bilious remittent fever; to check the 
nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; and the severe 
diarrhoea and vomiting often attending dentition; 
in the hectic of phthisis, to correct acrimony, and 
strengthen the digestion; and in the low state of 
puerperal fever. 

Dose, f^jss to f^ij three or four times a day. 



88 INF 

Incomp. Antimonii potassio-tartras, hydrargyri bi- 
chloridum, nitras argenti, acetas plumbi; infusion 
of cinchona. 

INFUSUM CARYOPHYLLI. Infusion of Cloves. 
(Caryophyl. contus. giij, Aq. Fervent. Oj. Mace- 
rate in a covered vessel for two hours, and strain.) 

Stimulant, tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In atonic gout, when the stomach is affected ; 
and flatulant colic. 

Dose, fgjss to f^ij three or four times a day. 

Incomp. Sulphas ferri; sulphas zinci; antimonii po- 
tassio-tartras; nitras argenti ; acetas plumbi; infu- 
sion of cinchona. 

INFUSUM CASCARILUE. Infusion of Cascarilla. 
(Cascarilla Cort. cont. giss. Aq. Ferv. Oj. Macerate 
for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In alvine fluxes, particularly after measles; in 
the aphtha gangrenosa of children. 

Dose, f^jss to f^ij for adults twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Infusions of galls, and yellow cinchona; 
lime-water; solutions of sulphate of iron, nitrate of 
silver, acetates of lead. 

INFUSUM CATECHU COMPOSITUM. Infusion of 
Catechu. (Catechu Extracti^j, Cinnam. Cort. con- 
tusi, gj, Aqure Fervent. Oj. Macerate for an hour, 
and strain.) 

Astringent, stomachic. 

Use. In diarrhoeas from a laxity of the bowels. 

Dose, f^j to f t ^ij every three hours, or after every 
loose stool. 

Incomp. Tartar emetic, sulphate of iron, snlphate of 
zinc, solution of isinglass, infusion of cinchona, the 
strong acids, bichloride of mercury. 

INFUSUM CINCHONA. Infusion of Cinchona. 
(Cinch. Crot. contusi gj, Aquge Ferv. Oj. Macerate 
for six hours, and strain. L. The Comp. Inf. of 






INF 89 

Per. Bark of the U. S. Phar. is prepared in the same 
manner, adding gj aromatic sulphuric acid.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In dyspepsia and convalescence. 

Dose, fjj to f^ij united with some aromatic tinc- 
ture, or a mineral acid three or four times a day. 

Incomj). Tartar emetic, sulphates of iron and of zinc, 
nitrate of silver and bichloride of mercury, acetates 
of lead. Decoction of gall, lime-water, carbonates 
of alkalies, and infusions of almost all the vegeta- 
ble bitters. 

INFUSUM CINCHONA CUM SUCCO LIMONUM. 
Infusion of Cinchona with lemon Juice. (Cinchonse 
in pulvere gj, Succi Limonum fgij, Tinct. Cam ph. 
Comp. fgiij, Aquse Frigidse Oj. Macerate for twelve 
hours in a covered vessel, and strain.) 

Use. In cases requiring bark, attended with great 
irritability of stomach. 

Dose, f^j to f^ij. 

INFUSUM DIGITALIS. Infusion of Foxglove. (Di- 
gitalis Fol. exsiccat. gj, Spir. Cinnamomi gj, Aq. 
Ferv. Oj. Macerate for four hours, strain.) 

Diuretic, sedative. 

Use. In dropsies, humoral asthma, phthisis pulmo- 
nalis ; and in diseases of increased action. 

Dose, fjss to fgj every eight or ten hours, till it af- 
fects the kidneys, the pulse, stomach, or bowels; 
and then stopped. 

Incom,p, Sulphas ferri, acetas plumbi; infusion of 
yellow cinchona. 

INFUSUM EUPATOBII. Infusion of Thoroughwort. 
(R. Of Thoroughwort, the dried herb, 5J, Boiling 
Water Oj. Macerate two hours in a covered vessel, 
and strain. 

Cold tonic; when warm, diaphoretic, emetic. 

Use. As a diaphoretic, in catarrh and colds, drank 
8* 



90 INF 

freely, warm. The cold Infusion is an excellent, 

mild tonic, in dyspepsia and intermittents. 
Dose, f^j to f^ij three or four times a day. 
INFUSUM GENTIANiE COMPOS 1TUM. Compound 

Infusion of Gentian. (Gentianae Rad. concisae, Au- 

rantii cort. exsic, sing, gij, Limonis Cort. recent. 

giv. Aq. Ferv. Oj.) 
Tonic, stomachic. 
Use. Iu dyspepsia and chlorosis, united with chaly- 

beates, or with alkalies ; diarrhoea and gout, with 

absorbents and aromatic tinctures ; and in dropsy, 

with squill and neutral salts. 
Dose, fjjss to fgij three times a day. 
Incomp. Acetates of lead. 
INFUSUM KRAMERLE. Infusion of Rhatany. 

(Krameriae gj, Aquae dest. ferv. Oj. Macerate for 

four hours in a covered vessel and strain.) 
Tonic, astringent. 
Use. In chronic diarrhoea; as a gargle in relaxation 

of the uvula. 
Dose, f^iss to f^ij. 
INFUSUM LINI. Infusion of Linseed. (Lini Sem. 

contus. ^vj, Glycyrrh. Rad. con. gij Aquae Ferv. 

Oj. Macerate for four hours, near the fire, and 

strain.) 
Demulcent. 
Use. In catarrh, pneumonic affections, strangury, 

gonorrhoea; and after operations on the urethra or 

the bladder. 
Dose. A tea cupful ad libitum. 
Incomp. Alcohol, acetates of lead. 
INFUSUM HUMULL Infusion of Hop. (Lupuli gvj 

Aquae dest. ferv. Oj. Macerate for four hours, and 

strain. ) 
Tonic, slightly nareotic 
Dose, fgj to fgij. 
INFUSUM PRUNI VIRGINIANS. Infusion of Wild 






INF 91 

Cherry Bark. (Take of Wild Cherry Bark bruised 
gss, Cold Water Oj. Macerate for twenty-four hours, 
and strain.) 

Tonic, and antispasmodic, narcotic. 

Use. As a touic, where there is much nervous exci- 
tability, with a debilitated condition of the stomach 
and bowels, together with general or local irrita- 
tion. Improves the appetite, induces sleep, calms 
nervous irritability, and allays the action of the 
heart and arteries. Highly useful in the hectic fe- 
ver of scrofula and consumption, dyspepsia, inter- 
mittents, &c. 

Dose, fgij to fgiij three or four times a day. 

INFUSUM QUASSLE. Infu-ion of Quassia. (Quas- 
sias concisas ^ij, Aquae Ferv. Oj. Macerate for 
two hours, and strain.) Cold water often prefer- 
able. 

Tonic, antiseptic. 

Use. In bilious fevers, united with alkaline salts ; 
hysteria, with camphor and tincture of valerian, 
gout, with aromatics and ginger; and in dyspepsia, 
with sulphate of zinc, or with mineral acids. 

Dose, fgj to fgij twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Acetas plumbi, nitras argenti. 

INFUSUMRHEI. Infusion of Rhubarb. (Rheicon- 
cisi giij, Aq, Ferv. Oj. Macerate for two hours in 
a covered vessel and strain.) 

Purgative, stomachic. 

Use. In costiveness ; and, united with ginger and 
aromatics, in diarrhoeas from weakness of the bowels. 

Dose, fjj to f^iij, united with neutral salts; f^ss 
with tinct. of cinnamon, where its stomachic effect 
only is required. 

Incomp. Solution of isinglass, infusion of yellow cin- 
chona, all the strong acids, nitrate of silver, bichlo- 
ride of mercury, acetates of lead, sulphate of iron, 
tarter emetic, magnesia. 



92 INF 

INFUSUM R0S,EC0\1P0S1TUM. Infusion of the 
Rose. (Rosse Gallica3 Petal, exsicc. £iij, Aquse 
Ferventis Oj, Acidi Sulph. dilut. f^jss, Sacch. Purif. 
£vj. After pouring the water on the petals, in a 
glass vessel, add the acid, and macerate for half an 
hour; then strain, and add the sugar.) 

Sub-astringent, refrigerant. 

Use. In the colliquative sweats of phthisis ; and, 
with additional acid and some nitre, in uterine and 
pulmonary hemorrhages; topically as a gargle in 
cynancbe tonsillaris. The infusion is an elegant 
vehicle for many active remedies, particularly sul- 
phate of magnesia, the nauseous taste of which it 
covers. 

Dose, f^iss to Oss every three or four hours. 

Incomp. Sulphates of iron and of zinc, alkalies, 
earths. 

INFUSUM SARSAPARTLL^. Infusion of Sarsapa- 
rilla. (Rad. Sarsaparilla, previously washed in cold 
water and sliced ^j Aqua?, dest. by measure Ibj, 
Macerate for twelve hours in a closed vessel, occa- 
sionally agitating, then strain.) 

Use. The same as the decoction. 

Dose, f^iv, twice a day. 

INFUSUM SENNJE. Infusion of Senna. (Senna? 
Fol. £xv, Zingiberis con. Qiv, Aquoe Ferv. Oj. 
Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and 
strain.) 

Purgative. 

Use. In costiveness, and to move the bowels in acute 
diseases: the ginger counteracts the griping quality 
of the senna. It is generally united with neutral 
purgative salts and manna. 

Dose, fgj to f^iv. 

Incomp. The same as of infusion of serpentaria, and 
also all salts having potassa for a base. 



INU 93 

INFUSUM SERPENTARIiE. Infusion of Virginia 
Snake Root. (Serpentariae ^iv, Aquae dest. fervent. 
Oj. Macerate in a covered vessel for four hours, 
and strain. 

Excitant, diaphoretic. 

Dose, fgj tofgij. 

Jncomp. Strong acids, lime-water, the Alkaline car- 
bonates, solutions of nitrate of silver, bichloride of 
mercury, acetates of lead, tartarized antimony, and 
infusion of yellow cinchona. 

INFUSUM SPIGELUE. Infusion of pink root. (R. 
Root gss, Boiling Water Oj. Macerate two hours.) 

INFUSUM TABACI. Infusion of Tobacco. (Tabaci 
fol. gj, Aquae Ferv. Oj. Macerate for an hour in 
a covered vessel, and strain.) 

Sedative, antispasmodic, 

Use. As a clyster in ileus, colica pictonum, strangu- 
lated hernia, and retention of urine from spasm of 
the urethra. It is, however, a very dangerous re- 
medy, and not over one-third of Oj. should be ad- 
ministered at once. 

INFUSUM ULMI. Infusion of Slippery-Elm Bark. 
R. Bark of Slippery Elm gj, Boiling Water Oj. 
Macerate for two hours. 

INFUSUM VALERIANAE. Infusion of Valerian. 
(Valerianae giv, Aquae Ferv. Oj. Macerate for half 
an hour, and, when cold, strain.) 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In hysteria, when the stomach will not bear the 
powder. 

Dose, fgiss to fgij twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Nitrate of silver, sulphate of iron, infusion 
of yellow cinchona. 

INULA. Elecampane. (/. helenium.) 

Tonic, diuretic, expectorant. 



94 IPE 

Use. In dyspepsia, paralysis, dropsies, asthma. 

Dose. £)j to 3J in powder. 

IODIUM. Iodide. 

Stimulant, absorbent, emmenagogue, alterative. 

Use. In bronchocele and other glandular swellings, 
not of scirrhous nature, scrofula, dropsy, cutaneous 
diseases, secondary syphilis, rheumatism, gout, he- 
patitis: to bring on menstruation in young females 
in whom it has not occurred; to assist the cicatri- 
zation of venereal ulcers. 

Dose. From gr. 1-6 to gr iv, made into pills, with 
crumbs of bread. 

IODO-HYDRARGYRATE OF POTASSIUM (Iod. 
Potass, grs. iiiss. Biniodide mercury grs. ivss 
Aqua destil.; fjj. Dissolve first the red Iod. 
mere, then the Iod. Potass. — This solution con- 
tains grs. viii.) 

Use. In pulmonary complaints, dyspepsia, amenor- 
rhcea, &c. Increases all the secretions. A most 
admirable remedy. 

Dose. 2 to 10 drops of the solution three times a day, 
in syr. sarsaparilla. 

IPECACUANHA RADIX. Ipecacuan Root. (Cephoe- 
lis Ipecac. 

Emetic in large doses; sudorific, expectorant, in 
smaller. 

Use. To produce vomiting in the commencement of 
fevers, phthisis, inflammatory diseases, buboes, 
swelled testicles, and before the paroxysms of ague : 
to excite nausea in dysentery, asthma, pertussis, 
hemorrhages, pneumonia, and combined with opi- 
um, to produce diaphoresis in rheumatism, gout, 
and febrile disorders. 

Dose. For the first intention, gr. xx, alone, or 
united with tartar emetic gr. j ; for the second, gr. 
j to gr. iij; and the third, gr. jj to gr. vj, with opi- 
um gr. j. 



7r, 



J UN 95 



Incomp. Vegetable acids, astringent vegetable infu- 
sions. 

IRIS FLORENTINA. Florentine Orris. 

Peculiar fragrant odour, bitterish, acrid taste. 

Oper. Cathartic, emetic, diuretic. 

Use. In dropsy ; but chiefly used for its fragrance in 
tooth-powder, to correct an offensive breath ; to keep 
up a discharge from issues in the form of small 
round balls. 

IRIS VERSICOLOR. Blue Flag. 

Cathartic, emetic, diuretic. 

Use. But seldom euployed, owing to the distressing 
nausea and prostration it occasions. 

Dose. Dried root, gr. x to gr. xx. 

JALAPA. Jalap. (Ipomeajalapa.) 

Cathartic; the resinous part gripes violently. 

Use. In costiveness, mania, worms, and as ahydra- 
gogue in dropsy. It is also a good adjunct to 
quicken the operation of the chloride of mercury, 
and other purgatives of slow operation. A drop of 
essential oil prevents its griping. 

Dose. Gr. x to gss in pills or a bolus. 

JUGLANS. Butternut. («/. cinerea.) 

Cathartic; operating without pain or irritation, re- 
sembling rhubarb. 

Use. In habitual costiveness; fevers, combined with 
calomel; hepatic diseases with dandelion. 

Dose. Gr. xx to gr. xxx as a purge, gr. v. laxative. 

JUXIPERUS. Juniper Fruits and Tops. (J. com- 
munis.) 

Diuretic, carminative, diaphoretic? 

Use. In dropsies ; but they cannot be depended on 
alone, although they are an admirable adjunct to 
digitalis and squills. 

Dose. 3J to 3 SS ? triturated with sugar, three or four 
times a day. The best form of exhibiting the fruit 



96 LAC 

is an infusion made with giij bruised, and boiling 
water Oj. 

JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA. Red Cedar. 

Stimulant, emmenagogue, diuretic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In amenoi rhoea, chronic rheumatism, dropsy ; 
externally, as an irritant ointment, made by boiling 
the fresh leaves in twice their weight of lard, and 
adding a little wax; or the dried leaves may be 
mixed with six times their weight of resin cerate. 
Applied to blistered surfaces to keep up a purulent 
discharge; inferior to the savine. 

KALMIA LATIFOLIA. Mountain Laurel. 

Has been used in diarrhoea, syphilis, and cutaneous 
eruptions; but is too dangerous. 

KINO. (Pterocarjms marsupium.) 

Astringent. 

Use. In obstinate chronic diarrhoeas ; uterine, intes- 
tinal, and pulmonary hemorrhages, fluor albus. 

Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx in powder; or in solution of 
the powder £j, mucilage of gum f^j, cinnamon 
water fgv ; two tablespoonfuls occasionally. Vide 
Tinct. 

Incomp. The mineral acids, alkalies, and their car- 
bonates ; acetates of lead, nitrate of silver, tartar 
emetic, sulphate of iron, bichloride of mercury. 

KOOSO. Flowers of Brayera anthelminrica. 

An Abyssinian vermifuge of great repute. 

Dose. ;fss to an adult, followed by a cathartic. 

KRAMERIA. Rhatany Root. (K. triandra.) 

Astringent, diuretic, detergent. 

Use. In dysentery attended with bloody stools; in 
ulceration of the gums, and as a stomachic in dys- 
pepsia. 

Dose. J^ss to £j in powder. 

LACTUCARIUM. 

Narcotic, diaphoretic. 



LIM 97 

U&. In coughs, phthisis pulinonalis, and ail painful 
affections. 

Dose. From grs. ij to grs. vj. 

LACTUCA SATIVA. Garden Lettuce. 

The inspissated juice, called Laaucariitm, is chiefly 
employed. 

Anodyne, sedative, narcotic; similar to opium. 

Dose Grs. v to grs. xx. An uncertain medicine. 

LAPPA. Burdock. (L. minor.) 

Aperient. Diaphoretic. 

Dose. Of decoction, (gij bruised root in Oiij water 
boiled to Oij.) Oj during the day. 

LAVANDULA. Lavender Flowers. (L. vera.) 

Stimulant, slightly errhine. 

Use. When the oil is extracted and united with proof 
spirit, it is xery useful in faintings, paralysis, and 
as an adjunct to stomachic bitters. The dried leaves 
were used, formerly, to produce a discharge from 
the mucous membrane of the nose, but are now neg- 
lected. 

LEONTICE THALICTROIDES. Blue Cohosh.^ 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, anthelmintic; exerts a special-in- 
fluence en the uterus. 

Useful in chronic uterine disease. 

Do9$i Fluid extract 15 ts> 40 drops. 

LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA. Culver's Physic • 

Violent cathartic, emetic. 

LIATS1S SPICATA. Button Snake-root. 

Diuretic^ cholagogue, laxative. 

Dose. Fluid extract 7j to ^ij. 

LIMOGES: SUCCUS, BACC^I, CORTEX, OLEUM*. 
Lemons; the bark, the juice, and the oil. [Citrus 
limonum.) 

Juice refrigerant, antiseptic; bark and oil excitant. 
Use. The juice as a beverage, diluted with water. 
9 



$8 LIN 

and sweetened, is useful in febrile and inflamma- 
tory complaints, cooling and quenching thirst : alone 
or combined with wine, in scorbutus; with cam- 
phor mixture, decoction of cinchona, or wine, in 
putrid sore throats, remittent fevers, diabetes, and 
lieateria; and with common salt, in dysentery and 
colics. 

Dose, f^ij, or more, twoor three times a day ; diluted 
ad libitum. 

LINIMENTUM AMMONLE. Liniment of Ammonia. 
(Liquoris Ammoniae fgj, Olivje Olei f^ij. Shake, 
them together until they mix.) A soap. 

Stimulant, rubefacient, diaphoretic. 

Use. In cynanche tonsillaris, spread on a piece of 
flannel, and applied around the throat. When the 
skin is very irritable, a larger proportion of oil is 
requisite. 

LINIMENTUM CALCIS. Liniment of Lime-water. 
(Olei Lini IMtafc., Aquae Caleis, utriusque partes 
sequales. Mix.) A soap. 

Cooling, emollient. 

Use. To burns and scalds, spread thick upon lint, 
and applied over the affected parts. 

LINIMENTUM CAMPHOK^ Camphor Liniment. 
(Camphors gj, Olivse Oleifjiv. Dissolve.) 3J con- 
tains grs. xv of camphor. 

Stimulant, anodyne. 

Use. To glandular swellings, sprains, bruises, and 
joints affected with chronic rheumatic pains; ap- 
plied by friction. 

LINIMENTUM CAMPHORS COMPOSITUM. Com- 
pound Camphor Liniment. (Carnphorse gijss, Liq. 
Ammoniac fgvijss, Spir. Lavandula? Oj.) 

Stimulant, anodyne. 

Use. To sprains, bruises, and chronic rheumatic pains. 



LIN 99 

Incomp. All acids, water. 

LINIMENTUM CANTHARIDIS. Liniment of Spa- 
nish Flies. (R. Spanish Flies in powder gj, Oil of 
turpentine Oss. Digest for three hours by means 
of a water bath and strain. 

LINIMENTUM HYDRARGYRI COMPOSITUM. 
Mercurial Liniment. (Ung. Hydrarg. fort., Adipis, 
Praeparatre, sing, giv, Camphoreegj, Spir.Rect, fgj, 
Liquoris Ammonias fgiv. First rub the camphor 
with the spirit, then add the ointment and lard, and 
lastly, gradually, the solution.) 

Stimu^nt, discutient. 

Use, To parts affected with chronic venereal pains, 
nodes, and tophi; to indolent swellings, and to dis- 
cuss collections of fluids; gj rubbed on the affected 
parts night and morning. 

LINIMENTUM OPII. Liniment of Opium. (Linim. 
Saponis f§yj, Opii Tinct. fgij. Mix.) 

Use. To allay pains; and to procure sleep, when 
opium cannot be taken into the stomach. 

LINIMENTUM SAPONIS CAMPHORATUM. Opo- 
deldoc. Compound soap liniment. (Saponis Duri 
§iij, Camphors §j, Spir* Pvosmarini f^xvj.) 

Stimulant, anodyne. 

Use Against local pains; rubbed on the part. With 
the addition of Tincture of Spanish Flies, and of 
opium, this liniment is of great use in allaying the 
violent pains of colic, and procuring sleep. 

LINIMENTUM TABACI. Liniment of Tobacco. (Ta- 
baci concisi j|j, Adipis Itvj. Simmer the tobacco in 
the lard over a gentle fire until it becomes crisp, aLd 
strain.) 

Stimulant, narcotic. 

Use. In tinea capitis, scabies, hemorrhoids. 

LINIMENTUM TEKEBINTHIN.E. Turpentine Li- 
niment. (Saponis gij, C amphorae gj. 01. Terebin- 
thina? f^xvj. Melt the cerate, and stir in the oil.) 



100 LIQ 

Stimulant. 

Use. To burns. 

LINUM. Flaxseed. (L. usitatissimum .) 

Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In catarrh, dysentery, strangury, &c, as enema 
and as poultice. 

Dose. Of decoction, ad libitum. 

LIQUOR ALUMINIS COMPOSITUS. Compound 
Solution of Alum. (Alum Zinci Sulphas aft ^j, 
Water Oiij.) 

A powerful astringent. 

Use. To foul ulcers. In gleet and leucorrhoea. As 
coilyrium f^ss to f^viss Rose Water. 

LIQUOR AMMONITE. Solution of Ammonia. (Am- 
monite Hydrochloratisgx, Calcis ^viij, Aquae Oij.) 

Stimulant, antacid, rubefacient. 

Use. Largely diluted, in asphyxia, acidities of the 
priniae viae, and in hysteria; externally it is applied 
to the nostrils in faintings; a rag moistened with it 
and laid over the scrobiculus cordis, sometimes 
raises an instantaneous blister, and always proves 
useful in spasms and gout of the stomach. A lini- 
ment composed of camphor gj dissolved in olive oil 
f5J and liq. ammon. fgij, is an excellent application 
to parts affected with deep-seated inflammation. 
(Granville's Lotion.) 

Dose. TTgv to ^xxx, diluted with water or milk. 

Incomp. All the metallic salts; the acids; sulphas 
aluminis. 

LIQUOR AMMONITE ACETATIS. Solution of Ace- 
tate of Ammonia. Spirit of Mindererus. (Ammo- 
niae Sesquicarbonatis Bjivss, Aceti Destillati Oiv, or 
add the salt till the acid be saturated.) 

Sudorific ; externally, cooling, astringent. 

Use. Diluted, in febrile and inflammatory complaints; 
as a lotion in inflamed surfaces, sprains, and frac- 



LIQ 101 

tures; diluted with rose-water, a good collyrium; 
andstillmore diluted, an injection in the commence- 
ment of gonorrhoea. 

Dose, fgij to f^xij every three or four hours. 

Incomp. Acids, alkalies, nitras argenti. 

LIQUOR ARSENICI ET HYDRARGYRI IODIDI. 

Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury. Dono- 
van's Solution. (Iodide of Arsenic, Red Iodide of 
Mercury ail xxxv grs., Distilled Water Oss. Rub 
the iodides with fgss of water; when dissolved add 
the rest, boil, and filter.) 

Alterative in skin diseases. 

Dose. 5 to 10 drops, three times a day. 

LIQUOR BARII CHLORIDI. Solution of Chloride 
of Barium. 

Deobstruent and anthelmintic. 

Use. In cancer and scrofula. 

Dose. 5 droos, cautiously increased. 

LIQUOR CALCIS. Lime-water. (Lime giv, Water 
one gallon. Stir together, and decant when clear.) 

Antacid, tonic, astringent. 

Used with two parts of milk in dyspepsia. 

LIQUOR CALCIS. Solution of Lime. (Calcis ifoss. 
Apua3 Destillatae Oxij. Add a little of the water to 
the lime, and when slaked add the remainder, and 
shake them together; then cover the vessel, and let: 
it stand three hours; then bottle it, lime and water, 
in stopped bottles; and when it is to be used, take 
the clear solution.) Aqua Calcis. 

Antacid, anthelmintic; externally, detergent. 

Use. Diarrhoea, diabetes, fluoralbus; dyspepsia, wheiii 
much acid is in the stomach; in slimy bowels and 
worms ; externally as a lotion to foul and cancerous 
nlcers ; also in tinea capitis and scabies, but with 
little advantage. 

9* 



102 L I Q 

Dose, f^j to f^vj with milk. When long used in 
dyspepsia, it should be discontinued at intervals. 

Incomp. Acids, alkaline carbonates, tartar emetic, 
barytes, tartrates and citrates. Infusions of orange- 
peel, calumba, cinchona, rhubarb, and senna. 

LIQUOR CALCII CHLORIDL Solution of Chloride 
of Calcium. (Chloridi Calcis §iv, Aqua Dest. f^xij. 
Or, take of Marble in fragments §ix, Muriatic Acid 
Oj, Distilled Water a sufficient quantity. Mix the 
acid with Oss distilled water, and gradually add the 
marble. Towards the close of the effervescence, 
apply a gentle heat; and when the action has ceased, 
pour off the clear liquor and evaporate to dryness. 
Dissolve the residuum in its weight and a half of 
distilled water, and filter the solution.) 

Use. The same as the chloride. 

Dose, n^xl tof&ij. 

LIQUOR IODIN1I COMPOSITUS. Compound Solu- 
tion of the Iodide of Potassium. (Iodide of potas- 
sium ten grains, iodine five grains, distilled water 
one pint. Mix and dissolve. Or, R. Iodine §vj, 
Iodide of Potassium 3Jss, Distilled Water Oj. Dis- 
solve.) 
.Prop. Brown color; smell, taste, and reaction upon 
starch, the same as iodine. 

Use. In scrofulous affections, bronchocele. and se- 
condary syphilis. 

Dose. From m?ij. to n^vi. 

LIQUOR LABARRAQUII CHLORO-SODICUS. 
Chloro-Sodaic Solution of Labarrque. (Dissolve 
gr. 2187.5 of pure crystallized carbonate of soda in 
f^xx of distilled water, and saturate the solution 
with chlorine gas.) 

Antiseptic, astringent, tonic. 

. Use. For disinfecting foul air, destroying animal pu- 
trefaction ; an excellent lotion for chilblains, fetid 



LIQ 103 

ulcers, and gangrenous sores; and the best lotion 
in ptyalism yet discovered. Internally in dysen- 
tery. 

Dose. From rr^xx to f^j in a cupful of water ; for a 
lotion or gargle, fgxij in f?vj of distilled water. 

LIQUOR MAGNESLE CITRATIS. Solution of Ci- 
trate of Magnesia. (Carb. Magnes. gv, Citric Acid 
^viiss, Syrup of Citric Acid fgij, Water q. s. Dis- 
solve the acid in f giv water, and add ^iv carbonate, 
previously rubbed with fjiij water. Filter into a 
gxii strong glass bottle, into which the syrup was 
previously introduced. Rub the remaining carb. 
magnes. with fgij water, pour it in the bottle, and 
cork tightly.) 

A cooling cathartic. 

Dose. f§xii or fgvi as a laxative. 

LIQUOR MORPHLE ACETATIS. Solution of Ace- 
tate of Morphia. (Take of acetate morphia grs. 
xvj, distilled water f^vj, dilute acetic acid fgij. 
Mix.) 

Use. The same as that of the solid acetate. 

Dose. From irgvj to Kgxxxvj in any bland vehicle. 

*.£* The addition of the acid prevents the decompo- 
sition of the acetate, which always occurs when the 
solid acetate is dissolved in water. 

LIQUOR MORPHINE SULPHATIS. Solution of Sul- 
phate of Morphia (8 grs. to Oss Water.) 

Dose, f^j to f^ij, containing ^ to J gr. Magendie's 
solution contains 16 grs. to fgj. ' 

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETAS. Solution of Dia- 
cetate of Lead. (Plumbi Acetatis tbij et §iij, Plum- 
bi Oxydi in pulv. triti. Ibj et giv, Aquae Ovj. Boil 
for half an hour, occasionally stirring, and when 
the solution cools, make up the quantity to Ovj; 
strain.) 

Externally, cooling, astringent, discutient. 

Use. Diluted with forty times its quantity of distilled 



104 LIQ 

water, it is a useful application to phlegmonous in- 
flammations and burns; and still more diluted, it 
forms a good collyrium, and a wash for the mouth 
in salivation. 

Incomj). Mucilaginous solutions or decoctions ; com- 
mon pump water. 

LIQUOR POTASS.E. Solution of Potash. (Potassa? 
Carbonatis 5XV, Calcis §viij, Aquse Dest. Ferv. con- 
gium. Dissolve the alkali in cong. ss of the water, 
sprinkle a little water on the lime to slake it, and 
add the rest of the water. Mix the whole ; set the 
mixture aside in a close vessel, and when it is cold, 
decant, and keep the decanted fluid in well-stopped 
phials of green glass. 

Lithontriptic in some cases; antacid: diuretic; ex- 
ternally escharotic, stimulant. 

Use. The reputation of alkalies in calculus is not so 
high as formerly: potassa acts on uric calculi, and 
therefore may be useful in nephritic calculus; but 
its chief use is in preventing the formation of uric 
acid. It neutralizes acids in the stomach, and al- 
lays irritability of that organ; it is useful in lepra 
vulgaris, psoriasis, and some other cutaneous com- 
plaints. Externally, diluted as a lotion in rachitis 
and gouty swellings. 

Dose, tt^x to f^j in chicken broth or beer, three or 
four times a day. When used to counteract acidity, 
a bitter should be united to it. 

Incomp. Acids, metallic salts, sesquicarbonate, ace- 
tate, and hydrochlorate of ammonia, chloride and 
bichloride of mercury. 

LIQUOR POTASSJE ARSENITIS. Arsenical Solu- 
tion. (Arseniosi Acidi in frustula triti, Potassa 
Carbonatis, sing. grs. lxxx, Aq. Destil. Oj. P>oil 
them together in a glass vessel until the arsenious 
acid is dissolved. When the solution is cold, add 



LIQ 105 

Spir. Lavand. Comp. f^v, and as much distilled 
crater as will make up the whole to one pint.) 

Tonic, antiperiodic. 

Use. The same as the arsenious acid ; in protracted 
rheumatism, where there is much debility, and the 
joints much affected. 

Dose, fr^iv gradually increased to ^x twice a day. 

Incomp. Mineral acids, hydrosulphuric acid, acidu- 
lous salts, hydrosulphates and sulphurets, salts of 
calcium, lime-water, alum, salts of magnesia, salts 
of iron, silver, and copper, decoction and tincture 
of cinchona. 

LIQUOR POTASSJE CARBONATIS. Solution of 
Carbonate of Potassa. (Potassae Carbonatis 5 xx, 
Aqufe Destillatie Oj.) Dissolve and strain. 

Antacid, diuretic. 

Use. In acidity of the stomach: most advantageous 
when united with myrrh. (IJ. Pulv. Myrrhas gj, 
Liq. Potasses Carbonatis f^iv. Infuse for four days, 
filter through paper, and give it in the same doses 
as the liquor. 

Dose, tt^x to fsg in anv bitter infusion. 

LIQUOR POTAbSdE C1TRATIS. U. S. Neutral Mix- 
ture. (R. Fresh Lemon Juice Oas, Carbonate Po- 
tas^as q. s * saturate ^ 

LIQUOR SOCLE CHLORINATE. Solution of Chlo- 
rinated Soda. (Sodas Carbonatis lbj. Aq. Dest. 
f^xlviij, Sodii Chloridi ^;iv, Manganesii Binoxydi 
^iij, Acidi Sulph. ^iv. Dissolve the carbonate of 
Soda in one pint water, then put the chloride of so- 
dium and the binoxide of manganese in powder into 
a retort, and add the sulphuric acid, diluted with 
ffiij of water, when cold. Apply heat, and trans- 
mit the chlorine through the solution of carbonate 
of soda.) 

Astringent, antiseptic. 

Use. In typhus, or in other low fevers, largely diluted ; 



106 MAG 

to destroy fetor and tendency to putrefaction in the 
bowels. A disinfecting agent. 

LIRIODENDRON. Tulip-Tree Bark. (L. tulipifera.) 

Tonic, diaphoretic, stimulant. 

Use. In intermittents, chronic rheumatism, dyspep- 
sia. 

Dose. Of the powders, gss to gij. Infusion, fgj to 

LOBELIA. Indian Tobacco. (L. inflata.) 

Emetic, purgative, expectorant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In the paroxysms of asthma ; in croup, hooping- 
cough. 

Dose. In powder, gr. iv to gr. xx; infusion, fgj, tinc- 
ture u^xv to tr^xxx. 

LYCOPUS. Bugle Weed. (L. Vlrginicus.) 

Narcotic, tonic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In affections of the lungs, quiets irritation, al- 
lays cough, diminishes the pulse. 

Dose. Of the infusion, ad libitum. 

MAGNESIA. Magnesia. (Obtained from Carbonate 
of Magnesia, by exposure to a strong heat ) Mag- 
nesia Usta. 

Antacid; laxative, when it meets with acids in the 
stomach. 

Use. In heart-burn, aphthee,and other acidities : pre- 
ferable to chalk when the bowels are costive. Some- 
times it is given in dysentery, combined with ipeca- 
cuanha and opium, and followed by successive 
draughts of lemonade. 

Dose. Grs. x to gj occasionally in water or milk. 

Incomp. Acids, metallic salts; hydrochlorate of am- 
monia. 

MAGNESIAS CARBONAS. (Prepared from Sulphate 
of Magnesia by Carbonate of Soda.) 

Antacid ; laxative, when it meets with acid. 
Use. The same as that of magnesia ; but owing to the 



MAR 107 

carbonic acid, it sometimes occasions unpleasant 
distention. 

Dose, fgss to gi] in water. 

MAGNESIiE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Magnesia. 
(Obtained from sea-water: magnesian lime-stone.) 

Purgative, diuretic. 

Use. In all cases which, require purgatives. It ope- 
rates without griping, and, when united with infu- 
sion of roses acidulated, will sit on the stomaeh 
when all other things are rejected. The less it is 
diluted, if a draught of warm water be taken an 
hour afterwards, the better and more easily it ope- 
rates. An adjunct to clysters. 

Dose, gss to gj. In clysters, gjss to giij. 

Incomp. The fixed alkalies and their carbonates, lime- 
water, chloride of barium, nitrate of silver, acetates 
of lead. 

MAGNOLIA. Magnolia. (31. glauca, &c.) 

A gently stimulating aromatic tonic, and diaphoretic. 

Use. In intermittents, chronic rheumatism, and gas- 
tric debility. 

Dose. Of the powdered bark, gss to gj often repeated. 
The infusion is less efficient. 

MALVA. Common Mallow. (Malva sylvestris.) 

Demulcent, similar to Liuum. 

MANGANESII OXIDUM. Oxide of Manganese. 

Use. In syphilis, scurvy, itch, and porrigo. 

Dose. 3 to 20 grs. in pill, Ointment gij to gj Lard. 

MANNA. Manna. (Ornus Europcea.) 

Laxative; apt to gripe. 

Use. As a purgative for children, who readily take it 
on account of its sweetness; but more generally it 
is used as an adjunct to other purgatives. 

Dose, gss to gij alone, or dissolved in fluid purga- 
tives. 

MA. RANT A. Arrowroot. (4. arundinacea.) 



108 MEL 

When boiled with water or milk, it forms a mild, nu- 
tritious article of food, well adapted for infants and 
convalescents; a tablespoonful into Oj of water. 

MARRUBIUM. White Horehound. (Jf. vulgar e.) 

Tonic, diuretic, laxative; emmenagogue? 

Use. In hysteria, chronic catarrh, and pituitous 
asthma ; obstruction of the catamenia ; seldom used. 

Dose. In powder gss to 5J ; of the expressed juice, 
f^ss to tfjss; or of this infusion (Marrub. Fol. 
gss, Aquae Ferv. Oj) a large glassful twice or thrice 
a day. 

MASTICHE. Mastich (resinous tears of Pistacia.) 

Use. Formerly in place of turpentine — now chiefly 
in ethereal solution, to stop carious teeth. 

MATRICARIA. German Chamomile (flowers of M. 
Cham.) 

Similar to chamomile in effects. 

MAT ICO. [Piper angusi/oUum.} 

Aromatic, tonic, stimulant, styptic. 

Dose, ^ss to gij, three times a day. 

MEL. 'Honey. 

Aperient, externally detergent; stimulant. 

Use. Seldom used internally as a medicine; but when 
freely eaten it is apt to produce colic; externally as 
an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsillaris; in 
aphthae ; sometimes applied to foul ulcers. 

MELDESPUMATUM. Prepared Honey, (Take of 
Clarified Honey Oss, Diluted Alcohol Oj. Prepared 
Chalk gss. Having mixed the honey and diluted 
alcohol, add the prepared chalk, and allow the mix- 
ture to stand for two hours, occasionally stirring it. 
Then heat it to ebullition, filter, and by means of a 
water-bath evaporate the clear liquor, so that when 
cold it may have the specific gravity 1-32.) 

MEL ROSxE. Rose Honey. (Rosae Gallic* Exsic- 
cate gij, Aquae Ferv. Oss. Mellis Despum. Oij. In- 



MEZ 109 

fuse the roses six hours ; add the strained liquor to 
the honey, and evaporate to a proper consistence in 
a water-bath.) 

Astringent, detergent. 

Use. Chiefly in gargles, in ulceration, and inflam- 
mation of the mouth and fauces (R. Mellig Rosas 
gj, Acidi Hydrochloric! tc£xxx, Aquae fgvj ; forms 
a good detergent in aphtha gangrenosa ; as a vehicle 
for other remedies in infantine diseases.) 

MELISSA. Balm. (31. officinalis.) 

Stomachic, diuretic. 

Use. Made into tea; it is used as diluent in febrile 
diseases, seldom used in substance. 

Dose. Of the powder, grs. x to Qij. 

MENTHA PIPERITA. Peppermint. 

Stomachic, carminative. 

Use. Vide under Oleum Menthae Piperitae. 

Dose. Grs. x. to 3j ; scarcely ever in substance. 

MENTHA VIRIDiS. Spearmint. 

Stomachic, carminative. 

Use. Vide under Oleum Menthae Viridis. An infu- 
sion of it is a good diluent in febrile diseases. 

Dose. Grs. x to gj ; scarcely ever used in substance. 

MENYANTHES. Buck Bean. (M. trifoliata.) 

Tonic, diuretic, purgative ; in large doses emetic. 

Use. In intermittents, arthritic and chronic rheuma- 
tic affections, and in cachectic and herpetic dis- 
eases. 

Dose. 9J *° Zi °f tne dri e( l leaves powder : f Jj to 
f^jss of the intusion. (Menyanth. fol. sic. gss 
Aquae Oss.) 

MEZEREUM. Mezereon Bark. (Daphne mezereum.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, in large doses emetic. 

Use. In venereal diseases, but its efficacy is doubt- 
ful. It is sometimes useful in the sequelae of sy- 
philis; in chronic rheumatism, lepra and scrofulous 
10 



110 MIS 

swellings; and chewing frequently thin slices of 
the recent root has been found useful in palsy of 
the tongue; externally, the fresh bark soaked in 
vinegar is useful for keeping open issues. 
Dose. Of the powder, gr. j, gradually increased to 

grs. x. 
MISTURA AMMONIAC L Mixture of Ammoniac. 
(Ammoniaci £v, Aqure Oj. Rub the ammoniacum, 
adding the water gradually, until they are perfectly 
mixed.) 

Use. The same as of the ammoniacum. 

Dose, f^ss to fgj united with ipecacuanha, tincture 
of squills, &c. 

mcomp. Bichloride of mercury, acetate of potassa, 
oxymel, ether, spirit of nitric ether. 

MISTURA AMYGDALAE. Almond Mixture. (Con- 
fectionis Amygdalae §ijss, Aq. Destillatse Oj. Rub 
together, adding the water by degrees, and strain.) 
Or, take of Sweet Almonds 5 ss, powdered Gum Ara- 
bic ^ss, sugar gij, Distilled Water, 5viij. Mace- 
rate the almonds in water, and Laving removed 
their external coat, beat them with the gum Arabic 
and sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are tho- 
roughly mixed; then rub the mixture with the dis- 
tilled water gradually added, and strain. 

Demulcent, cooling; if the bitter almond be used, se- 
dative. 

Use. In catarrh, gonorrhoea, strangury, hectic fever. 

Dose, fgss to Oss, ad libitum. 

Incomp. Acids, and all acidulous salts, spirit, tinct- 
tures, spirits of nitric ether, and common pump 
water. 

MISTURA ASSAFCETIDxE. Mixture of Assafcetida. 
(Assafcetidae gv, Aquae Oj. Rub together, adding 
the water by degrees.) 

The same as of the gum resin. 



MIS 111 

Use. In hysteria; and in spasmodic and convulsive 
affections, when pills cannot be swallowed. As a 
clyster in the irritations of the bowels which occur 
during dentition, and those produced by ascarides 
and in ischuria. 

Dose, fjj to fgss frequently repeated during a pa- 
roxysm of hysteria, or the continuance of spasm. 

MISTURA CRETiE. Chalk Mixture. (Cretaa p. 
gss, Sacchari pur. giij, Mist. Acacia f§jss, Aquae 
Cinnamomi fgxviij. Mix.) 

Antacid, absorbent. 

Use. In acidities of the stomach, particularly those 
attending dentition, provided the bowels be kept 
open; in diarrhoeas, united with opium and catechu. 

Dose. f§j to f^ij every three or four hours, or after 
every liquid motion. 

MISTURA FERR1 COMPOSITA. Compound Mix- 
ture of Iron. (Myrrhee cont. gij, Potassae Carb. 
^j. Aq. Rosas fgxviij, Ferri Sulph. cont. Qijss. 
Spir. Myristicas fgj, Sacch. pur. gij. Rub together 
the myrrh, carbonate of potassa, and sugar; then 
add, while triturating, the rose-water, the spirit of 
nutmeg, and, lastly, the sulphate of iron. Pour 
the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and stop it 
close.) 

Tonic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In all cases in which preparations of iron are 
useful; particularly in hysteria and chlororis, de- 
pending on weak arterial action, after unloading 
the stomach and bowels. 

Dose, fgj to fgij twice or three times a day. 

Incomp. Acids, vegetable astringents. 

MISTURA GLYCYKRHIZJE COMPOSITA. Brown 
Mixture. (Liquorice, Gum Arabic, and sugar aa 
§ss. water fgxii rubbed together; add Tinct. Opii 
Camph. fgij, Vin. Antim. fgj. Sp. Eth. Nit. fgss ) 



112 MUC 

Demulcent, narcotic, expectorant. 

Use. A popular cough mixture. 

Dose. A tablespoonful, p. r. n, 

MONARDA. Horsemint. (iH punctata.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, and sick stomach. 

MORPHIA. Morphia. 

Narcotic, excitant. 

Use. Chiefly to prepare the more soluble salts. Dis- 
solved in oil, and rubbed upon the skin, it produces 
narcotic effects. 

MORPHLE ACETAS. Acetate of Morphia. 

Narcotic. 

Dose. From J of grain to gr. J: endermically, gr. ss 
to grs. iij to the skin, where the cuticle has been re- 
moved by a blister. 

MORPHLE MURIAS. Muriate of Morphia. 

As a narcotic, it is preferable to the acetate. 

Dose. Gr. £. 

MORPHLE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Morphia. 

Powerfully narcotic and sedative. 

Use. In all cases requiring the use of opium. 

Dose. From vr. i to gr. J. 

*.£* It is distinguished from sulphate of quinia, which 
it resembles, by becoming red when treated with 
concentrated nitric acid. 

MOSCHUS. Musk. 

Stimulant, antispasmodic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In spasmodic affections, as hysteria, singultus, 
pertussis, trismus, and epilepsy. In typhus attend- 
ed with subsultus tendinum ; in cholera it checks 
the vomiting; and it arrests the progress of gan- 
grene. It raises the pulse, and excites the nervous 
system without heating. 
Dose. Grs. ij to gss, every three or four hours. 
MUCILAGO ACACLE. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. 



NAP 113 

(giv of Pulv. Acacia to Oss Boiling Water,) gss of 
gum in each fg — fgss sufficient for a gvi or gviij 
mixture. 

MUCILAGO TRAGAOANTHiE. Mucilage of Traga- 
canth. (Gummi Astragali Tragacanthas Triti gij, 
Aq. Bull, f^viij. Macerate for twenty-four hour^, 
then triturate till the gum is dissolved, and press 
through linen cloth.) 

Use. In pharmaceutical purposes. 

MUCUNA. Cowhage. (M. pruriens.) 

Vermifuge. 

Dose. Mixed with molasses, a teaspoonful to a table- 
spoonful every morning for three days, followed by 
a cathartic. 

MYRISTICA. Nutmegs, Mace, and the Essential Oil. 
(Jf. moschata.) 
Stimulant, stomachic, narcotic in large doses. 

Use. To relieve nausea aud vomiting, and to check 
diarrhoea; but chiefly to give flavor to other reme- 
dies. Being narcotic, they are hurtful in apoplec- 
tic and paralytic habits. 

Dose. Of the nutmeg and mace, grs. v to gj; of the 
oil, trtfj totrjjvj. 

MYRRH A. Myrrh. [Balsamodendron myrrha.) 

Stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. In cachectic complaints, humoral asthma, chro - 
nic catarrh aod phthisis pulmonalis unattended by 
hectic or much active inflammation. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^j in powder, united with nitre, cam- 
phor, sulphate of potassa, sulphate of zinc, or of 
iron. 

]N T APTHA. Petroleum. 

Use. A stimulating antispasmodic and sudorific, given 
in disorders of the chest, especially in the West In- 
dies; for the tape-worm in Germany, by mixing one 
part petroleum with one and a half parts Tinct. As- 
10* 



114 OLE 

safoetida, of which 40 drops are given three times 
a day. Latterly recommended highly in the cure of 
consumption. Also in cutaneous diseases. 

Dose. Mix Qj naptha, suspended by a small quantity 
of boiling alcohol, in giv simple syrup, and give a 
teaspoonful every fifteen minutes till expectoration 
is fully established. Mix J)iij naptha with ^xxx 
lard and supply in tinea, psoriasis, &c. 

British oil is made by mixing the following ingre- 
dients: — r&. Olei Terebinth, f^viij. Olei Lini f^viij, 
Olei Succinifgiv, OleiJuniperi f^iv, Petrolei Bar- 
badeus f^iij, Petrolei American (Seneca Oil) ^j. 
Mix. 

NUX VOMICA. Vide Strychnos. 

OLEUM AMYGDAL/E. Oil of Almonds. (Expressed 
from both sweet and bitter almonds.) 3 XV J °^ a *" 
monds yield §v of oil. 

Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In catarrh and coughs, united with water by 
means of mucilage and sugar, or a few drops of li- 
quor ammonioe. An injection composed of oil of 
almonds f^iv, and solution of subacetate of lead 
ir^viij, is said to be useful at the commencement of 
gonorrhoea. 

Dose, fgss to f 5J, Oil of bitter almonds \ of a drop 
to a drop, on account of the hydrocyanic acid it con- 
tains. 

OLEUM ANISI. Oil of Anise. 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic. 

Dose, "n^v to ^xv, rubbed up with sugar and cam- 
phor mixture. 

OLEUVI .ETHEREUM. Ethereal Oil. Heavy Oil 
of Wine. * 

An ingredient of Hoffman's anodyne. 

OLEUM CAJUPUTI. Oil of Cajuput. 



OLE 115 

Powerfully stimulant. 

Use. In epilepsy, palsy, chronic rheumatism, spasmo- 
dic affections of the stomach and bowels, cholera. 

Mixed with Olive oil, it is used externally in gout 
and rheumatism; also for toothache. 

Dose. One to five drops in emulsion or on sugar. 

OLEUM CARUI. Oil of Caraway. 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, and as an adjunct to purga- 
tive pills. 

Dose, n^j to ^x. 

OLEUM CARYOPHYLLI. Oil of Cloves. 

Use. The same as Cloves. 

Dose, vyj to rniiv. 

OLEUM CHENOPODIL Oil of Wormseed. 

Anthelmintic. 

Dose. Four to eight drops for a child, repeated morn - 
ing and evening for three or four days, and then 
followed by a brisk cathartic. 

OLEUM CINNAMOMI. Oil of Cinnamon. 

Powerfully stimulant, stomachic. 

Dose. n£j to trj^iij on sugar. 

OLEUM COPAIB.E. 

Dose. Ten or fifteen drops in emulsion. 

OLEUM CUBEBS. Oil of Cubebs. 

Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. The same as the cubebs; but less efficacious in 
gonorrhoea. 

OLEUM FCEXICULI. Oil of Fennel Seeds. 

Use. The same as of the seeds. 

Dose, trjjij to tr^xx. 

OLEUM GAULTHERIyE. Oil of Partridge Berry. 

Use. To cover the taste of other medicines. 

OLEUM HEDEOM.E. Oil of Pennyroyal. 

Use. As a stimulant in flatulent colic and sick sto- 
mach, and to impart flavor to mixtures. 



116 OLE 

Dose. Two to ten drops. 

OLEUM JUNIPERI. Oil of Juniper. 

Stimulant, carminative, diphoretic, diuretic. 

Use. In dropsies; advantageously added to digitalis 
when it is given in the form of pills. 

Dose. Ttj^ij to ^x or more, rubbed up with sugar or 
mucilage and water. 

OLEUM LAVANDULAE. Oil of Lavender. 

Stimulant. 

Use. In hysteria and nervous headache. 

Dose. Ti£j to tt^v on a lump of sugar. 

OLEUM L1NI. Linseed Oil. 

Demulcent, emollient, laxative. 

Use. It has been given with advantage in ileus, when 
purgatives have failed ; but it is chiefly used in the 
form of clyster, in flatulent colic, attended with cos- 
tiveness; and in abrasions of the rectum: externally 
in burns and wounds. 

Dose, fjss to f^j ; in clysters, f^iij to f^vj. 

OLEUM MENTHA PIPERITA Oil of Pepper- 
mint. 

Stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative. 

Use. In cramp of the stomach and flatulent colic. 

Dose, rrj^j to Trj?iij rubbed up with sugar or mucilage. 

OLEUM MENTHA VIRIDIS. Oil of Spearmint. 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In flatulence and anorexia. 

Dose. iT£j to ttj^v, on a lump of sugar. 

OLEUM MONARDiE. Oil of Horsemint. 

Use. A powerful rubefacent; also a stimulant and 
carminative. 

OLEUM MORRHUJ3. Cod Liver Oil. (A fish oil 
obtained from several fishes belonging to the genus 
Gadus, by exposing to the sun the livers, cut in 
slices, and collecting the oil that runs out. That 
which runs out first resembles olive oil, and is called 
yellow cod liver oil. If the livers are in a state of 



OLE 117 

putrefaction, the oil becomes of a chesnut-brown 
color.) 

Diuretic, alterative, slightly diaphoretic. 

Use. Used extensively in scrofula, rickets, rheuma- 
tism, chronic cutaneous diseases, chorea, tubercles, 
atrophy. A fashionable remedy of late in incipient 
phthisis. Its chief virtue is probably owing to its 
nutritive properties. 

Dose, ^ij to giv two or three times a day ; to chil- 
dren gj, with lemon syrup, coffee or sugar and wa- 
ter. Externally in cases of ulcer, fistula, &c. 

OLEUM MYRISTIC^. Oil of Nutmeg. 

OLEUM OLIV^E. Olive Oil. 

Demulcent, emollient, gently laxative. 

Use. In catarrhs and pulmonary complaints; in 
emulsion with mucilage; in a simple state when 
acrid matters are taken into the stomach; exter- 
nally it has been advantageously used as a friction 
in plague; as an injection in gonorrhoea; an adjunct 
to clysters in dysentery and abrasions; and in the 
formation of ointments and plasters. 

Dose, fgj to f^j triturated with mucilage, or mixed 
with water by means of a few drops of liquor potas- 
sae or liquor animonise. 

OLEUM ORIGANI. Oil of Origanum. 

Stimulant, narcotic. 

Use. Scarcely ever given internally; a drop of it 
put into a carious tooth relieves the pain of tooth- 

OLEUM PIMENTJE. Oil of Pimento. 
Stimulant. 

Use. In debilities of the stomach, colic, and tympa- 
nitis. 

Dose. Tr^iij to i^v, rubbed with sugar. 

OLEUM RICINI. Castor Oil. (Bruise the castor 
seeds, previously decorticated; then express the 



118 OLE 

oil without the application of heat.) §xiv of the 
seeds yield about fjiij of oil. 

Purgative. 

Use. In all cases where stimulant purgatives would 
be hurtful; particularly in dysentery, colica pic- 
tonum; calculous complaints and ileus; and, as it 
operates very quickly, in spasmodic affections. It 
is an excellent purge at all times for children, wo- 
men in child-bed, and after surgical operations in 
which the viscera are at all concerned. It is also 
a good adjunct to clysters. 

Dose, fgss to fjiss, either floated on a little water, 
and covered with a small quantity of brandy, or in 
the following draught: IJ. Olei ricini f^ss, muci- 
laginis q. s. tere optime, et paullatim adde, aquae 
destillatae fgj, spir. lavendulse comp. ^xx, syr. to- 
lutani f^ss. Misce. 

OLEUM ROSMARINA. Oil of Rosemary. 

Stimulant. 

Use. In nervous complaints. 

Dose, tniij to n^vj rubbed up with sugar. 

OLEUM SABINE. Oil of savine. 

Stimulant, emmenagogue; externally vesicant. 

Use. In the same cases for which the plant is em- 
ployed. 

Dose. TT^ij to tr^vj. 

OLEUM SASSAFRAS. Oil of Sassafras. 

Stimulant, sudorific, diuretic. 

Use. In scorbutus, chronic rheumatism, cutaneous 
diseases. An external application (^j to gj 01. 
Oliv.,) useful in indurated mammae of parturient 
women. 

Dose, rniij to it£x rubbed with sugar. 

OLEUM SUCCINI. Oil of Amber. 

Stimulant, antispasmodic, diuretic, rubefacient. 

Use. In hysteria, epilepsy, and deficient menstrua- 
tion; externally in paralysis, and chronic rheuma- 



OLE 119 

tism of the joints. The following is recommended 
as a friction In tic douloureux: &. 01. succini fgj, 
tinct. opii, f^ss. Misce. 

Dose, nyy to ^xij rubbed up with mucilage. 

OLEUM SUCCINI OXIDATUM. Oxidated Oil of 

Amber. (Olei Succini fgj, Acidi Nitrici f^iijss. 
Put the oil of amber in a glass vessel, and gradually 
drop the acid into it, at the same time stirring the 
mixture with a glass rod. Let it stand for thirty- 
six hours, then separate the supernatant resinous 
matter from the acid fluid beneath, and wash it re- 
peatedly, first with cold, and lastly, with hot water, 
till the acid taste be removed.) 

Use. Recommended as a substitute for musk, to 
which it is analogous in its properties. 

OLEUM TEREBIXTHINJE. Oil of Turpentine. 

Stimulant, diuretic, sudorific, anthelmintic, rubefa- 
cient. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, lumbago, and sciatica; 
and in passive uterine hemorrhages ; dropped into 
the ear in deafness from defect of wax; applied to 
indolent tumours; and in embrocation, in rheuma- 
tism and bruises. It is given in very large doses, 
alone, or united with honey, against the taenia so- 
lium, which it brings away entire, dead, after two 
or three doses. 

Dose, n^x to f^j in the first cases; but for the ex- 
pulsion of taenia f^ss to f^ij. 

OLEUM TIGLIL Croton Oil. 

A powerful hydragogue purgative, acting generally in 
moderate doses without pain, but in large doses ex- 
cites vomiting and severe griping pain. A drop 
placed on the tongue, in a comatose state, will 
usually operate. 

Use. In constipation and torpor of the intestines — in 
dropsy, apoplexy, mania, coma, inflammation of the 
brain, hydrocephalus, and whenever powerful re vul- 



120 OPI 

sion from the head is indicated. Externally, as a 
revellent, or counter-irritant, producing a pustular 
eruption in twelve hours after the first friction — in 
rheumatism and gout, phthisical affections, incipient 
phthisis, and in the neuroses, as palsy, hooping- 
cough, spasmodic asthma. 

Dose. J- to J and -J drop every two or three hours, in 
emulsion or pill. Externally, four to six drops may 
be rubbed in twice a day. If the skin be very sen- 
sitive, mix it with an equal portion of some fixed 
or volatile oil. 

OLEUM VALERIANAE. Oil of Valerian. 

Dose. Four or five drops. 

ONION. Garden Onion. (AWum Cepa.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, rubefacient. 

Dose. A teaspoonful of juice, with sugar, in non-in 
flammatory catarrhs of children. 

OPIUM. Opium. 

►Stimulant in small doses, but in larger narcotic, an- 
tispasmodic, diaphoretic, sedative, anodyne ; exter- 
nally, its stimulant effects are considerable, but soon 
followed by its narcotic. 

Use. In all painful affections, where the inflammatory 
diathesis is not very considerable; in diarrhoea and 
dysentery; intermittents; in typhus, in smaller 
doses as a cordial, in larger to allay irritation and 
produce sleep ; cholera and pyrosis: in rheumatism 
when inflammatory fever is not present ; retro- 
cedent gout; aud in convulsive and spasmodic dis- 
eases. When combined with calomel, in inflamma- 
tion, after blood-letting, and in syphilis, as well as 
to arrest the progress of gangrene. It is employed 
in a watery solution, containing gr. ij in f^j of wa- 
ter, as an injection in gonorrhoea and spasmodic 
stricture, as an adjunct to clysters in diarrhoea; and 
by friction, united with oil in tetanus and other 
spasms. 



OPI 121 

Dose. Gr. \ to gr. ss to produce its stimulant effects ; 
gr. j to grs. ij, is narcotic; but in spasmodic com- 
plaints, it has been given to a very great extent. 

Incomp. Lime-water, alkaline carbonates, bichloride 
of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphates of zinc, 
copper, and iron, infusion of yellow bark, astrin- 
gent infusions and decoctions, solutions of catechu 
and of kino; acetates of lead. 

-**# when opium has been taken as a poison, the sto- 
mach should be first evacuated by the stomach- 
pump, worked with infusion of yellow bark, or by 
emetics containing very little water, and after the 
whole of the opium has been evacuated, aromatic 
stimulants given, and mustard cataplasms applied 
externally. 

As the dose of opium varies much according to circum- 
stances, and as the quantities vary in pharmaceuti- 
cal preparations, we have thought it advisable to 
insert the following table of proportions for refe- 
rence : 

Opium. Dose. \ of a grain to 2 grs. or more. 

Acetum Opii (Black drop) contains 1 gr. Opium to 
Ti£vii. 

Confectio Opii contains 1 gr. Opium in grs. xxxvi. 

Morphia. l-6th of a gr. equivalent to gr. j. Opium. 

Morphia Acetas. 1-Oth of a gr. equivalent to gr. j. 
Opium. 

Liquor Morphias Acetatis. l-6th gr. Morphia in tt}? v. 

Morphias, Murias. Same as Morphia. 

Morphioz Sulphas, Same as Morphia. 

Piluloz CaJomelanos et Opii. 1 gr. Opium to iij grs. 
Calomel. 

Piluloz Opii. 1 gr. Opium in each pill. 

Piluloz Plumhi Opiataz. One half gr. Opium in each. 

Piluloz Saponis Composiiaz. 1 gr. Opium in grs. v. 

Pulvis Ipecacuanha et Opii. 1 gr. Opium in gr3. x. 
11 



122 PAR 

Tinctura Opii Laudanum.) 1 gr. Opium in njj xix. 

Tinctura Opii Camphor -ata (Paregoric.) 1 gr. Opium 
in fgss. 

Tinctura Opii Acetata. 1 gr. Opium in trj^xx. 

Trochisci Glycyrrhiza et Opii. One-tenth gr. in each. 

Vinum Opii. Same as Tincture. 

ORIGANUM. Common Marjoram. [0. vulgar e.) 

Tonic, stomachic, emmenagogue? 

Use. In debilities of the stomach: scarcely ever 
used. 

Dose. Grs. x to Qj in powder. 

ORBANCHE VIRGINIANA. Beech drops. Can- 
cer-root. 

A parasite on the root of the beech. Astringent. 

OXYMEL SCILL^. Oxymel of Squill. (Melis 
lbiij, Aceti Scillse Oij. Evaporate in a glass ves- 
sel, over a sand-bath, to a proper consistence.) The 
boiling is hurtful, destroying the acrimony on which 
the virtue of the squill depends. 

Expectorant, diuretic, aperient; inlarge doses emetic. 

Use. In humoral asthma, chronic coughs, dropsy; to 
excite vomiting in pertussis. 

Dose, f^ss to fgij in cinnamon water, or any other 
aromatic water. 

PANAX. Ginseng. Root of {P. quinquefolium.) 

Demulcent. The Chinese panacea. 

PAP AVER. White Poppy Capsules. (P. somnife- 
rum. ) 

Relaxant, anodyne. 

Use. Externally as a fomentation (§iv of the dried 
heads being bruised and boiled in Oiv of water to 
Oij,) to inflamed or ulcerated parts. The addition 
of a little distilled vinegar aids the narcotic power 
of the decoction. 

PAREIRA. (Pareira brava.) 

Tonic Aperient. Diuretic. 



PIL 123 

Use. In irritable bladder. 

Dose. Grs. xxx to gj. 

Tincture (one part to five of alcohol) fgj. 

PETROSELINUM. Parsley Root. (P. Sativum.) 

Aperient, diuretic. 

Use. In nephritic and dropsical affections — given in 
infusion. 

PHOSPHAS SODA. Phosphate of Soda. 

Purgative. 

Use. In all cases where the bowels require to be 
opened. When dissolved in broth made without 
salt, the taste of the phosphate is not perceived. 

Dose, sgto^ij. 

Incomp. Alum, chalk, and all salts with an earthy 
base. 

PHYTOLACCA BACCA ET RADIX. Poke Ber- 
ries. Poke Root. (P. decandra.) 

Emetic, purgative, alterative, and narcotic. A nar- 
cotico-acrid poison. 

Use. The juice, evaporated to an extract, is employed 
as an escharotic by cancer doctors. As an altera- 
tive in small doses in chronic rheumatism. As an 
ointment in psora, tinea capitis, and other cutaneous 
diseases. 

Dose. As an emetic, from grs. x to grs. xxx. As an 
alterative, from gr. i. to grs. v. 

PILULE ALOES. Aloetic Pill. (Aloes Socotrinse, 
Saponis sing, partes gequales, q. s.) 

PILULE ALGES COMPOSITE. Compound Aloe- 
tic pills. (Aloes contrite R)j, Ext. Gentianse ^ss, 
Olei Carui rr^xl, Svr. q. s.) 

Dose. Grs. v. to xx. 

PILUL.E ALOES C(JM ZINGIBERS. Pills of Aloes 
and Ginger. (Aloes Hepat. gj, R,ad. Zingib. in 
Pulv. tritae gj, Saponis Hispanici gss, 01. Essent. 
Mentha Pip. £ss.) 

In their operation these three are alike, warm sto- 
machic, purgative. 



124 PIL 

Use. In habitual costiveness. 

Dose. Grs. x. to gj made into pills. 

PILULE ALOES ET MYRRHA. Aloetic pills with 
Myrrh. (Aloes gij, Croci Stigmatum, Myrrhse 
sing, gj, Syr., q. s.) 

Cathartic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In chlorotic, hypochondriacal, and cachectic 
habits, to stimulate and open the bowels. 

Dose. Grs. x to J^j made into pills 

PILULiE ALOES ET ASSAFCETIDiE. Aloetic 
and Assafoetida Pills. Aloes Socotor., Conf. Rosse, 
Assafoetidge, Saponis, sing partes oequales, q. s. 
Purgative; stomachic, anodyne. 

Use. In dyspepsia attended with flatulence and cos- 
tiveness; hysteria; amenorrhoea. 

Dose. Grs. x in pills twice a day; or at bed-time. 

PILUL.E ALOES ET FERRI. Pills of Aloes and 
iron (Sulph. Ferri grs. xxxvj. Aloes Barb. grs. xxiv, 
Pulv. Aromat. grs. lxx, Conf. Rosae q. s. ft. pilulae 
xlviij.) 

Use. An excellent combination, of a tonic and pur- 
gative. 1-3 pills. 

PILUL.E ASSAFOETIDA. Compound pills of As- 
safoetida. (Assafoetida, Galbani, Myrrhge, sing. 
5 iij , Conf. Rosse, q. s.) 

Use. In hysteria and other nervous affections. 

Dose. Grs. v to grs. x. 

PILULE CALOMELANOS ET OPII. Pills of Ca- 
lomel and Opium. (Calomel gr. xxiv, Opium gr. 
viij. Conserve of Roses, a quantity sufficient to make 
a mass to be divided into twelve pills.) 

Use. For rapidly bringing the habit under mercurial 
influence. 

PILULE CATHARTICS COMPOSITE. Com- 
pound Cathartic Pills. (Take of Comp. Extract of 
Colocynth gss, Ext. Jalap. Calomel, aa 3iij, Gam- 
boge 9ij. Hi., ft. pil. Ho. 180.) 



PIL 125 

Use. In constipation, and hepatic congestion. A 
most useful pill. 

Dose. 3 pills. 

PILULE COPAIB^E. Pills of Copaiba. (R. Copaiba 
gij, Magnesia ^j. Mix, and set aside till it con- 
cretes into a mass, which is to be divided into 200 
pills.) 

Use. In gonorrhoea and affections of the mucous mem- 
brane. 2-6 pills. 

PILULE DIGITALIS ET SCILLiE. Pills of Fox- 
glove and Squill. (Digitalis, Squill, of each Qj, 
Aromatic Electuary J)ij. Make into xx pills.) 

Diuretic. 

Use. In dropsy. 1 or two pills. 

PILULE FERRI CARBONATIS. Vallet's Iron 
pills. 

Use. In chlorosis, &c. 

Dose. 10 to 30 grs. in 24 hours. 

PILULiE FERRI COMPOSITE. Compound pills 
of Iron. (Myrrhse cont. gij, Sodse Carbon. Ferri 
Sulphatis, Sacch. siag. gj.) 

Tonic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In dyspepsia and chlorosis. 

Dose. Grs. x to pj in pills, twice or thrice a day. 

PILULiE FERRI IODIDE Pills of Iodide of Iron. 
(Sulphate of Iron ^j, Iod. Potas. Qiv, Tragacanth 
lOgrs. Sugar gss. mix with Syrup. Form 40 pills. ) 
Each pill contains about J gr. iodide of iron. 

PILUL.E HYDRAGYRI CHLORIDI MITIS. Ca- 
lomel pills. (Calomel ^ss, Gum Arabic ^j, Syrup, 
q. s. Make 240 pills.) 1 gr. Calomel in each pill. 

PILULE OPII. Opium pills. (Opium powder sp, 
Soap 12 grs. Make sixty pills.) 

Each contains 1 gr. Opium. 

PILULES FERRI SULPHATIS, Pills of Sulphate 
of Iron. (Sulph. of Iron grs. xxiv, Ext. of Taraxa- 
11* 



126 PIL 

cum 5J, Cons, of Roses grs. xxiv. Make into xxiv 
pills.) 

Use. As a tonic, in dyspepsia connected with a tor- 
pid state of the liver. 

PILULE GALBANI COMPOSITE. Compound 
Galbanum Pills. (Galbanigj, Myrrhse, Sagapenii, 
sing. §iss, Assafoetida £iv, Syrupi q. s.) 

Both these forms of pills operate as antispasmodic 
and emmenagogues. 

Use. In chlorosis, hysteria, and hypochondriasis. 

Dose. Grs. x to £)j made into pills, every night at 
bed-time. 

PILUL.E HYDRA RGYRI. Mercurial Pills. (Hy- 
drarg. Pur. ^ij, Confect. Rosib Gallicoegiij, Glycyr- 
rhizce Rad. cont. zj. Rub the quicksilver -with the 
confection until the globules disappear; then add 
the liquorice-root powder, and beat the whole into 
a uniform mass.) 

Antisyphilitic, alterative; in large doses purgative. 

Use. In syphilis, perhaps the best form of the re- 
medy; in some cutaneous diseases and intermit- 
tents, attended with visceral and lymphatic obstruc- 
tions; to purge in jaundice, dropsies and ileus. 

Dose. For the former objects, grs. v to grs. x twice a 
day, united with opium, if the bowels are easily af- 
fected; for the latter, grs. xij to 7)j every three or 
four hours. 

PILULE QUININE SULPHATIS. (Pills of SUL- 
phate of Quinine. R. Sulph. Quin. gj, Gum Arabic 
3ij, Syrup q. s. M., ft. 480 pills.) 

PILUL/E RHEI. Rhubarb Pills. (Rhubarb in pow- 
der gij, Acetate of Potassa gj, Cons, of Roses £ss. 
Make into xliv pills.) 

Use. A moderate purgative. 

PILUL/E RHEI COMPOSITES. Compound Rhubarb 
Pills. (Rhei in pulv. tritse gj, Aloes ^vj, Myrrhae 



P IX 127 

^iv, Saponis 33, 01. Carui £ss, Syrupi q. s. Beat 
them into a mass.) 

Laxative, stomachic. 

Use. In dyspepsia attended with costiveness. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^j twice a day. 

PILULE SAPONIS COMPOSITE. Compound Pills 
of Soap. (Opii duri Contriti giv, Saponis §ij.) Grs. 
v contain gr. j of opium. 

PILUUE SCILL^E COMPOSITE. Compound Squill 
Pills. (Scillae Recent, exsiccatse et cont. gj, Zin- 
giberis contritse, gij, Saponis, giij, Ammoniaci con- 
triti, gij, Syr. q. s. Form a mass.) 

Expectorant, diuretic. 

Use. In asthma and chronic catarrh; as an adjunct 
to digitalis in hydrothorax, and other dropsies. 

Dose. Grs. x to §j twice or thrice a day. 

PLMENTA. Pimenta Berries. (Myrtus pimenta.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. Chiefly as a condiment; and as an adjunct to 
other medicines. 

Dose. Grs. v. to Qij. 

PIPER LONGUM. Long Pepper. Similar to Black 
Pepper. 

PIPER NIGRUM. Black Pepper. 

Tonic, antiperiodic, stimulant, carminative. 

Use. To check nausea in gouty habits; remove hic- 
cough; -end increase excitement in palsy. Steeped 
in rum it cures ague. A watery infusion of pepper 
has been found a useful gargle in relaxation of the 
uvula. 

Dose. Grs. x to Qj, variously combined. 

PIX. Pitch. 

Stimulant, tonic. 

Use. In cutaneous diseases and piles. 

Dose. 10 grs. to ^j in pills; externally as ointment, 

PIX BURGUNDICA. Burgundy Pitch. 

External rubefacient. 



128 POD 

PIX CANADENSIS. Hemlock Pitch. 

As a gentle rubefacient, analogous to Burgundy pitch, 
and employed in the same cases. 

PIX LIQUIDA. Tar. 

Stimulant, diuretic, sudorific; externally detergent. 

Use. Internally in ichthyosis : externally it is applied 
to foul ulcers, and tinea capitis. 

PL ANT AGO MAJOR. Plantain. 

Refrigerant, diuretic, deobstruent, but feeble. 

Used domestically as a dressing for sores. 

PLUiMBI ACETAS. Acetate of Lead. 

Astringent, in weak solutions, cooling and sedative ; 
in strong (aj to water f^vj,) stimulant. 

Use. Internally in visceral hemorrhages washed down 
with water acidulated with distilled vinegar, which 
seems to prevent its deleterious effects. Externaly, 
in solution in phlegmonous inflammations, burns, 
bruises, gonorrhoea, &c. 

Dose. Gr. ss to grs. jss made into a pill with gr. ss of 
opium and crumb of bread. Distilled water must be 
used for the solution, and a little acetic acid added. 

Incorap. Alkalies, earths, acids, alum; borax, soaps, 
tartarized iron and antimony; lime-water, hard- 
water, sulphuretted hydrogen. 

TLUMBI CARBONAS. Carbonate of Lead. 

Astringent, sedative. 

Use. Sprinkled on parts affected with local inflam- 
mation; in the formation of ointments and plasters. 

PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. May Apple. Man- 
drake. 

An active and certain cathartic, producing copious 

liquid discharges, resembling jalap. 
Use. In most inflammatory affections, where brisk 
purging is indicated; also in bilious fevers and he- 
patic congestions; also in dropsical, rheumatic and 
scrofulous complaints, in combination with super- 
tartrate of potassa. A substitute for calomel. 



POT 129 

Dose. Of the powder root grs. xx. It is also used 
in the form of an extract. 

PO LYGALA RUBELLA. Bitter Polygala. 

Tonic, laxative, and diaphoretic, according to the 
dose. 

ffse. To impart tone to the digestive organs, in the 
form of infusion. 

POLYGOXUN PUNCTATUM. Water Pepper. 

Stimulant, diuretic, emmenagogue, vesicant. 

Dose. Fluid extract 10 to 60 drops. 

POPULUS TREMULOIDES. American Poplar. 

Tonic, diuretic, febrifuge. 

Used in intermittents. 

Dose. 4 to 8 grs. of populin. The buds of P. bal- 
samifera are often steeped in spirits and applied to 
bruises, &c. They are balsamic. 

POTASSA. Fused Potassa. (Prepared by evapo- 
rating the solution of potassa to dryness, in an iron 
vessel.) 

Powerfully escharotic. 

Use. For forming issues. It has also been used to 
remove strictures. 

POTASSxE ACETAS. Acetate of Potassa. 

Mildly cathartic, diuretic, deobstruent. 

Use. In febrile diseases, dropsies, icterus, and visce- 
ral obstructions. 

Dose, gj to 3J as diuretic; ^ij to ^iij open the 
bowels. 

Incomp. Mineral acids, decoction of tamarinds, bi- 
chloride of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphates of 
soda and of magnesia, hydrochlorate of ammonia, 
tartrate of potassa. 

POTASS.E B1C ARBOX AS. Bicarbonate of Potassa. 

Use. The same as that of the carbonate, but it is less 
acrid. 

POTASSJE BITARTRAS, Bitartrate of Potassa. 
Cream of Tartar. (The tartar of wine purified. 



130 POT 

Mildly purgative, refrigerant, diuretic. 

Use. In ascites proceeding from visceral obstruc- 
tions; and to open the bowels in inflammatory ha- 
bits. Dissolved in water, with a small quantity of 
white wine, some sugar, and lemon-peel, it forms an 
excellent beverage in febrile diseases, under the 
name of Imperial. 

Dose. Qj to 3J combined with J)j sodse biboras, to 
excite the kidneys; to open the bowels, £iv to §j 
are required. 

Incomp. Alkalies, alkaline earths, mineral acids. 

POTASSiE CARBONAS. Carbonate of Potassa. 
Salt of Tartar. 

Diuretic, antacid, deobstruent. 

Use. In dropsy, acidities of the prima vice, and glan- 
dular obstructions. 

Dose. Grs. xto £ss properly diluted; J}j dissolved in 
fgviij of water, and mixed with f^iv, of lemon juice, 
forms an effervescing draught. 

Incomp. Mineral acids, borax hydrochlorate and 
acetate of ammonia, alum, sulphate of magnesia, 
chloride of calcium, lime, lime-water, all the me- 
tallic salts. 

POTASSiE CHLORAS. Chlorate of Potassa. 

Refrigerant, diuretic, &c. 

Use. In scurvy, scarlatina, &c, and as a wash in can- 
crum oris. 

Dose. Grs. x to xxx. 

POTASSES NITRAS. Nitrate of Potassa, or Nitre. 

Diuretic, refrigerant; in large doses purgative; ex- 
ternally cooling, detergent. 

Use. In fevers, dropsies, herpetic eruptions, active 
hemorrhages, mania. A small piece allowed to dis- 
solve slowly in the mouth often removes incipient 
cynanche tonsillaris; hence its utility in gargles. 

Dose. Grs. x to £ss. In doses of gj it occasions hy- 
percatharsis, bloody stools, and sometimes death. 



POT 131 

Incomp. Sulphuric acid, sulphates of soda and mag- 
nesia, alum, the metallic sulphates. 

POTASSiE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Potassa. 

Purgative, deobstruent. 

Use. In the visceral obstructions to -which children 
are liable; and as an adjunct to other purgatives. 

Dose, Grs. x to 3J as a deobstruent; gss to .^vj purge. 

Incomp. Nitric and hydrochloric acids, tartaric acid, 
chloride of calcium, salts of mercury, nitrate of sil- 
ver, salts of lead. 

POTASS^E TARTRAS. Tartrate of Potassa. 

Purgative. 

Use. To open the bowels in febrile diseases, mania, 
and hypochondriasis; and as an adjunct to senna, 
and the resinous purgatives in solution, the griping 
effects of which it corrects. 

Dose, gj to gj in solution. 

Incomp. Acids; infusion of tamarinds and other acid 
fruits; chloride of calcium; lime, magnesia, sul- 
phates of soda, of potassa, and of magnesia; nitrate 
of silver, acetate of lead, and hydrochlorate of am- 
monia. 

POTASSIT BROMIDUM. Bromide of potassium. 

Use. As Iodide of Potossium, but slower in effect. 

POTAS SII FERROCYAN URETUM. Ferrocyanuret 
of Potassium. 

Sedative, anodyne, diaphoretic, astringent; mostly 
used in the arts. 

Use. In dyspnoea, neuralgia, &c. 

Dose. 10 to 15 grs. in solution. 

POTASSII IODIDUM. Iodide of Potassium. (Formed 
by decomposing the Iodide of iron by carbonate of 
potassa.) 

The same as that of iodine ; but chiefly as an altera- 
tive in secondary syphilis, rheumatism, lepra. 

Dose. Of the saturated solution from rrj^vj to ^xx; 



132 PRU 

of the dry salt from grs. ij to grs. x. See Tinct. 
Iodin. 

Jncomp. Acids, metallic salts, not iodides. 

POTASSII SULPflURETUM. Sulphuret of Potas- 
sium. 

Expectorant, diaphoretic; externally detergent. 

Use. It has been given in chronic asthma, but with- 
out much benefit; chronic catarrh and rheumatism; 
arthritic cases; hepatic and other cutaneous dis- 
eases; and cancer. Its solution is useful as a wash 
in scabies and tinea capitis. As a bath in the pro- 
portion of giv to thirty gallons of water; as a lotion 
in local cutaneous affections in the strength of ^j 
to two quarts of water* 

Dose. Grs. ij to grs. x combined with soap or extract 
of conium, in pills or mixture twice or thrice a day ; 
as an ointment, £ss of the sulphuret to ^j of lard. 

Incomp. Acids, acidulous salts, metallic and earthy 

PRENANTHES SERPENTARIA. Lion's Foot. 

Considered a remedy for the bite of the rattlesnake, 
&c. A decoction of the root is used internally, and 
the moistened leaves externally. 

PRINOS. Black Alder. (P. verticillatus.) 

Tonic, astringent, alterative. 

Use. Intermittents, diarrhoea, gangrene, chronic and 
cutaneous eruptions; locally in ill-conditioned 
ulcers. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gss to gj; of the decoc- 
tion, made by boiling gij of the bark with Oiij of 
water to Oij, from gij to giij ; or it may be given in 
tincture. 

PRUNUM. Prunes. (P. domestica.) 

Cooling, laxative, nutrient. 

Use. In costiveness attended with heat and irrita- 
tion; an article of diet in fever. 

PRUNUS VIRGINIANA. Wild-Cherry Bark. 



PUL 133 

Tonic and sedative. 

Use. In debilitated states of the stomach or general 
system, attended with irritation and nervous exci- 
tability. It allays the action of the heart, and is 
highly useful in the hectic fever of scrofula and con- 
sumption. In dyspepsia and intermittents. 
Dose. In powder, from £ss to ^j. 
PULVIS ALOES CUM CANELLA. Powder of Aloes 
with Cauella. (Aloes Hepaticae Ibj, Canella^ Albaa 
giij. Kub them separately into a powder, and mix.) 
"Warm, cathartic. 
Use. In costiveness, but not well adapted to be used 

as a powder. 
Dose. Grs. x to Qj. 

PULVIS AROMATICUS. Aromatic Powder. (Cin- 
namon, Ginger, ttii gij ; Cardamon Seeds, Nutmegs, 
aa gj. Rub to fine powder.) 
Stimulant, carminative. 

Dose. 10 to S) grs. As a spice plaster over the epi- 
gastrium in nausea and vomiting. 
PULVIS IPECACUANHA ET OPII. Dover's Pow- 
der. (Pulv. Ipecac. Pulv.Opii, aa £j, Sulphate of 
Potassa, gj. Make a fine powder.) 
Use. Anodyne, diaphoretic. 
Dose. Grs. v to xv. 

PULVIS JALAPJE COMPOSITUS. Compound Pow- 
der of Jalap. (Jalapae giij, Bitartratis Potas-ae 
j|vj. Zingiberis gij. Rub them separately to a fine 
powder, and then mix.) 
Purgative. 
Use. In costiveness, particularly of children with a 

tumid belly: in worm cases and in dropsy. 
Dose. 9j to ^ij for adults ; grs. vj to grs. xij for chil- 
dren. 
PULVIS RHEI COMPOSITUS. Compound Powder 
12 



134 QUI 

of Rhubarb. (Magnesia 1 ft)., Powd. Ginger gij, 
Powd. Rhubarb 31V. Mix.) 

A laxative antacid, in bowel complaints of children. 

Dose. £ss to £j for an adult; a child two or three 
years old, 5 to 10 grs. 

PULVIS SCILL^. Powder of Squills. (The bulb 
of Scilla Maritima sliced, dried, and reduced to a 
powder. ) It should be kept in well-stopped phials. 

Diuretic, emetic, expectorant. 

Use. In the same cases for which the squill pill is 
employed. 

Dose. Grs. iij to grs. vj combined with soap and other 
substances, in pills or bolus. 

PYRETHRUM. Pellitory of Spain. Anacyclus py- 
rethrum.) 

Use. Chewed, it excites a copious flow of saliva, — 
hence it has been found useful in some affections of 
thehe id ; mstrumous swellings of the tonsils; tooth- 
ache, and palsy of the muscles of the throat. It is 
also used in infusion as a gargle. 

PYRETHRUM PART11EN1UM. Feverfew. 

Tonic. 

Dose. 3 to 10 grs., three times a day. 

QUASSIA. Quassia Wood. (Sim>irouba excelsa.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In intermit'ents; bilious fever, combined with 
neutral salts: lienteria and cachexia; in hysteria 
united with tincture of valerian; and with creta- 
ceous powder and ginger in gout. 
Dose. Of the raspings grs. v to £ss, but infusion and 

extract are preferable forms of exhibiting it. 
QUERCUS. The Oak. 
Astringent, tonic. Not much used internally. 

Use. As astringent wash, gargle, or injection. 
QUINJE MUR1AS. Muriate of Quinine. (Dissolve 
pure quinine in diluted muriatic acid and evapo- 
rate.) 



R H E 135 

A tonic, better adapted in cases of weak digestive 
powers than the sulphate; preferred by some to the 
sulphate in intermittents. 

Dose. The same as the sulphate. 

QUINCE SULPHAS. Disulphate of Quinia. (Pre- 
pared from yellow cinchona.) 

Tonic. 

Use. In intermittents and all periodic diseases, as a 
tonic; also as a febrifuge in bilious remittents, and 
whenever tonics are indicated; may be used with 
great advantage endermically where the stomach is 
irritable. 

Dose. Grs. ij to grs. x in any simple bitter infusion. 

Iiicornp. Alkalies and their carbonates, lime-water, 
salts of baryta, lime, nitrate of silver, and salts of 
lead. 

QUINCE VALERLANAS. Valerianate of Quinia. 

Use. In neuralgia and hemicrania. 

Dose. 1 to 2 grs. 

QUINIA. See Chinchona. 

Incomp. Nitrate of Silver, acetate of lead. 

RANUNCULUS. Crowfoot. (R. bulbosus.) 

Acrid irritant; similar to cantharides. 

RESINA. Yellow Resin. (The residue, after the 
distillation of oil of turpentine.) 

Stimulant. 

Use. In the composition of plasters and ointments. 

RHAMNI. Buckthorn. (Berries and juice of R. 
Catharticus.) 

Purgative. 

Use. In syrup, added to hydragogue or diuretic mix- 
tures. 

Dose. 9j of recent berries, gj of dried, gj of juice. 

RHEUM. Rhubarb Root. (R. palmatum.) 

Purgative, stomachic, astringent. 

Use. In costiveness, from laxity of bowels, particu- 



130 RUM 

larly of children, and diarrhoea. It is a useful ad- 
junct to neutral salts and calomel, rendering their 
operation more easy. Externally the powder is 
sprinkled over ulcers, to assist their granulation 
and healing. 
Dose. Grs. x to £ss of the powdei to open the bowels ; 

grs. vj to grs. x to act as a stomachic. 
RHUS GLABRUM. Sumach. (Fruit of R. Glab.) 
Astringent and refrigerant. 
Used as a gargle. 
ROSA. Rose Petals. 
Slightly laxative. 

ROSMARINUS. Rosemary. (R. officinalis.) 
Tonic, stimulant, emmenagogue, resolvent. 
Use. In nervous headaches, and in chlorosis, under 
the form of infusion; but it is now scarcely ever 
used, unless as an adjunct, to give odor to sternu- 
tatory powders. 
Dose. Of the powder grs. x to gss. 
RUB1A. Root of Madder. [R. tinctorum.) 
Emmenagogue, astringent. 

Use. In chlorosis, and difficult or scanty menstrua- 
tion; in the atrophia infantum; but its efficacy is 
very doubtful. 
Dose. Grs. xv to 7)j united with sulphate of potassa, 

three or four times a day. 
RUBUS TRIVIALIS VILLOSUS. Dewberry Root. 

Blackberry Root. 
Astringent and tonic. 

Use. In diarrhoea from debility, cholera infantum, 
chronic dysentery. In all cases where astringents 
are indicated. 
Dose. Of the decoction (gj, Ojss water; boiled to Oj,) 
from fgj to fgij three or four times a day. Of the 
powdered root, grs. xx to grs. xxx. 
RUA1EX. Duck- root. LR. Brit annica and obtusifolius.) 






SAG 137 

Mild astringent, tonic, alterative. 

Use. In scrofula and syphilis, externally in skin dis- 
eases. 

Dose, fgij of decoction (gj dried root to Oj.) 

RUTA. The leaves of Rue. (R. graueolens.) 

Tonic, stimulant, antispasmodic, emmenagogue? 

Use. In hysteria and flatulent colic ; but chiefly ia 
the form of strong infusion in clysters in the con- 
vulsions of children. 

Lose. Grs. xv. to ^ij. 

SABADILLA. Sabadilla Seeds. ( Veralrum sala- 
diila.) 

Cathartic, excitant, anthelmintic. 

Use. Seldom internally; used in the form of powder 
to destroy pediculi. (Recommended by Turnbull 
in painful rheumatic and neuralgic affections.) 

Dose. Gr. -J- of the extract, grs. ij to grs. vi. of the 
powder. Tincture used externally. 

SAB BAT IA. American Centaury. (S. angularis.)-. 

Tonic. 

Use. In autumnal intermittents and remittents. 

Dose. Infusion of ijj to Oj water, f^ij every two hours. 

SABINA. Savine Leaves. (Juniper us sabina.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic,, 
escharotic. 

Use. In amenorrhoea, with a languid pulse, but they 
require to be cautiously administered ; in worms,, 
rheumatism, and gout. Externally, the powder is* 
applied to old ulcers, carious bones, &c. ; and the 
infusion, as a lotion, to gangrene, scabies, and tinea, 
capitis. 

Dose. Grs. v to grs. x of the powder. 

SACCHARUM. Sugar. 

SACCHARUM LACTIS. Sugar of Milk. 

SAGAPENUM. 

Antispasmodic, emmenagogue, inferior to assafcetida.. 
12* 



138 SAM 

Dose. Grs. x togss in pills. 

SAGO. Sago. (Sagus Rumphii. A modification of 
starch, containing traces of chloride of sodium.) 

SALICINA. Salicine. 

Tonic. 

Use. In intermittents, and in all cases where tonics 
are indicated. Its effects are analogous to those of 
quinine, but not much used. 

Dose. Grs. iv to grs. vi every three hours in intermit- 
tents. In other cases, gr. j. to grs. iij, three or four 
times a day. 

SALIX CORTEX. Willow Bark. (S. alba.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In intermittents and remittents; debilities of 
the intestinal canal; convalescence; and in hectic 
and phthisis. 

Dose. Qj to £j of the powder; or f^jss of the decoc- 
tion, made with 3 ij of the bark, in Oij water, boiled 
down to Oj. 

Incomp. Solution of isinglass, alkaline carbonates, 
lime-water, sulphate of iron. 

SALVIA. Sage. (S. officinalis.) 

Tonic, astringent, aromatic. 

Use. Mostly as gargle, in infusion, with honey and 
alum. 

SAMBUCUS. (S. Canadensis.) Common Elder Flow- 
ers, Berries, and Bark. 

Flowers diaphoretic, discutient; berries aperient, su- 
dorific; bark purgative, hydragogue, deobstruent 
in small doses. 

■Use. The flowers in fomentations, to yield their fla- 
vor to water in distillation, and to form a cooling 
ointment; the berries, or their expressed juice, in 
febrile diseases, rheumatism, arthritic cases, and 
the exanthemata; the bark in dropsy and hemor- 
rhoids. 



SAS 139 

Dose. Of the juice of the berries fgj to fgij ; of the 
bark. grs. v. to 3SS, three times a day. 

SANGU1NARIA. Blood Root. (S. Canadensis.) 

Au acrid emetic; stimulant, narcotic, diaphoretic, al- 
terative. 

Use. It is principally used in chronic catarrh, bron- 
chial affections and pertussis. Combined with an- 
timony or ipecacuanha, it is a useful expectorant. 

Dose. As emetic, from grs. x to grs. xx ; as an altera- 
tive, gr. j to grs. iv. Of the tincture x to xxx drops. 
This is the best form of administration. 

SANTALUM. Red Saunders Wood. {Pterocarjms 
santalum.) 

Used for coloring tinctures. 

SANTONIN. The active anthelmintic principle in 
European wormseed. 

Used in the form of lozenges with sugar. 

Dose. Three or four grs. twice a day, or less to a 
child. 

SAPO. Soap. 

Laxative, antacid, antilithic. 

Use. In dyspepsia, constipation, lithiasis, &c. 

Dose. Five grs. to gss, in pill. 

Incomp. Acids, earths, earthy and metallic salts. 

SARSAPARILLA. (Smilaz officinalis.) 

Diuretic, demulcent. 

Use. In the sequelae of syphilis, when, after a mer- 
curial course, nocturnal pains, enlargement of the 
joints, and cutaneous ulcerations remain; in scro- 
fula; elephantiasis, or cutaneous affections resem- 
bling it; chronic rheumatism ; and whenever an al- 
terative is indicated. 

Dose. From Qj to ^j of the powder, or made into 
an electuary, three times a day. See Decoction, 
Syrup, and Ext. 

SASSAFRAS. Sassafras Wood and Root. (Laurus 
Sassafras.) 



140 SCU 

Stimulent, sudorific, diuretic. 

Use. In cutaneous diseases; chronic rheumatism; 
and as an adjunct to the decoction of guaiac, &c. 

Dose. See Decoction. 

SCAMMON1UM. Scammony. (Convolvulus scam- 
mo?iia.) 

Drastic, purgative, hydragogue. 

Use. In obstinate costiveness, worms, dropsy, in 
combination with some other cathartic, as aloes, 
rhubarb, calomel, &c. 

Lose. Grs. iii to grs. xv. triturated with sugar or with 
almonds. Made into an emulsion with milk, the 
taste cannot be distinguished; but pure virgin 
scammony is exceeding'y scarce. 

SCILLA. The bulb of the squill. (S. maritima.) 

Emetic in large closes; purgative; in small doses ex- 
pectorant and diuretic. It owes its properties to a 
peculiar principle, which has been named scillitina. 

Use. In pulmonary complaints, after the inflamma- 
tory action is reduced; humoral asthma; pertussis; 
in dropsy ; and more useful if combined with a mer- 
curial. 

Dose. Gr. j to grs. v of the dried root, powdered, and 
united with nitre or ipecacuanha ; or in pills to pro- 
duce diuresis, united with the blue pill. 

Incomp. Gelatine, lime-water, alkaline carbonates, 
acetates of lead, nitrate of silver. 

SCOPARIUS. Broom Tops. (Cytisus scoparius.) 

Diuretic. 

Use. In dropsies. 

Dose. 9j to gj of the powder. 

SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. Figwort, pilewort, Ce- 
landine. 

An old English remedy for piles and scrofulous tumors, 
in ointment or fomentation. 

SCUTELLARIA LATERIFOLIA. Scullcap. 



SER 141 

A tonic nervine. 

Used in tic douloureux, &c. 

Dose. Fluid extract ^ss to ^j. 

SENECIO AURENS". Life-root. 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, tonic. 

Useful in gravel and uterine complaints ; promotes 
menstruation. 

Dose. Fluid extract £ss to gj. 

SENEGA. Senega root. [Poly gala senega.) 

Stimulant, expectorant, diaphoretic, diuretic. 

Use. In peripneumonia, after the inflammatory ac- 
tion is reduced; humoral asthma, chronic rheuma- 
tism; dropsy; croup? The extract of it, with car- 
bonates of ammonia, has been found useful in le- 
thargy. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^j of the powder. Madeira wine, if 
it can be ordered, covers the taste of the powder. 

SENNiE FOLIA. Senna leaves. [Cassia acuti/olia.) 

Cathartic, hydragogue. (It is apt to gripe.) 

Use. In costiveness and dropsy; should always be 
given with aromatic and saline substances. 

Dose. Of the powder, Qj to gj rubbed with crystals 
of bitartrate of potassa, and united with ginger to 
prevent griping; but the best form is that of infu- 
sion. 

SERPENTARUE RADIX.; Snake Root. (Aristo- 
lochia serpentaria.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic. 

Use. In typhoid fevers, and diseases of debility; to 
assist cinchona in the cure of intermittents: in the 
exanthemata, and dyspepsia; and externally as a 
gargle in cynanche maligna. 

Dose. Of the powder, grs. x to ^ss ; or of the following 
infusion f^ss every four hours; R. Rad. contusi 
Serpentaria giv, Aquae ferv. fjxij. Macerate in 
a covered vessel for two hours. 



142 SOD 

SESAMUM. Benne. (S. indicum.) 

Laxative, demulcent, nutritious. 

Use. As a drink in cholera infantum, diarrhoea, dy- 
sentery, catarrh, and affections of the urinary pas- 
sages. 

Dose. One or two green leaves in a tumbler of cool 
water will render it sufficiently viscid. 

SEVUM. Suet. 

Used in ointments, &c. 

SIMARUBA. The Bark and Wood of Simaruba offi- 
cinalis. 

Tonic. 

Use. In dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, lienteria, and 
dyspepsia. 

Dose, ^ss to 5J of the powder; but the infusion is a 
better form of exhibiting this remedy. 

SINAPIS. Mustard Seed. (S. alba-nig r a.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, emetic, rubefacient, laxative. 

Use. In dyspepsia; a torpid state of the bowels, and 
chlorosis. The seeds are swallowed entire or only 
slightly crushed; a strong infusion of the flour is 
used to produce vomiting in apoplexy and paralysis: 
externally, the flour is applied as a cataplasm to the 
legs and the soles of the feet in typhus and coma- 
tose affections. 

Dose. 3J to |Jss; or f^ij of the following infusion 
B:. Sinapis pulveris, Armoracise rad., sing, ^ij, Aq. 
ferventis Oij. Infuse in a covered vessel for twelve 
hours; then strain and add Spir. menthse piper. 

SODJS ACETAS. Acetate of Soda. 

Purgative, refrigerant, diuretic. 

Use. In cases requiring a mild purgative. Chiefly 
used for making acetic acid. 

Dose. From Qj to ^iv in any bland fluid. 

Incomp. Carbonate of lime, sulphuric, nitric and hy- 
drochloric acids. 






SOD 143 

SOD2E BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Soda. 

Use. The same as that of the carbonate. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. 

SOD^S BORAS. *" Borate of Soda. Borax. 

Diuretic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In nephritic and calculous complaints, depend- 
ing on an excess of uric acid. As a detergent in 
aphthous affections of the mouth in children, rubbed 
up in sugar in the proportion of 1 to 7, or rubbed 
-with hone j. 

Dose. From grs. xx to grs. xl ; or combined with cream 
of tartar. 

SODiE CARBONAS. Carbonate of Soda. 

Antacid, deobstruent. 

Use. In dyspepsia, and acidities of the stomach; 
united with bitters; in uric acid and gravel, in 
hooping-cough, bronchocele, and in scrofulous af- 
fections. 

Dose. Grs. x to # ^ss twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Lime, acids, unless as an effervescing draught, 
hydrochlorate of ammonia, earthy and metallic salts, 

SOD^E CARBONAS EXSICCATA. Dried Carbonate 
of Soda. (The carbonate made to undergo the wa- 
tery fusion; and, when dry, reduced to powder.) 

Antacid, lithontriptic. 

Use. In acidity of the stomach; but chiefly in cal- 
culus in the kidneys, and other affections of the 
urinary organs. 

Dose. Grs. v to grs. xv, made into pills, with some aro- 
matic powder and soap. 

SODJE ET POTASS.^ TARTRAS. Rochelle Salt. 

A mild, cooling purgative. 

Dose, gsstogj. 

SOD.E PHOSpHAS. Phosphate of Soda. 

A mild purgative. 

Dose. 5J to gij in gruel or weak broth. 



144 SOL 

SODiE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Soda, or Glauber's 
Salts. (From the salt which remains after the dis- 
tillation of hydrochloric acid, the superabundant 
acid being saturated with carbonate of soda.) 

Purgative; in small doses diuretic. 

Use. In costiveness; in bilious colics largely diluted. 

Dose. Of the effloresced salt in powder, giij to gvj ; 
of the crystallized salt in solution, gvj to ^xij ; its 
nauseous taste may be corrected by lemon juice or 
cream of tartar. 

Incomp. Carbonas potassoe. Chlorides of calcium and 
barium, salts of lead, of silver. 

SOD1I CHLOKIDUM. Chloride of Sodium. Muriate 
of Soda, or Sea Salt. 

Tonic, purgative, anthelmintic, externally stimulant. 

Use. In some cases of dyspepsia and worms; ia sea 
scurvy, and purpura; in large doses to check vo- 
miting of blood; as an ingredient in clysters; a 
fomentation to bruises; and, added to water, to form 
a stimulant bath. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. In clysters ^iv to ^j. 

SOLIDAGO. Golden Rod. *(S. odora.) 

Aromatic, stimulant, carminative, diaphoretic. 

Use. To relieve pain arising from flatulence; to allay 
nausea. 

SOLUTIO ACETATTS ZINCI. (Solution of Acetate 
of Zinc. Sulphatis Zinci ^j, Aq. Destil. f^x, Solve 
Acetatis Plumbi ^iv, Aq. Destil. fgx. Solve. Mix 
the solutions, and after they have remained at rest 
for a little time, filter the mixture. A limpid fluid.) 

Astringent. 

Use. Externally, as acollyrium in ophthalmia, after 
the vessels are unloaded; and as an injection in go- 
norrhoea. 

(In this preparation a double decomposition takes 
place; the sulphate of lead which is formed is in- 



SPI 145 

soluble, and the acetate of zinc soluble, on which 
account they are thus easily separated; but when 
the acetate is intended to be used as an injection in 
gonorrhoea, the mixture should not be nitrated.) 

SPIGELIA. Indian Pink Root. (S. marilandica) 

Anthelmintic. 

Use. For the expulsion of lumbrici; in the remitting 
fever of infancy. Its use should be preceded by an 
emetic, and followed by a warm purgative. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^ss of the powdered root, every night 
and morning, till the worms are expelled; or an in- 
fusion combined with senna. 

SPIELEA. Hardhack. (S. tomentosa.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In cholera infantum, diarrhoea, and all cases 
where a tonic combined with an astringent effect is 
needed. 

Dose. Of the extract, from grs. v to grs. xv; from f5j 
to f^ij of the decoction. 

SPIRiT L T S .ETHERIS NITRICI. Spirit of nitric 
Ether. Sweet Spirit of Nitre. 

Refrigerant, diuretic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In febrile diseases ; spasmodic asthma ; and 
dropsies, as an assistant to more active remedies. 

Dose, ttjjxx to f^j in any convenient vehicle. 

SPIRTTUS yETHERIS SULPHURICI COMPOSI- 
TUS. Compound Spirit of Ether. Hoffman's Ano- 
dyne Liquor. (.Ether is Sulph. f^viij, Spiritus Rec- 
tificati f^xvj, Oiei ^Etherei f^iij. Mix.) 

Stimulant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In typhus fever, hvsteria, and to allay irritation 
in painrul diseases; in headaches externally, when 
the part to which it is applied is kept covered with 
the hand, in which case it acts as a rubefacient. 

Dose, f^ss to f'3'j in any convenient vehicle. 

SPIRITUS AMMONLE. Spirit of Ammonia. 
13 



146 SPI 

Stimulant - , diaphoretic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In paralysis, faintings and nervous debilities. 

Dose, f^ss to f£j in water. 

SPIRITUS AMMONLE AROMATICUS. Aromatic 

Spirit of Ammonia. 
Stimulant, diaphoretic. 
Use. In the same cases as the Spirit of Ammonia; it 

is more grateful and less acrimonious. 
Dose, f^ss to f^j in any convenient vehicle. 
Incomp. Acids, acidulous salts, metallic salts, lime- 
water. 
SPIRITUS AMMONLE FCETIDUS. Fetid Spirit of 

Ammonia. 
Stimulant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In hysteria, atonic gout, and spasmodic asthma. 
Dose, f^ss to gj in water. 
SPIRITUS CAMPHORATUS. Spirit of Camphor. 

(Caniphorae §iv. Spirit. Ptect. Oij.) 
Stimulant, anodyne, discutient. 
Use. Externally, against rheumatic pains, paralytic 

numbness, chilblains, gangrene, and for discussing 

tumours. 
Incomp. Water, which precipitates the comphor. 
SPIRITUS JUNIPERI COMPOSITUS. Compound 

Spirit of Juniper. 
Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. As an adjunct to diuretic infusion in dropsies. 
Dose, f^j to f§). 
SPIRITUS LAVENDUL.E. 

Use. As a perfume, and to make the following ar- 
ticles: — 
Spiritus Lavendulas Comp., Linimentum Camphorse 

Comp. 
SPIRITUS LAVENDULiE COMPOSITUS. Com. 

pound Spirit of Lavender (Spir. Lavand. Ojss, Spir. 

Rosmarini Oss; Cinnamomi cont., Myristica cont. 

sing, giiss, Pterocarpi cont. gv.) 






S P 147 

Use. In fainting and chronic debility. 

Dose, trjl xxx to 3J. 

SPIRITUS MENTHA PIPERITA. Spirit of Pep- 
permint. 

Carminative, stimulant. 

Use. In nausea, flatulence and faintings. 

Dose, f^ss to f^iij. 

SPIRITUS MENTHA PULEGII. Spirit of Penny- 
royal. 

Use. The same as that of spearmint. 

Dose, f^j to f^iv. 

SPIRITUS MENTHA VIRIDIS. Spirit of Spear- 
mint. 

Carminative, stimulant. 

Use. In nausea, flatulence and faintings. 

Dose, f^ss to f^ij. in any proper vehicle. 

SPIRITUS MYRtSTIOE. Spirit of Nutmeg. 

Cordial, carminative. 

Use. In faintings, and as an adjunct to griping pur- 
gatives. 

Dose, f^ss to f^iv. 

SPIRITUS PIMENT.E. Spirit of Pimento. 

Cordial, carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, atonic gout, &c. 

Dose, f^j to f^iv. 

SPIRITUS PYROXILICUS. Wood Naphtha. 

Narcotic, sedative, anti-emetic. 

Dose. 10 to 40 drops, three times a day. 

SPIRITUS ROSMARINI. Spirit of Rosemary. 

Stimulant. 

Use. In languors ; externally to pains and bruises. 
A fragrant perfume. 

Dose, f^j to f^iv. 

SPIRITUS VINI GALLICI. Brandy. 

SPONGiA. Sponge. 



148 STR 

Use. External. For absorbing the acrid discharge 
from ulcers; suppressing hemorrhages, when the 
bleeding mouth of the vessel is compressed with it ; 
to form tents for dilating wounds, in which case the 
sponge is immersed in melted wax, and cooled be- 
fore being used; for making burnt sponge. 

SPONGLE UST.E PULVIS. Burnt Sponge. (The 
sponge is cut into pieces, burnt to a friable coal in 
a covered vessel, and rubbed to a powder.) 

Tonic, deobstruent, antacid. 

Use. In brochocele, scrofulous complaints, and her- 
petic eruptions. 

Dose. 3J to giij, made into an electuary, with honey 
and powdered cinnamon. 

STANNI PULVIS. Powder of Tin. 

Anthelmintic. 

Dose, gss in molasses, for several mornings, followed 
by a cathartic. 

STATICE. Marsh Rosemary, (S. caroliniana.) 

Astringent, antiseptic. 

Use. In gargles, in aphthous and malignant sore 
throat: and internally in chronic dysentery. 

STILLING I A. Queen's Root. (S. sylvatica.) 

Emetic, cathartic, alterative. 

Use. In secondary syphilis, scrofula, &c. 

Dose. Powder, 15 to 30 grs., tincture (j§ij toOj) f^j. 
20 to 40 drops of fluid extract. 

STRAMONLl SEMINA FOLIA. The Leaves and 
Seeds of Thorn Apple. [Datura stramonium.) 

Use. The same as the extracts. 

Dose. Seeds gr. j, powdered leaves grs. ij. 

STPbYCHNIA. Strychnia. An alkali prepared from 
the Strychnos Nux Vomica. 

Use. As a tonic in pyrosis, passive diarrhoea, and 
leucorrhcea; in cases of partial paralysis not de- 



SUL 149 

pending on organic disease, especially when caused 
by carbonate of lead. 

Dose. From gr. 1-12 to gr. ^th, in acid solution. 

STRYCHNOS IGNATIA. Jgnatia Bean. (Ignaiia 
amara.) 

Tonic, nerve stimulant, virtue depends on strychnia. 

Use. In dyspepsia of all grades. 

Dose. 5 to 10 drops of fluid extract. 

STRYCHNOS NUX VOMICA. 

Tonic, stimulant; when taken in large doses, it pro- 
duces tetanic spasms. 

Use. In dyspepsia; gout; rheumatism; and especial- 
ly in paralysis of the lower extremities. 

Dose. From grs. iij to grs. xij. 

STYRAX. Storax. (S. officinale.) 

Stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. Seldom used alone, but as an adjunct, chiefly 
on account of its fragrance and aromatic properties. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. 

SUCCINUM. Amber. 

Use. To afford its essential oil and acid. 

SULPHUR PRJECIPITATUM. Precipitated Sul- 
phur, Lac Sulphuris. 

Laxative and alterative ; emmenagogue. 

Use. In cutaneous affections, and as a laxative in 
constipation and hemorrhoids. 

Dose. £j in the form of an electuary, two or three 
times a day, or combined with magnesia or cream 
of tartar. 

SULPHUR SUBLIMATUM. Sublime Sulphur, 
Flowers of Sulphur. 

Stimulant, laxative, diaphoretic, transpiring through 
the cutaneous exhalants. 

Use. As a laxative in chronic rheumatism, atonic 
gout, rachitis, asthma, and some pulmonary affec- 
tions; in hemorrhoidal affections it is the only laxa- 
13* 






150 SYR 

tive that should be employed, united with magnesia 
or bitartrate of potassa. A specific in itch, and 
several cutaneous diseases, when either internally 
or externally exhibited. 

Dose, ^ss to gij taken night and morning. 

SULPHURIS iODIDUM. Iodide of Sulphur. (R. 
Iodine 3W, Sulphur gj. Rub together in a glass 
mortar till thoroughly mixed. Put the mixture into 
a matrass, close the orifice loosely, andnpply a gentle 
heat, so as to darken the mass without melting it. 
When the colour has become uniformly dark through- 
out, increase the heat so as to melt the iodide; then 
incline the matrass in different directions ; and last- 
ly, allow it to cool, break it, and put the iodide into 
bottles, which are to be kept well stopped.) 

A powerful alterative, especially in lupus, acne and 
psoriasis. 

Use. In cutaneous affections, secondary syphilis, 
rheumatism, &c. The ointment of iodide of sul- 
phur should be made at first by mixing grs. x of the 
iodide with gj lard: the strength may be gradually 
increased, as the skin can bear it, until it contains 
^ss to the z] lard or spermaceti ointment. 

SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE. Comfrey. 

Demulcent, astringent. 

Dose. ^ij to ^iv of fluid extract. 

SYRUPUS. Simple Syrup. (Sacchari Purif. R>x, 
Aquoe Oiij. Dissolve the sugar in the water with a 
gentle heat.) 

Use. To cover nauseous tastes; but it seldom renders 
medicine more pleasant, and might well be alto- 
gether dispensed with. It is the base of most of 
the other syrups. 

N. B. The Syrups should never be kept in a tem- 
perature that exceeds 55°. All syrups that con- 
tain vegetable mucilage are apt to become ropy and 



SYR 151 

acescent, or deposite crystals of sugar. They are, 
therefore, more suitable for the winter season. 
They should never be prepared in quantities, so as 
to be kept long on hand. 

SYRUPUS ACACLE. Syrup of Gum Arabic. (R. 
Gum Arabic 8 parts, Sugar 64 parts, BoiliDg Water 
32 parts, Orange-flour Water 1 part. Dissolve the 
gum in the boiling water, frequently stirring, then 
add the sugar; boil so as to form a syrup, and strain; 
when cold, add the orange-flower water.) 

SYRUPUS ACETL Syrup of Vinegar. (Aceti Gal- 
lica gxj, Sacch. Pur. gxiv. Boil them so as to form 
a syrup. 

Refrigerant, antiseptic. 

Use. In fevers, diluted with water, as a beverage ; 
and in scorbutus. 

Dose. f£j to fgij. 

SYRUPUS ALLII. Syrup of Garlic. R. Of Fresh 
Garlic sliced ^vj, Distilled Vinegar Oj, Sugar lbij. 
Macerate the garlic in the vinegar, in a glass ves- 
sel, four days; then express the liquor, and set it 
by, that the dregs may subside; lastly, add the 
sugar to the clear liquor, and remove any scum 
that may form, and strain the solution while hot. 

SYRUPUS AMYGDALAE. Syrup of Almonds. Sy- 
rup of Orgeat. (Take of sweet Almonds lb j , Bitter 
Almonds, §iv Water Oiij, Sugar K)vj. Having 
blanched the almonds, rub them in a mortar to a 
very fine paste, adding, during the trituration, 
fgiij of the water and ibj of the sugar. Mix the 
paste thoroughly with the remainder of the water; 
strain, with a strong expression; add the remainder 
of the sugar to the strained liquor, and dissolve 
with the aid of a gentle heat. Strain through fine 
linen, and having allowed it to cool, bottle, cork 
tightly, and keep in a cool place.) 



152 SYR 

SYRUPUS AURANTII. Syrup of Orange Peel. (Au- 
rant. Cort. recent, ^ijss, Aquae Ferv. Oj, Sacch. Pur. 
Ibiij. Macerate the peel in the water for twelve 
hours in a covered vessel; then to the decanted 
fluid add the sugar.) 

Slightly tonic; stomachic. 

Use. An elegant adjunct to stomachic draughts and 
mixtures. 

Dose. f"j to f^ij. 

SYRUPUS IPECACUANHA. Syrup of Ipecacuanha. 
(Ipecacuanha in coarse powder §iv, Rectified Spirit 
Oij, Proof Spirit, Water, ofeachf^xiv, Syrup Ovij. 
Digest the ipecacuanha in the rectified spirit for 
twenty-four hours, squeeze, and filter. Repeat this 
process with the proof spirit; and again with the 
water. Unite the fluids, and distil to § x y- Add 
5V of rectified spirit, and then the syrup.) 

Expectorant and emetic. 

Use. In bronchitis, asthma, croup and catarrh. 

Dose, f^j to f^ij. 

SYRUPUS KRAMERIJE. Syrup of Rhatany. (Take 
of Extract of Rhatany gij, Water Oj, Sugar Ibijss. 
Dissolve the extract in the water and filter, then 
add the sugar, remove the scum, and strain while 
hot.) 

Astringent and tonic. 

Dose. f^ss. 

Use. In all cases where astringents are indicated. 

SYRUPUS LIMONUM. Syrup of Lemons. (Limo- 
nis Succi colati Oj, Sacchari Purif. ibijss. 

Cooling, antiseptic. 

Use. To sweeten and acidulate barley-water, and 
other diluting fluids, in inflammatory and bilious 
fever. A useful addition to detergent gargles. 

Dose, f^j to f^ij or more. 

SYRUPUS RHEI. Syrup of Rhubarb. (Take of 



SYR 153 

Rhubarb bruised gij, Boiling Water Oj, Sugar Tbij. 
Macerate the rhubarb in the water twenty-four 
hours, and strain; then add the sugar, and proceed 
in the manner directed for Syrup. Aliii.) 

SYRUPUS RHEI AROMATICUS. Aromatic Syrup 
of rhubarb. (Take of rhubarb bruised §ijfs, 
Cloves, Cinnamon, bruised, each gss, Nutmeg, 
bruised gij, Diluted Alcohol Oij, Svrup Ovj. Ma- 
cerate the rhubarb and aromatics in the diluted 
alcohol for fourteen days, and strain; then, by 
means of a water-bath, evaporate the liquor to Oj. 
And ^hile hot mix it with the syrup previously 
heated.) 

Dose. For an infant f^j. 

SYRUPUS SARSAPARiLL^E COMPOSITUS. Com- 
pound Syrup of Sarsaparilla. (Take of Sarsaparilla 
bruised lb ij, Guaiacum Wood rasped giij, Hundred- 
Leaved Roses, Senna, Liquorice Root, bruised, each 
gij, Oil Sassafras, Oil Anise, each ttj^v, Oil of Par- 
tridge berry ^iij, Diluted Alcohol Ox, Sugar Ibviij. 
Macerate the sarsaparilla, guaicum, roses, senna, 
and liquorice root in the diluted alcohol, fourteen 
days ; then express and filter. Evaporate the tinc- 
ture by means of a water-bath to four pints, filter, 
add the sugar, remove any scum which may form, 
and strain the solution while hot.) 

Dose, f^ss three times a day. 

SYRUPUS SENN^l. Syrup of Senna. (Sennse Fo- 
lior. §ijss, Foeniculi contus. gx, Mannge §iij, Sac- 
char. Pur. § xv, Aquae Ferv. Oj. Macerate the 
senna leaves and fennel seeds for twelve hours, 
strain, adding the manna and sugar to the juice, to 
form a syrup.) 

Purgative. 

Use. For the costiveness of children, and persons of 
a delicate habit of body. 



154 SYR 

Dose, f^ij to f^ss or more. 

SYRUPUS PRUNI VIRGINIANS. Syrup of Wild 
Cherry Bark. (Powdered Bark gv, Cold Water Oj. 
sugar 2 lbs.) 

Dose. f^ss. 

SYRUPUS SCILLiE. Syrup of Squill. ( Ac eti S cil- 
ice Oiij, Sacch. Pur. cont. Ibvij.) 

Diuretic, expectorant, emetic. 

Use. In the same cases as those for which the oxy- 
mel is employed ; as an emetic, it is given only to 
children. 

Dose, f^j to f^ij. 

SYRUPUS SClLLiE COxYIPOSITUS. Compound 
Syrup of Squill. Hive Syrup. (Take of Squill 
bruised, Seneka, each giv, Tartrate of Antimony 
and Potassa gr. xlviij, Water Oiv, Sugar Ibiijss. 
Pour the water upon the squill and seneka, and 
having boiled to one half, strain and add the sugar; 
then evaporate to Oiij, and while the syrup is still 
hot, dissolve in it the tartrate of antimony and po- 
tassa.) 

Use. In croup, and as an expectorant in pulmo- 
nary and catarrhal affections. 

Dose. For children ten drops to gj. 

SYRUPUS SENEGA. Syrup of Seneka. (Take of 
Seneka bruised giv, Water Oj, Sugar lbj. Boil the 
water with the seneka, to one-half and strain; then 
add the sugar, remove the scum, and strain.) 

A very useful expectorant. 

Use. In bronchial and pulmonary affections. 

Dose, f^ss to fgij. 

SYRUPUS TOLUTANUS. Syrup of Tolu. (Balsam 
Tolutani ^x, Aq. Ferv. Oj, Sacch. Pur. Ibijss. Boil 
the balsam for half an hour in a covered vessel, oc- 
casionally stirring ; strain when cold, and add sugar 
to the liquor so as to form a syrup.) 



TAN 155 

Use. Simply to give its agreeable flavor to draughts, 
mixtures, and emulsions. 

Dose, f^j to f^iv. 

SYRUPUS Z1NGIBER1S. Syrup of Ginger. (Zin- 
giberis concise gijss, Aquaa Ferv. Oj, Sacch. 
Purif. Ibijss. To the strained liquor add the sugar, 
so as to form a syrup.) 

Cordial, stomachic, carminative. 

Use. As an adjunct to bitter and tonic infusions. 

Dose. £j *° 3*ij« 

TABACUM. The Leaves of Tobacco. (Nicotiana 
Tabacum. ) 

Narcotic, sedative, diuretic, emetic, cathartic, errhine, 
a violent poison, whether externally applied or taken 
into the stomach. 

Use. In ileus and incarcerated hernia, in the form of 
clysters of the infusion, or the smoke in dropsy and 
dysuria; showing it relieves the pain of toothache; 
and as an errhine, it forms the basis of all the snuffs 
in common use. The infusion has been used as a 
lotion in scabies, tinea capitis, and other eruptions, 
but it is apt to induce sickness. 

Dose. See Infusum Tabaci. For clysters, gj is in- 
fused in Oj of boiling water. 

TAMABINDUS. The pulp of Tamarind. (T. indica.) 

Laxative, refrigerant. 

Use. In dysentery and fevers, particularly those at- 
tended with an increased secretion of bile, and pu- 
trid symptoms. Tamarind whey, made by boiling 
^ij of the fruit with Ojss milk, and straining, is 
an excellent diluent in fevers. 

Dose, gss to ^ij often added to senna and to manna. 

Incomp. Carbonates, and acetates of potassa and 
soda; the resinous cathartics; infusum senna?. 

TANACETUM. Leaves of Tansy. {T. vulgar e.) 

Tonic, decbstruent, anthelmintic,. 



156 T I N 

Use. In gout; hysteria, connected with suppression 

of the menses ; in worms, seldom used. 
Dose, ^ss to 3J. It is drunk as a tea by gouty people. 

TAPIOCA. Tapioca (fecula of root Janipha Manihot. ) 

A nutritious diet. 

TARAXACUM. The root of Dandelion. (Leonto- 
don taraxacum.) 

Aperient, diuretic, resolvent. 

Use. In chronic inflammation, and incipient scirrhus 
of the liver; chronic derangements of the stomach; 
dropsy, pulmonary tubercles and jaundice. 

Dose, fgij of the following decoction three or four 
times a day: R. The full-grown roots sliced giv. 
water Oij. Boil gently to a pint, strain, and add 
bitartrate of potassa giij. 

Incomp. Infusion of galls, nitrate of silver, bichloride 
of mercury, acetates of lead, sulphate of iron. 

TESTiE. Oyster Shells (burnt.) 

Antacid, absorbent. 

Use. Chiefly in the acidities of infancy; and during 
dentition. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^ij. 

TINCTURY ACONLTI FOLIORUM. Tincture of 
Aconite Leaves. (Aconite Leaves ^iv, Dil. Alcohol 
Oij. Macerate 14 days.) 

Dose. 20 to 30 drops. 

TINCTURA ACONITI RADICIS. Tincture of Aco- 
nite Root. (Aconite Root 1 ft)., Alcohol Oij. Ma- 
cerate 14 days.) 

Dose, "n^v, gradually increased. 

TINCTURA ALOES. Tincture of Aloes. (Aloes cont. 
gj, Ext. Glycyrrhizse giij, Aquae Ojss, Spir. Rect. 
Oss. Macerate for fourteen days, and strain.) 

Use. The same as the extract of Aloes. 

Dosb f^ss to f5iss 

TINCTURA ALOES ET MYREHiE. Compound 



TIN 157 

Tincture of Aloes. Elixir Proprietatis. (Aloes 
cont. giv, Croci gij, Tinct. Myrrhae Oij. Digest 
fourteen days, and strain.) 

Purgative, stomachic, emmenagogue. 

Use. To open the bowels in languid cold habits: in 
chlorosis. 

Dose, f^j to fgij. 

TINCTURA ARJSIC^E. Tincture of Arnica. (Arnica 
Flowers 5J SS > Proof Spirit gxij. Digest seven days, 
express and strain.) 

Use. In paralysis, nervous headaches, &c. Exter- 
nally to sprains, &c. 

Dose, ^ss to gij. 

TINCTURA ASSAFCETIDA. Tincture of Assafoetida. 
(Assafoetida gv, Spir. Rectif. Oij. Macerate for 
fourteen days, and filter.) 

U&e. The same as the Assafoetida. 

Dose. f^j. (It becomes turbid when mixed with 
water.) 

TINCTURA BELLADONNA. Tincture of Belladon- 
na. (Belladonna Leaves, giv, Dil. Alcohol Oij. 
Macerate fourteen days.) 

Dose. 15 to 80 drops. 

TINCTURA BENZOINI COMPOSITE. Compound 
Tincture of Benzoin. (Benzoini ^iijss, Styracis co- 
lati fgijss, Balsami Tolutani ^x, Aloes gv, Spiritus 
Rect. Oij. Macerate for fourteen days.) 

Stimulant, expectorant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In old asthmatic cases ; chronic catarrh ; phthi- 
sis with a languid circulation. It is applied to 
wounds and languid ulcers, which it stimulates 
gently, and covers from the action of the air. 

Dose, f^ss to f^ij rubbed up with yolk of egg, and 
any fluid. 

TINCTURA BUCHU. Tincture of Buchu. (Buchu 

14 



158 TIN 

^ijss, Spiritus Tenuiorls mensura Ibj. Macerate 
for seven days and strain.) 

Use. The same as that of the leaves. 

Dose. From gj to f^iv. 

TINCTURA CAMPHOR.E. Tincture of Camphor. 
(Camphorce gv, Spir. Rect. Oij. Mix, that the 
camphor may be dissolved.) 

Anodyne. 

Use. A useful topical application in rheumatic and 
other p lins. 

TINCTURA CANNABIS INDICES. Tincture of In- 
dian Hemp. (Ext. Cannabis Ind. gss, [avoirdu- 
pois,] Rectified Spirit Oss [Imperial.] Dissolve.) 

Dose. n^20 gradually increased. 

TINCTURA CANTHARIDIS. Tincture of the Spa- 
nish Fly. (Cantharidis contus. giv, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Diuretic, stimulant, narcotic. 

Use. In gleet, hydrops ovarii, and leucorrhoea; but 
it is chiefly used as an external application, united 
■with Soap or Camphor Liniment, against rheumatic 
and other pains. 

Dose, i^x to fgj. 

TINCTURA C APSICI. Tincture of Capsicum. (Cap- 
sici gx, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Stimulant. 

Use. In the low stage of typhus, cynanche maligna , 
and other diseases of debility. In gargles in ma- 
lignant cynanche. 

Dose, f^s to f^j or more, f^ij in a gargle of f^vj. 

TINCTURA CAPSrCI ET CANTHARIDUM. Tinc- 
ture of Cayenne Pepper and Blistering Flies. (Can- 
tharidum contusarum £x, Capsici gj, Alcoholis di- 
luti Oj. Digest for ten days, and filter.) 

Stimulant, rubefacient. 

Use. As a counter-irritant in deep-seated painful af- 
fections. 



TIN 159 

TINCTURA CARDAMOMI. Tincture of Cardamoms. 
(CarcUm. contus. §iijss, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Use. The same as of the seeds. 

Dose, f^j to f3ij or more. 

TINCTURA CARDAMOMI COMPOSITA. Compound 
Tincture of Cardamom. (Cardamom gvi, Caraway 
gij, Cinnamon ^v, Raisins ^v, Cochineal gj, Dilute 
Alcohol Oij ss. Bruise. Macerate fourteen days .) 

Aromatic, carminative. 

Dose, f^jtof^ij. 

TINCTURA CA3TOREI. Tincture of Castor. (Cas- 
torei cont. ^ijss, Spir. Rectificati Oij. Macerate 
for fourteen days.) 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In the neuroses, hysteria, and spasmodic affec- 
tions. 

Dose, t^xx to f^ij or more. 

TINCTURA CATECHU. Tincture of Catechu. (Ca- 
techu §Hjss, Cinnam. contusi gijss, Spir. Ten. Oij. 
Macerate for fourteen days.) 

Astringent. 

Use. In chronic dysentery and diarrhoea; leucor- 
rhoea, and debilities. 

Dose, f ^j to f ^ij in wine or some bitter infusion. 

T1NCTUKA CINCHONA. Tincture of Cinchona. 
(Cinchonas Cordifoliaa cont. jfviij, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Use. The same as of the bark; but owing to the 
quantity required to be exhibited to produce the 
effect of cinchona, the infusion or decoction is pre- 
ferred. 

Dose, fg] to f^iij. 

TINCTURA CINCHONA COMPOSITA. Compound 
Tincture of Cinchona. (Cinchonee Lancifoliae cont. 
3iv, Aurant. Cort. exsiccati giij, Serpentarise cont. 
gvj, Croci cont. £ij, Cocci cont. ^j, Spirit. Ten. 
Oij. Macerate for fourteen da3 7 s, and filter.) 



160 TIN 

Tonic, antiperiodic, diaphoretic. 

Use. The same as the former: but it is more grate- 
ful, and therefore more frequently used in dyspep- 
sia, and as an adjunct to disulphate of quiuia in 
agues. 

Dose, f^j to f^iij. 

TINCTUKA CINNAMOMI. Tincture of Cinnamon. 
(Cinnamomi contusi giijss, Spirit. Tenuioris Oij.) 

Astringent, stomachic. 

Use. As an adjunct to astringent infusions ; in chro- 
nic diarrhoea and dysentery; in dyspepsia, added 
to bitter infusions. 

Dose, f^j to fzij. 

TINCTUKA CINNAMOMI COMPOSITA.^Compound 
Tincture of Cinnamon. (Cinnam. cont §j, Cardam 
cont. £ss, Piperis Longi cont., Zingiberis cont., 
sing. ,^ijss, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Use. The same as the simple tincture ; but is more 
cordial, and therefore more useful in languors and 
weakness. 

Dose, f~j to f^ij. 

TINCTUKA COLCHICI. Tincture of Colchicum. 
(Seminum Colchici Autumnnlis^v, Spiritus Tenui- 
oris Ibij. Macerate for fourteen davs, and then 
strain.) 
Use. The same as those of the dried bulb. 

Dose, m>x to ^j. 

TINCTURA COLCHICI. COMPOSITA. Compound 
Tincture of Colchicum. (Colchicum Seeds t ^v, 
Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia Oij [Imperial.] Ma- 
cerate seven days.) 
Dose. 30 drops to f^j. 

TINCTURA COLOMBO. Tincture of Calumba. (Ca- 
lumbae concise j|iij, Spir. Tenu 
for fourteen clays, and strain.) 



TIN 161 

Use. The same as of the root ; but more easily borne 
on the stomach than either the powder or the in- 
fusion. 

Dose, f^ss to f^iv. 

TINCTURA CONII. Tincture of Hemlock. (Conii 
Fol. siccat. gv, Cardamomi contus. §j, Spir. Ten. 
Oij.) 

I se. The same as that of the leaves and extract. 

Dose, ti^xxs to f^j. 

TINCTURA CUBEBJE. Tincture of Cubebs. (Cu- 
bebge cont. gv, Spiritus Rec. Oij. Macerate for 
fourteen days, and filter.) 

Dose. z;j to gij. 

TINCTURA DIGITALIS. Tincture of Foxglove. 
(Digitalis Fol. exsiccat. giv, Spir. Ten Oij.) 

Use. The same as of the leaves. It is, perhaps, the 
best form under which this powerful remedy can be 
used, and its virtues longest preserved; butitshould 
be made with recently dried leaves. 

Dose, rrj^x gradually increased to tt^xx. 

TINCTURA FERRI CHLORIDE Tincture of Mu- 
riate of Iron. Ferri Sesquioxidi gvj, Acid Hydro- 
chlorici Oj, Spir. Rectificati Oiij. Add the acid to 
the sesquioxide in a glass vessel, and shake it 
during three days. Add to the spirit and strain.) 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Use. Besides the cases for which salts of iron are 
usually employed, this tincture has been found servi- 
ceable in dysury, depending on spasmodic stricture 
of the urethra, in small doses repeated every fifteen 
minutes, till nausea is produced. It is also applied 
as a styptic to bleeding vessels in cancerous and 
loose fungous sores. 

Dose. ttj£x gradually increased to f^j. 

Incomp. Alkalies, lime-water, magnesia, and their 
14* 



162 TIN 

carbonates; astringent vegetable infusions and de- 
coctions; mucilage of acacia. 
TINCTURA GALLiE. Tincture of the Gall. (Gallse 

contrit. §v, Spir. Vini Ten. Oij.) 
Astringent. 
Use. In intestinal hemorrhages, and those of the 

prostate gland, obstinate protracted diarrhoea, and 

dysentery. 
Dose, f^j to fcpj. 
TINCTURA GALLSE ABOMATICUS. Aromatic 

Tincture of Galls. (R. Gallse, opt. pulv. gss, Cin- 

namomi pulv. ^ij, Zingiber, pulv. £ss, Spts. Vini. 

Gall. opt. Oss. M. Stand two hours, burn off the 

brandy, and strain.) 
The credit of this beautiful preparation, which I have 

found of service in entero-colitis, hemorrhoids, &c. , 

is due to Dr. Couper, of Newcastle, Delaware. 
Dose. Gtt. xv to gtt. xl, every two to four hours. 
TINCTURA GENTIANiE COMPOSITE. Compound 

Tincture of Gentian. (Gentianoe concisge ^ijss, 

Aurant. Cort. exsiccat. ^x, Cardamomi contusi gv, 

Spir. Ten. Oij.) 
Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. An elegant adjunct to stomachic infusions. 
Dose, f~j to f^ij. 
TINCTURA GUAIACI. Tincture of Guaiacum. 

(Guaiaci Res. cont. ,^vij, Spir. Rect. Oij.) 
Stimulant, sudorific, laxative. 
Use. In rheumatic and arthritic cases. 
Dose, fjj to f^iij, triturated with mucilage, or some 

viscid substance, as water alone precipitates the 

guaiacum. 
TINCTURA GUAIACI AMMONIATA. Compound 

Tincture of Guaiacum. (Guaiaci Resinaa cont. $\ij, 

Spir. Ammonia? Aromat. Oj.) 



TIN 163 

Stimulant, sudorific, antispasmodic. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, for which it is more 
particularly adapted than the former preparation. 

Dose, f^ss to fjj io milk, or any viscid fluid. 

Incomp. Nitrous acid, sweet spirits of nitre, solution 
of chlorine. 

TINCTURA HELLEBORL Tincture of Black Hel- 
lebore. (Hellebori concise gv, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Alterative, emmenagogue, purgative. 

Use. In uterine obstructions in full plethoric habits 
where chalybeates would be hurtful; in cutaneous 
eruptions. 

Dose, f^ss to f^j in water twice a day. 

TINCTURA HUAJULI. Tincture of Hops. (Humuli 
gv, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Tonic, sedative. 

Use. In gout and rheumatism. 

Dose, f^j to £iij. 

TINCTURA HYOSCYAMI. Tincture of Henbane. 
(Hyoscyami fol. exsiccat. gv, Spir, Ten. Oij.) 

Narcotic, anodyne. 

Use. To produce sleep and quiet in those cases for 
which laudanum is used. It does not affect the 
head nor occasion costiveness. 

Dose. it£xxx to f^j. 

TINCTURA IODIN1I. Tincture of Iodine. (Iodine 
gj, Rectified Spirit fgxvj.) 

Use. The same as that of Iodine. 

TINCTURA IODINII COMPOSITA. Compound 
Tincture of Iodine. (Iodinii gj, Potassi Iodidii gij, 
Spiritus Rectificati Oij. Dissolve the Iodine and 
filter. Preserve the mixture in a closely stoppered 
vessel.) 
Use. In scrofula, bronchocele, and chlorosis. 

Dose. From m?x to ir^xxx, in a little syrup and wa- 
ter three times a day. 



164 TIN 

TINCTURA JALAPS. Tincture of Jalap. (Jalapse 
cont. ^x, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Cathartic. 

Use. As an adjunct to purgative draughts. 

Dose, f:g to fgij. 

TINCTURA KINO. Tincture of Kino. (Kino con- 
triti giijss, Spir. Kect. Oij.) 

AstriDgent. 

Use. In chronic diarrhoea, dysentery, fluor albus, and 
lientery. 

Dose, f^j to f^ij. 

TINCTURA LOBELIA. Tincture of Lobelia. (Lo- 
belia in powder ^iv, Proof Spirit Ojss.) 

Emetic, diuretic, expectorant. 

Use. For the administration of the lobelia in minute 
doses in spasmodic asthma. 

Dose, rt^xx to fgj. 

TINCTURA MYKRHJE. Tincture of Myrrh. (Myr- 
rh se contusae §iij, Spir. Rect. Oij.) 

Tonic, deobstruent, antiseptic, detergent. 

Use. In the same cases as the powder; but it is 
chiefly used externally, united to infusion of roses 
and acids, in gargles; applied to foul ulcers, and 
exfoliating bones; and as a wash for the mouth, 
when the gums are spongy. 

Dose, f^ss to f^j. 

TINCTURA OLEI MENTHA PIPERITA. Essence 
of Peppermint, (Peppermint oil f§ij, Alcohol Oj.) 

Dose. 10 to 20 drops. 

TINCTURA OPII. Tincture of Opium. (Opii duri 
contriti giij, Spir. Ten. Oij) Nineteen minims 
contain one grain of opium. 

Anodyne. 

Use. To allay pain, relax spasms, and to procure 
sleep. Externally this tincture has a considerable 
effect when it is rubbed upon the skin. In fever it 



TIN 165 

should be given when moisture begins to appear on 
the skin. 

Dose, tr^x to t^xxx or more. 

Incomp. Liquor ammonia; potassse, carbonas potas- 
sa3; soda3; metallic salts; astringent vegetable in- 
fusions and decoctions. 

TINCTURA OPII ACETATA. Acetated tincture of 
Opium. (Opium pulv. gij, Vinegar f^xii, Alcohol 
Oss. Mix the first two, add the alcohol, and ma- 
cerate 14 days.) 

Dose. t^IO, equal to one gr. opium. 

TINCTURA OPII CAMPtiORATA. Paregoric. (Cam- 
phors ^ijss, Opii Duri cont ., Acidi Benzoica, sing, 
grs. lxxij, Anisi Olei fgj, Spir. Ten. Oij.) T. Opii 
camphorata, fgj contains nearly grs. ij. of opium. 
Anodyne. 

Use. In catarrh, after the inflammatory symptoms 
are abated, to allay the tickling cough, chronic asth- 
ma ; pertussis ; and in cases where quiet, rather 
than sleep, is required. 

Dose, f^j to fgiij at bed time, to chMdren ttj£v to 
^xx, in almond mixture. 

TINCTURA QUASSLE. Tincture of Quassia. (Ligni 
Quassise gj, Spir. Vin. Ten. Oij.) 
Tonic. 

Use. As an adjunct to stomachic infusions ; or taken 
diluted with water, in dyspepsia and other cases of 
debility. 

Dose. f^j. to fgij. 

TINCTURA RHET. Tincture of Rhubarb. (Rhu- 
barb powdered giij, Cardamom Seeds bruised giv, 
Proof Spirit Oij.) 

TINCTURA RHEI ET ALOES. Tincture of Rhu- 
barb and Aloes. (Rad. Rhei Palmati con. gx, Aloes 
Soc. cont. ^vj, Sem. Cardamomi cont. gss, Alcoho- 
lis Diluti Oij.) 



166 TIN 

TINCTURA RHEI ET GENTIANS. Tincture of 
Rhubarb and Gentian. (Rad. Rhei Palmati cont. 
gij, Gentiante. Lutese cont. gss, Alcoholis Diluti 
Oij.) All these tinctures of rhubarb are stomachic 
or purgative, according to the dose of them em- 
ployed. 

Use. In dyspepsia, debility of the intestines, flatulent 
colic, diarrhoea ; and the costiveness of old people, 
or of cold plegmatic habits. 

Dose, fgj to fgij, as a stomachic; fgiv to fgj, as 
a purgative. 

TINCTURA RHEI ET SENNJE. Tincture of Rhu- 
barb and Senna. (Rhei gj, Senna ^ij Coriander, 
Eennel aa gj, Red Saunders spj, Saffron, Liquorice 
aa £ss, Raisins J lb., Dil. Alcohol Oiij.) Macerate 
14 days. 

Dose, fgss to fgij. 

TINCTURA SAJNGUINARLE. Tincture of Blood- 
Root. (Sanguinarioe contusse gij, Alcoholis diluti 
Oj. Digest for ten days, and filter.) 

Use. In the*same cases as the powder. 

Dose. From tr^x to f^ss. 

TINCTURA SAPONis CAMPHORATA. Campho- 
rated Tincture of Soap. (Castile Soap giv, Cam- 
phor ^ij, Oil Rosemary f§ss, Water fjiv, Alcohol 
Oij) ^ 

TINCTURA SCILLiE. Tincture of Squill. (Scillae 
recent, exsiccatse ^v, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Use. The same as of the bulb in substance. 

Dose, tt^x to f^j in almond mixture or mucilage. 

TINCTURA SENN^E ET JALAPS. Tincture of 
Senna and Jalap. (Senna giij. Jalap gj, Coriander, 
Caraway aa gss, Cardamom gij, Dil. Alcohol Oiij. 
Macerate 14 days.) 

Dose, fgij to fgj. 

TINCTURA SERPENTARLE. Tincture of Snake 
Root. (Serpentarise cont. giijss, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Tonic, stimulant, sudorific. 



TIN 167 

Use. United -with infusion of cinchona in typhoid 

and putrid fevers; in gout; and periodic headache. 
Dose, f^ss to f^ij. 
TINCTURA STRAMONII. Tincture of Stramonium. 

(Stramonium Seed giv, Dil. Alcohol Oij. Macerate 

14 days.) 
Dose. trj^lO to "^20, gradually increased. 
TINCTURA TOLUTANI. Tincture of Balsam of 

Tolu. (Balsami Toluiferae BaL, ^jss, Alcoholis 

fg xv J ) 

Supposed to be expectorant; corroborant. 

Use. Scarcely ever used except on account of its 
pleasant flavor. The following is an elegant form 
of giving the medicine in obstinate coughs devoid 
of inflammatory symptoms ; R. Tincturae balsami 
tolutani f^ij, mucilag. gummi acacias fgj, aquae 
dest. f^ivss, tinct. camph. comp f^iij, syr. tolu- 
tan. fgiij.) 

Take two tablespoonfuls occasionally, when the 
cough is troublesome. 

Dose, f^ss to f^j or more. 

TINCTURA VALERIANA. Tincture of Valerian. 
(Valerianae cont. !§v. Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Stimulant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In nervous and spasmodic affections ; but it 
has less efficacy than the powder. 

Dose, f^ss to fxij. 

TINCTURA VALERIANA AMMONIATI. Com- 
pound Tincture of Valerian. (Valerianae 3 v. Spir. 
Ammoniae Aromat. Oij.) 

Use. The same as the former; but, on account of 
the ammonia, this is more useful in hysteria. 

Dose, f^ss to fgij in milk or some bland fluid. 

TINCTURA ZINGIBERS. Tincture of Ginger. 
(Zingiberis concisi gijss, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 
Stimulant, carminative. 



168 TRI 

Use. In atonic gout, when it attacks the stomach; 
flatulencies; and as a corrigent to griping purga- 
tives. 

Dose. 13J to giij. 

TORMENTiLLA. Tormentil Root. (Potentilla tor- 
mentilla.) 

Astringent. 

Use. In the same cases as other astringents; but as 
it does not increase the heat of the body, tormentil 
is preferred in phthisical diarrhoea. 

Dose. Grs. x to 3J of the powder; or fjij of the fol- 
lowing decoction: — R. Pulv. tormentillae §j, aq. 
purae Oj, decoque ad f^xii et cola. 

TOXICODENDRON. Poison-oak. (Rhus toxicon- 
dendron ) 

Stimulant and narcotic; an acrid narcotic poison. 

Use. In paralytic affections and hepatic eruptions; 
but in the former its efficacy is doubtful; also in 
dropsy and phthisis. 

Dose. Gr. ss to grs. iv, twice or thrice a day. 

TRAGACANTHA. Tragacanth. {Astragalus verus.) 

Demulcent. 

Use. Small quantities held in the mouth, and swal- 
lowed very slowly, sheath the fauces and allay tick- 
ling cough; but it is chiefly used for pharmaceuti- 
cal purposes, to suspend heavy, insoluble powders, 
and to impart consistency to troches. 

Dose. Grs. x to gj. 

Incomp Cupri sulphas, plumbi acetas, and sulphas 
ferri. precipitate its mucilage. 

TRIFOL1UM PRATENSE. Red Clover. 
Recommended in cancerous ulcers. 

TRILLIUM PENDULUM. Bethroot. 
Astringent, tonic, antiseptic. 

Dose, gj of powdered root, gj to ^iij fluid ext. 

TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM. Fever Root. 



TEO 169 

Cathartic, emetic, and diuretic. 

Use. In the commencement of fevers. 

Dose. 3j to £ss of thepowder acts as a cathartic; of 
the extract, grs. x to J)j. It may be given with ad- 
vantage, combined with calomel. 

TROCHISCI ACACLE. Gum Troches. (Acacia 
giv, Amyli §j, Sacch. Pur. Ibj. Make up the 
troches with rose-water.) 

Demulcent. 

Use. For allaying tickling cough. 

Dose. Two or more, ad libitum. 

TROCHISCI CRETA. Lozenges of Chalk. (Cretee 
Praepar. giv, Acacne gj, Nuces Myrist. 5J, ^acch. 
Pur. gvj. Rub them together, and form them into 
troches with water.) 

Antacid, absorbent. 

Use. Against acidity of the stomach ; cardialgia. 

Dose. Two, three, or more occasionally. 

TROCHISCI GLYCYRRHIZA ET OPII. Troches 
of Liquorice and Opium. (Take of opium in pow- 
der gss, Liquorice in powder, Sugar in powder, 
Gum Arabic in powder, each gx, Oil of Anise 31J. 
Mix- the powders intimately; theu add the oil of 
anise, and with water form them into a mass, to 
be divided into lozenges, each weighing six grains.) 

TROCHISCI IPECACUANHA. Troches of Ipeca- 
cuanha. (R. Of Ipecac, in powder gss, Sugar in 
powder gxiv, Arrowroot giv, Mucil. of Tragacanth. 
q. s. IViix intimately, and make into troches often 
grains each.) 
TROCHISCI MAGNESLE. Magnesia Lozenges. 
(Carb. of Magnesia Ivj, Pure Sugar 5iij, Nutmeg 

Antacid. 

Use. In cardialgia, and atonic dyspepsia. 
TROCHISCI MENTHA PIPERITA. Troches of 
15 



170 UNG 

Peppermint. (Take of oil of Peppermint f^j, Su- 
gar in powder flbj, Mucil. Tragacanth. q. s. Rub 
the oil of peppermint with the sugar till they are 
thoroughly mixed ; then with the mucilage form 
them into a mass, to be divided into troches, each 
weighing ten grains.) 

TROCH1SCI MORPHLE ET IPECACUANHA, 
Morphia and Ipecacuanha Lozenges. (Mur. of 
MorphiaQj, Ipecacuanha in powder £j, Tinct. Tolu 
f^ss, Pure Sugar gxxv. Make into lozenges weigh- 
ing fifteen grains each.) 

Use. A substitute for Dover's powder. 

TUSSILAGO. Coltsfoot. (T.farfara.) 

Demulcent, expectorant. 

Use. In coughs, phthisis, other pulmonary complaints, 
and cutaneous diseases. 

Dose, gss to gj in milk. It is more generally given 
in decoction, made with a handful of the leaves 
boiled in two pints of water to one pint; strained 
and sweetened with syrup; the dose, a teacupful 
occasionally. 

ULMUS. The inner bark of Elm. ( U. fulva.) 

Tonic, alterative, diuretic, demulcent, nutritious. 

Use. In lepra and other cutaneous affections; diar- 
rhoea, dysentery, diseases of the urinary organs. 
Externally as an emollient. 

Dose. Of decoction §iv to ^vj. 

UNGUENTUM ANTIMONII. Ointment of Potassio- 
Tartrate of Antimony. (Antimonii Potassio-Tar- 
tratis in pulv. tritae gj, Adipis giv. Mix.) 

As a topical stimulant, to cause a pustular eruption 
on the skin, and produce counter-irritation. 

Use. In internal inflammations, and rheumatism of 
the joints. 

UNGUENTUM AQUA ROSA. Ointment of Rose- 
Water. (Take Rose-Water, Oil of Almonds, each 
fgij, Spermaceti gss, White Wax £j. Melt toge- 



UNG 171 

ther by means of a water-bath, the oil, spermaceti, 
and wax ; then add the rose-water, and stir the 
mixture till cold.) 
UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDI8. Ointment of Can- 
tharides. (Cantharidis pulveris subtil, gj, Cerati 
Resini giv, Aquse Destillatas f^iv. Boil the can- 
tharides in the water to one-half, then mix the ce- 
rate to the strained fluid, and evaporate.) 
Irritant. 

Use. To keep open issues and blisters. 
UNGUENTUM BELLADONNA. Ointment of Bel- 
ladonna. (Ext. Bellad. ^j, Lard gj ^ 
UNGUENTUM CREOSOTE Ointment of Creosote. 

(Creosoti gss, Lard gj. Rub and mix.) 
Stimulant. 
Use. As a counter-irritant, and as an application in 

porrigo scutulata. 
UNGUENTUM CUPRI SUB-ACETATIS. Oint- 
ment of Subacetate of Copper. (JJ. Sub-Aceta^ 
Cupri ^j, Ceras Simpl. gxv. Mix.) 
UNGUENTUM GALLA. Ointment of Galls, (gj of 

powdered galls with gvij of lard.) 
Use. An application in piles. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI. Ointment of Mer- 
cury. (Hydrargyri lb ij. Adipis Ovis Arietis gj, 
Adipis gxxiij.) .^ij contain ^j of mercury. 
UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI* N1TRATIS. Oint- 
ment of Nitrate of Mercury. Citron Ointment 
(Hydrargyri §j, Acidi Nitrici f£xj, Adipis gvj, 
Olivee Olei f§iv. Dissolve the mercury in the acid; 
and to the liquor, while it is hot, add the fat and 
oil melted together.) 
UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI OXIDI RUBRI. 
Red precipitate ointment. (Red precipitate in very 
fine powder 3J, Simple Ointment gj. Mix well.") 
Use. In indolent ulcers, porrigo. chronic ophthalmia, 
&c. 



172 UNG 

UNGUENTUM IODINII. Ointment of Iodine. (Io- 
dine grs. xx, Alcohol ^xx, Lard gj. Rub the iodine 
first with the alcohol, then with the lard.) 

UNGUENTUM IODINII COMPOSITUM. Compound 

Ointment of Iodine. (Iodinii ^ss, Potassii Iodidi 

£j, Spir. Rect. fgj, Adipis gij. Rub the Iodide 

nd iodine with the spirit, and then add the lard. 

Rub together into an ointment.) 

Use. As an application to scrofulous tumours and 
bronchocele. 

UNGUENTUM MEZEREI. Ointment of Mezereon. 
(Mezereon sliced transversely ^iv, Lard^xiv, White 
Wax §ij. Moisten the Mezereon with alcohol, beat 
well in a mortar, digest with the lard in a saltwater 
bath 12 hours, strain, and let it cool slowly. Sepa- 
rate the medicated lard, and melt with the wax at 
a moderate heat. ) 

UNGUENTUM PICIS LIQUIDiE. Tar Ointment. 
Tar, Suet, aa Ibj. Melt, and strain through linen. 

Stimulant, detergent. 

Use. Against lepra, and other cutaneous, scabby and 
foul eruptions. 

UNGUENTUM PLUMBI CARBONATIS. Ointment 
of Carbonate of Lead. (Plumbi Carbonatis, inpul- 
verem subtilissimum redactigv, Unguenti Simpli- 
cis ^v, Acet. Plumb, gij, Ung. Simp. Ibj. Mix. 
Make into an ointment.) 

Use. In burns and irritable sores. 

UNGUENTUM SIMPLEX. Simple Ointment. (Olei 
Olivae Europe partes v, Ceroe Albee partes ij.) 

Emollient. 

Use. For softening the skin and healing chaps. 

UNGUENTUM STRAMONII. Ointment of Stramo- 
nium. (R.Fol. Stramonii [recent] ibj, Adipis fbiij, 
Cera? Flavae fbss. Boil the Stramonium leaves in 
the lard, till they become friable ; then strain through 



UVA 173 

linen. Lastly, add the wax, previously melted, and 
stir them until they are cold.) 

UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS. Sulphur Ointment 
(Sulphuris giij, Adipis Preep. Ibss, Bergami Olei 
rr^xx. Mix.) 

Stimulant. 

Use. In itch; the fourth part of the body should be 
well rubbed with the ointment every night, till the 
symptoms disappear. Sulphur should be taken in- 
ternally at the same time. When the smell is ob- 
jected to, the following may be used; Potassse Sub- 
carb. giv, Aquae Rosae §j, Hydrarg. Sulph. Rubri, 
3J. 01. Lavand. f^ss Sulph. Sublimati gxj, Adipis 
lbjss. Misce. 

UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS COMPOSITUM. Com- 
pound Sulphur Ointment. (Sulphuris lbss, Veratri 
cont. gij, Potassse Nitratis zj, Saponis Mollis lbss. 
Adipis lbjss, Bergami Olei njjxxx. Mix.) 

Use. The same as the former. It is more stimu- 
lant. 

UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS IODIDI. Iodide of 
Sulphur Ointment. (Iodide ^ss, Lard 3J.) 

Use. In chronic cutaneous eruptions. 

UNGUENTUM VERATRI. Ointment of White Hel- 
lebore. (Veratri contriti gij, Adipis 3 ^ ii j , Limonis 
Olei ^xx.) 

Stimulant. 

Use. In scabies and other cutaneous affections. 

UNGUENTUM ZINCI. Ointment of Oxide of zinc. 
(Zinci Oxydi gj, Adipis gvj.) 

Astringent, stimulant. 

Use. In ophthalmia, acrid scabby eruptions, and ex- 
coriated nipples. 

UVA PASSA. Raisins— laxative. 

UVA URSI. Leaves of Bear's Whortleberry. Red- 
15* 



174 VEK 

berried Trailing Whortleberry. (Arctostajihylos 
uva ursi.) Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In chronic diarrhoea and dysentery ; leucorrhoea, 
and diabetes. It has been celebrated in calculous 
and nephritic complaints; but it appears to act in 
the same manner as other astringents, by merely al- 
laying the pain and irritability of the bladder. In 
phthisis? 

Dose. Of the powder, grs. xv to ^ss. 

Jncomp. Salts of iron, tartar emetic, nitrate of silver 
salts of lead, infusion of yellow cinchona bark. 

VALERIANA. Valerian Root. ( V. officinalis.) 

Antispasmodic, tonic, emmenagogue. 

Use. Hysteria, epilepsy, hemicrania, chlorosis. 

Dose. Of the powder £)j to 33 three or four times a 
day, increasing it as far as the stomach can bear it. 

Jncomj). Salts of Iron. 

VERATRIA. Veratria. An alkali prepared from Sa- 
badilla. 

A powerful topical excitant. 

Use. Externally applied as an ointment in neuralgia, 
and in gouty and rheumatic paralysis. 

Dose. Not more than one-twelfth of a grain. 

VERATRUM ALBUM. White Hellebore Root. 

Violently emetic; purgative, even when applied exter- 
nally to an issue ; errhine ; externally stimulant. 

Use. Jt is never given internally, unless in maniacal 
cases, in which it is not more useful than other 
strong purges; and even its use to promote a dis- 
charge from the nose in apoplexy and lethargy re- 
quires great caution. For its external use, see 
Ointment. 

Dose. As an errhine, grs. iij or grs. iv, snuffed at bed- 
time. 

VERATRUM VIRIDE. American Hellebore. Slight- 
ly acrid, sedative, emetic, diaphoretic. 



VIN 175 

Use. It is becoming popular as an arterial sedative, 
in fevers, pneumonia, &c. 

Dose. Of the tincture "n^ii to ^v, repeated every 
hour or so, and watched till its effects appear on 
the pulse. The fluid extract is, perhaps, the pre- 
ferable form. 

VERBASCUM THAPSUS. Mullein. Demulcent, 
emollient, anodyne. An infusion used in mild ca- 

\ q y*t* n ^ 

VERBENA OFFICINALIS. Vervain. Formerly of 

repute in scrofula. 
VIOLA. Violet. ( V. Pedata.) Mucilaginous. Slightly 

VINUM ALOES. Wine of Aloes. (Aloes inpulv. 
tritaa Jij, Canellae cont. giv, Vini Xerici Oij. Ma- 
cerate fourteen days, shake often, and strain.) 

Purgative, stomachic, according to the dose. 

Use. In cold, phlegmatic habits, in paralysis, and 
gout, to clear the bowels ; in dyspepsia, and chlo- 
rosis. 

Dose, f^j to fgij to produce purging; f^j to f^ij as 
a stomachic. 

VINUM ANTIMONII. Solution of Tartarized Anti- 
mony. (Antimonii Tart. Qij, Vini Xerici Oj. Dis- 
solve the tartarized antimony in the wine.) f^j 
contains grs. ij of tartarized antimony. 

Emetic in large doses; diaphoretic. 

Use. To produce vomiting in children; in febrile 
and inflammatory diseases after purging, to pro- 
duce sweat without heating ; contra-indicated in 
low fevers. 

Dose, fgj, to f^j or a teaspoonful every five minutes 
produces full vomiting; ttj^xv to f^ij every two or 
three hours, in any proper vehicle, excite diapho- 
resis. 

Incomp. Preparations of cinchona, and bitter astrin - 
gent vegetables, &c. Vide Antimonii Potassio- 
Tartras. 



176 VIN 

VINUM COLCHICI RADICIS. Wine of Colchicum 
Root. (R. Colchici Cormi ^viij, Vini Xerici Oij. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and strain.) 

Diuretic, sedative, purgative. 

Use. In gout, rheumatism, and all inflammatery af- 
fections. 

Dose. From n^xxx to fgj, in any mild fluid. 

VINUM ERGOTS. Wine of Ergot. (Ergot, bruised 
gij, Sherry Wine Oj. Macerate 14 days.) 
Dose. In labour, f^ij to f^iij. 

VINUM IPECACUANHA. Wine of Ipecacuanha. 
(Ipecacuanha? concisae §ijss, Vini Xerici Oij.) 

Emetic, diaphoretic. 

Use. A good emetic for infants, as it operates more 
mildly than the antimonial wine : in coughs, diar- 
rhoea, dysentery, and hemorrhages. 

Dose. For the former intention fgiv to fgx in di- 
vided doses; for the latter, tt^x to trj^xxx in some 
proper vehicle, every two or three hours. 

VINUM OP1I. Wine of opium. (Extracti Opii gijss, 
Cinnam. Cort. cont., Caryophylli cont. sing. 31JSS, 
Vini Xerici Oij.) 

Narcotic anodyne. 

Use. In the same cases in which tincture of opium 
is used; bat it occasions less disturbance of the 
brain and nervous system ; and is therefore better 
suited for very young patients, nervous habits, and 
where the head is much affected. 

Dose, tt^x to f^j. 

VINUM RHEI. Rhubarb Wine. (Rad. Rhei con- 
cisse gij, Canellse pulv. £j, Alcoholis Diluti %ij$s- 
Vini Albi Hispani gxvjss.) 

Laxative, stimulant. 

Use. In weakness of the stomach and bowels; and in 
Diarrhoea from viscid mucus. 

Dose, fgiv to fgss. 

VINUM XERICUM. Spanish White Wine, or Sherry. 



XAN 177 

When good, and of a proper age, wine, in small 
quantities, is tonic, antispasmodic, and nutritive; 
■when new, flatulent and purgative, sooner intoxi- 
cating, and instead of strengthening, produces de- 
bility. 

Use. In the low and sinking stages of typhus fever, 
the judicious exhibition of it fills the pulse, and 
restores its firmness, without increasing delirium ; 
but it is hurtful, if given when the skin is very hot 
and dry. It is useful also in tetanus, chorea, and 
some other convulsive affections; and in most cases 
in which tonics are indicated. In the convalescences 
from all severe diseases it is a remedy on which 
much dependence used to be placed ; much less used 
at present. Hock is the best wine for dyspeptics. 

Dose, fgij to Oiij in twenty-four hours, according 
to the nature of the disease, and the previous ha- 
bits of the patient. 

WINTERA AKOMATICA. Winter's Bark. 

Carminative, tonic. 

Use. As an adjunct to stomachic infusions, in dys- 
pepsia, and scorbutus. 

XANTHORRH1ZA. Yellow Root. {X. apiifolia.) 

Tonic. 

Use. In all cases where a pure tonic is indicated. 
Its properties are analogous to those of Columbo 
and Quassia. 

XANTHOXYLUM. Prickly ash. (X fraxineum.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, resembling mezereon and 
guaiac. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, and as a topical remedy 
for toothache. 

Dose. Of the powder, from grs. x. to gss ; of the in- 
fusion, from f^j to f^iij, three or four times in 
twenty-four hours; or of the decoction, made by 
boiling gj of the bark in Oij of water for fifteen 
minutes, fgiv to fg viij every three or four hours. 



178 ZIN 

ZINCI ACETAS. 

Use. As astringent collyrium, and as an injection in 
gonorrhoea. 

Dose. Gr. j to ij to fgj Water. 

ZINCI CARBONAS PEJECIPITATUS. Precipitated 
Carbonate of Zinc. 

Use. Same as Calamine. 

ZINCI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Zinc. 

Use. As an alterative and antispasmodic in scrofula, 
epilepsy, &c. As an escharotic in scirrhous tumors, 
&c. 

Dose. 4 to 8 drops of ethereal tincture, (§ss tof^iij.) 

ZINCI IODIDUM. Iodide of Zinc. 

A solution of 10 to 30 grs. to f^j of water, has been 
applied with advantage to enlarged tonsils. 

ZINCI OXYDUM. Oxide of Zinc. 

Tonic, antispasmodic, externally detergent, exsicca- 
tive. 

Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and other spasmodic affec- 
tions. For its external use, see Ung. Zinci. Dose 
gr. j to vj twice a day. 

ZINCI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Zinc. 

Emetic, tonic, antispasmodic, externally astringent. 

Use. As it operates very quickly, it is used, com- 
bined with infusion of ipecacuanha, to empty the 
stomach in the commencement of the cold stage of 
the intermittent paroxysm ; and in other cases where 
immediate vomiting is required. As a tonic, it is 
useful in phthisis, dyspepsia, and nervous affections. 
Externally in collyria, in ophthalmia, after the in- 
flimmatory action has subsided; in injections, in 
gonorrhoea; and »s a lotion in external inflamma- 
tions, and to stop inordinate discharge. 

Dose. Grs. x to^ss, to produce vomiting; as a tonic, 
gr. j to grs. ij twice or thrice a day. 



ZIN 179 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, sesquicarb. ammonia, hy- 
dro-sulphurets, lime-water, astringent vegetable 
infusions, milk. 

ZINGIBER. Ginger Root. (Z. officinale.) 

Carminative, stimulant, sialagogue. 

Use. In gout, flatulent colic, dyspepsia, and tym- 
panitis ; as an adjunct to griping purgatives ; less 
heating than pepper. 

Dose. Grs. x to §j ; an overdose is apt to induce 
spasmodic stricture. 



180 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 



VII. 

PHARMACEUTICAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE 

MATERIA MEDICA. 

I. INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

MINERAL ACIDS TONICS AND ASTRINGENTS. 

Acidium Carbonicum, (see Aq. Medicata.) 

Muriaticum, H, Cl,-fwater. Dose ^3 to 5 
" dilutum. 1 pt. to 3 of water. n# 15 to 40 
Nitricum. HO, NO, 5 +3 HO. v%\ to 4 

Nitroso-nitricum. " " " +N0 4 rr^l to 4 
Nitricum dilutum. 1 to 6pts. water. rr^l5to40 
Nitro-muriaticum. 1 pt. Nit. 2 Mur. 

Acid. ttjj3 to 5 

Sulphuricum. HO, S0 3 . *%1 to ij 

" dilut. 1 pt. to 13 water t»JJ15 to 40 

" Aromaticum-^-Alcoholic 

and Aromatic. ^15 to 30 

Phosphoricum, (glacial,) HO, P0 5 , Solid 

" dilut. 1 pt. to 10 water, ttj? 15 to 40 

THE ALKALIES AND THEIR SALTS. 

Group 1. 
Potash. From ley of wood ashes. 
Potassse Carbonas Impurus. (Pearlash.) 
Sakeratus. 2 (KO,) 3 (CO a .) 
Potassse Carbonas. 2 (KO, C0 2 .) 3 HO. 
Liquor Potas. Carb. gxij to f§xij water. 

Antilithic Antacid. Dose tt^IO to f^j 

Potassae Bicarbonas. KO, 2 CO., HO. 



INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 181 

Liquor Potassa?. Boiling Carb. with Hydrate of Lime. 
Antacid. Dose 1^5 to f^ss 

Potassa. KO, HO. Caustic Potash. Escharotic. 

" Cum Calc. Milder " 

Potassre Acetas KO, ac Diuretic. Grs. 10 to spj 
" Citras KO, ci. Refrigerant, Diaphoretic 

9j to sjss 
« Chloras. KO. CI, 5 , Refrigerant, 

Diuretic. Grs. 10 to gss 

Group 2. 
Sodii Chloridum. Na CI. (Common Salt.) 
Sodas Sulphas. Na 0, SO 3 +10 HO. Cathartic 

3 SS t0 si 

Sodre Carbonas. Na 0, CO 2 +10 HO. (Sal 

Soda.) 
Sodse Carbonas, Exsiccatus. Na 0, C0 2 

Antacid. Grs. 5 to 15 

Sodas Bicarbonas. Na 0, 2 C0 2 +HO. 

Antacid. Qj to gj 

Sodaa Phosphas. 2 Na 0, HO, P0 5 +24 HO, 

Cath. Diuret. gij to gj 

Liquor Sodse Chlorinate. — Labarraque's 

Disinfectant. 
Sod. Acetas. Na 0, a C-J-6H0. Used in preparing 

Acetic Acid. 
Sod. Valerianas. Na 0, Va. For preparing other 

valerianates. 

Group 3. 

Crude Argols or Tartar. — from wine casks. 

■d * „„„* r»-i. j. f KO, HO, 2f (cream of tartar.) 
Potassee Bitartras. < ^ \ c ,', K , „. .. ; 
( Purified by recrystallization. 

gss to gj 

Sodoe et Pot. Tartras. KO, Na 0, 2 f +8 

HO. Cath. |ij to gj 

Potassse Tartras. 2 KO, 2 t. gj to 3J 

16 



182 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

Group 4. 
Potass^ Nitras. KO, N0 5 . Sedative, Diuretic. 

Dose grs. v to gj 
Sal-prunelle— fused saltpetre. 

Potassoe Sulphas. K0SO 3 . Cathartic. ^j to gij 
Sodoe Boras. NaO, 2 BO 3 +10 HO. Used'in gar- 
gles, &c. 

Group 5. 
Ammonite Murias, NH 3 , HCL. Stimulant, Expec- 
torant, Grs. 5 to 20 
Liquor Ammonine — aqueous sol. of ammonia. 
Spiritus " alcoholic " " / t^lO to 30 

\ largely dil. 
u u aromaticus " with aromatics. 

^20 to ^ 

Ammonioe Carbonas 2 NH0 4 , 3 CO+2 HO. Stim. 

Antacid, grs. 5 
Liquor Ammon. Acetatis, (Spts. of Mindererus,) Dia- 
phoretic, f£j to f^ss. 

PREPARATIONS OF EARTHS. 

1st Lime. 

Creta Preparata, CaO, C0 3 . Antacid, grs. 10 to ^j 

Calcis Carb. Prsecipitata — same as above, but more 

elegant. 
Liquor Calcis — Lime water. Antacid, ff^ss to f^ij 

\ in milk. 
Calcii Chloridum, Ca CI. 

Liquor Calcii Chloridi. 1 pt. Ca CI in 2-5. Deob- 

struent. n£30 to fgj 
Calx Chlorinata CaO, CI O+CaCl-fCaO+Cl. Chlo- 
ride of Lime 
Calcis Phosphas, 3 CaO, P0 5 . Antiscrofulitic. 

Grs. 10 to £ss. 
Sjrupus Ferri Phosphatis Comp. Syrup of the phos- 
phates. Dose a teaspoonful. 



INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 183 

2. Magnesia. 
Magnesia Sulphas. Mg 0, S0 3 +7 HO. Cathartic. 

Dose ^j 

Carbonas 4 Mg O, C0 2 , HO, Mg 0, 2 HO, 

Antacid. J)j to gj 

" Bicarbonas. (Soluble Magnesia.) 

Magnesia. Mg 0. By calcining the Carb. Cathart. 7j 

Liquor Magnes. Citratis. gj of salt in f^xij bottle. 

3. Baryta. 

Liquor Barii Chloridi. gj to fg viii water. Deob- 
struent. gtt. 5 

4. Alumina. 

Alumen KO, S0 3 ,-f-Al 2 3 , 3 S0 3 +24 HO. Astrin- 
gent, &c. 
" Exsiccatum, (Burnt Alum.) Used externally. 

NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS. 

1. Iodine. 
Iodinium. I. Alterative. 

Potassii Iodidum. Kal. Alterative. Dose grs. 2 to 5 

Tinct. Iodinii. gss to fgj Alcohol. Used externally. 

" " Comp. I, grs. 15. KI gss to fgj. 

n£l5 to 30 
Liquor " I, grs. 22§ KT gr. 45 to f|j. tr^lO to20 
Lugol's Solution. 

2. Bromine. 

Brominum. Br. Obtained from bittern, at Salt 

Works. 
Potassii Bromidum. Alterative. grs. 5 to 10 

Liquor Ferri Bromidi. Solution in excess. Altera- 
tive. ^ 5 to 10 

3. Sulphur. 

Sulphur. S. sublimed. Alterative, laxative. 

grs. 10 to ^ij 
Sulphur prascipitatum. Alterative, laxative. 

grs. 1C to 3ij 
Sulphuris Iodidum. I, S 2 . In ointment. 



184 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

METALLIC ELEMENTS. 

1. Iron. (Ferrum.) 

Ferri Pulvis. Fe., (Quevenne's Iron by Hydrogen.) 

gr. j to iij 
Ferri Sulphas. Fe 0, S0 3 +7HO. Htematic. Astrin- 
gent, grs. 3 to 5. 
Ferri Subcarbonas. Fe 2 3 , 2HO+FeO, C0 2 . 

grs. 5 to g j . 
Ferri Phosphas. In Amenorrhoea, &c. grs. 5 to 10 
Tinct. Ferri Chloridi. 32 grs. Fe. 2 Cl 3 in ffj ale. As- 
tringent. ' tn^lO to 30 
Ferrum Ammoniatum. Deobstruent. grs. 4 to 10 
Liquor Ferri per Sulphatis. Fe.^0 3 , 3S0 3 +Aq. 
Ferri Oxiduni Hydratum. Fe. 2 3 , HO. By adding 
Ammonia to the above. 
Feni Citras. Fe. 2 3 , Ci. grs. 3 to 5 
Ferri et Quinise Citras, grs. 2 to 5 
Ferri Lactas Fe 0, L, 3HO. In Chlorosis. 

grs. j to iij 
Ferri et PotassrcTartras. Fe 2 3 , KO,2j T . grs. 10to20 
Ferri Ferrocyanuretum. 3Cfy, 4Fe. Sedative tonic. 

grs. 5 to 15 
Liquor Ferri Nitratis. Fe.^0 3 , 3NO s +Aq. Astrin- 
gent, tt^ 5 to 15 
Ferri Iodidum. Fe, I. Decomposes. grs. j to ij 
Liquor Ferri Iodidum. Fe, I. grs. vii to ^i Syrup. 

m?20 to 40. 
Ferri Promiduui. Fe, Br. Tonic, Alterative, grs. 2 to 5 
Ferri Yalerianas. Fe. 2 3 ,3 Va. In Hysteria, &c. 

gr- j 
2. Manganese. 

Manganese Sulphas: MnO, S0 3 , 7HO. Tonic. Cath. 

grs. 5 to gij 
Manganesiae Carbonas. 2MnO, C0 2 +H0. grs. 5 
Syrupus Manganesii Iodidi. gj Mn I tof^j. ^10 



INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 185 

3. Copper. 

Cupri Sulphas. Cu. 0, S0 3 +5H0. Tonic, Astrin- 
gent, &c. gr. \ to 5 
Cuprum Ammoniatuni. CuO, S0 3 , HO-f 2NH 3 An- 
tispasm. gr. J 
Cupri Subacetas. 2CuO, lc—6H0. Escharotic. 

4. Zinc. 

Calamina Praeparata. (Carbonate.) Exsiccant. 
Zinci Sulphas. ZnOS0 3 — 7110. Tonic, ^ gr. to ij, 

Emetic 10 grs. 
Zinci Carbonas Praecipitatus. Used in cerate. 
Zinci Oxidum. ZnO. Tonic. Astringent. Dessiccant. 
Zinci Acetas. ZnO, ac; Astringent ; used in Colly- 

ria and Injection. 
Zinci Chloridura. ZnCl. Escharotic, Antiseptic. 
Zinci Cyanuretum. ZnCy. In Epilepsy, Chorea, &e. 

gr. i toj 
Zinci Valerianas. ZnO, \ a. In nervous affections ; 

grs. j to ij 
5. Lead. 

Plumbi Oxidum Semivitreum. Pb, ; Litharge. 
Plumbi Acetas, PbO, a c, 3H0: Sedative, Astrin- 
gent, grs. J to iij 
Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis, (Goulard's Extract.) 
Plumbi Carbonas. PbO, C0 3 . Used externally. 
Plumbi Nitras. PbO, NO ; Disinfectant. 
Plumbi Iodidum. Pbl ; In resolvent ointment. 

6. Silver. 
Argenti Nitras. AgO, N0 S ; (crystals.) Alterative. 

gr. i to j 
Argenti Nitras fusus (sticks;) Lunar Caustic. 
Argenti Oxidum. AgO ; a substitute for the Nitrate. 

gr. f to ij 
16* 



185 INORGANIC PRODUCTS 

7. Bismuth. 
Bismutlii Subnitras. Bi0 3 , NO s . Tonic, Antispasm 

gr. j to vj. 

8. Antimony. 

Antimonii Sulphuretum. Sb, S 3 . Horse medicine. 
Antimonii Sulphuretum Prsecipitaturn. Sb0 3 +5Sb, 
S 3 — I OHO. Alterative. gr. j to iij 

Antimonii et Potassae Tartras. Sb, 3 K0, 2T+3HO. 
Emetic, grs. ij. Diaph., and expect., gr. -J- to J,. Se- 
dative, £ to j gr. 
Vinum Antimonii. — grs. ij to f§j white wine ; 

grs. }tof3J. 
Pulvis Antimonialis (James' powder). — Alterative, 
Diaphoretic, — gr. iij to x. 
9. Arsenic. 

Acidum Arseniosum. As0 3 (White Arsenic.) 
Liquor Potassae Arsenitis. As0 3 , KO, C0 2 , 64 grs. 
each toOj. — grs. iv As0 3 to f|jj, (Fowler's Solution.) 

Dose, ^ 3 to 15 
Arsenici Todidum. AsT 3 . 

Liquor Hydrargyri et Arsenici Iodidum. Asl 3 + 
Hgl 2 , each, 70 grs. to Oj (Donovau's Solution.) 

tt^o to 20. 
10. Mercury. 

Hydrargyri Chloridum Corosivum. HgCl 2 . Altera- 
tive, gr. 1-16 to \. 
Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite. HgCl. — Cathart. and 
alterative. 1-12 to 20 grs. 

Hydrargyri Sulphas flavus. 3HgO a , 2S0 8 , — Emetic. 

3 grs. 
Hydrargyri Iodidum rubrum. Hgl 3 . Alterative. 

1-16 to Jgr. 
Hydrargyri Iodidum. Hgl. Alterative. J to 1 gr. 
Hydrargyri Sulphuretum rubrum. HgS 2 . Alterative, 

fumigations. 



ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 187 

Hydrargyri Sulplmretum nigrum. Mild alterative. 

grs. 5 to gj 
Hydrargyri Oxidum rubrum. Hg0 2 . Stimulant, ex- 
ternal. 
Hydrargyri Oxidum nigrum. HgO. Alterative. 

i to 3 grs. 
Hydrargyri Cyanuretum. HgCy 2 . Alterative. 

1-16 tojgr. 
Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum. HgCl, NH 2 . Exter- 
nal. 
Hydrargyrum cum Creta. 3Hg+5, CaO, C0 2 . An- 
tacid alterative, ^ to 3 grs. 



ii. Organic Products. 

llgnin and its derivatives. 

Lignin or cellulose. C 12 H 10 10 . (gossypium, cotton. ) 
Collodium. Ethereal Solution of prepared cotton — 

Artificial cuticle. 
Carbo ligni (Carbo-animalis similar.) Charcoal. 

1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. 

Acidum Aceticum, (Dilutum in 1 pt. to 7 of water,) 

Spiritus pyroxylicus. C 2 H 4 2 , (wood naphtha,) 

Sedative. 10 to 40 drops. 

Creosotum. C 14 H 8 O a . — Internally to check nausea. 

gttj. 

Farinaceous, Mucilaginous, and Saccharine Me- 
dicines. 
1. Fecula. — Amylum (starch,) Canna, (tous le mois) 

Maranta (arrow-root,) Sago, Florida arrow-root, 

Tapioca. 



188 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

2. Gums. — Acacia, Mezguite gum, Salep, Tragacan- 
tha. 

3. Sugars. — Saccharum, Saccharum candium (rock 
candy) Lactin, (sugar of milk) Treacle, (molasses) 
Mel, (honey) manna, Bxtractum glycyrrhizae, (li- 
quorice.) 

Protein and similar principles. 
Fel Bovinum, (Inspissated ox-gall) laxative 

grs. 5 to 10. 
Ichthyocolla, (Gelatine) — as dietetic and in plaster. 

Alcohol and Ethers. 
Alcohol. C 4 H 5 0, HO. — The standard has Sp. gravi- 
ty .835. — Of this, brandy has 55 per ct., Irish 
whiskey 52, Rum 53, Gin 51, Strong Port wine 
25, weak Port 19, Currant wine 20, Madeira 24, 
Sherry 19, Claret 12 to 17, Hock 12, Champagne 
12, Cider 5 to 9. Ale 6 to 8, Porter 4 to 6 per ct. 
JEther. C 4 H fi 0.— Best Anaesthetic 1 pt. Ether, 2 of 

Chloroform. 
Spiritus JEtheris Compositus (Hoffman's Anodyne.) 

gtt. 20tof£j. 
Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici. — Refrigerant, Diaphoretic. 

gtt. 10 to fgij. 
Chloroformum. C 3 HC1 . Anaesthetic, anodyne, &c. 

gtt. 20 to 60. 
Fixed Oils and Fats. 
Glycerin. C 6 H,0 5 -f-HO, (sweet principle.) Lubri- 
cant, miscible with water, &c. 
List. — Adeps (lard,) Oleum Adipis and Stearin (from 
lard,) Sevum (mutton suet,) 01. Amygdalae, 01. 
Macidis (from fruit of myristicamoschata,) 01. Ca- 
cao, 01. Olivae, 01. Papaveris, 01. Sesami (benne 
oil,) Ol/Lini (flaxseed,) 01. Bubulum, 01. Morrhuae 
(cod-liver,) 01. Cetacei, 01. Ricini (castor oil,) 01. 
Tiglii (croton,) 01. Palmae. 



ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 189 

Volatile or Essential Oils. 

Carbo-Hydrogen essential oils, are the oils of Turpen- 
tine, Savine, Juniper, Cardamoms, Leinon, Cedrat, 
Neroli, Bergamot, Orange, Cubebs, Copaibas, Pep- 
per, Ginger, Amber, Cloves and Valerian. 

Oxygenated oils (most soluble,) are oils of Anise, Ab- 
sinthium, bitter Almonds, Asarum, Achillea, Bu- 
chu, Cajeput, Canella, Caraway, Catnip, Cascarilla, 
Cloves (heavy,) Chenopodium, Carrot seed, Cassia, 
Cinnamon, Chamomile, Coriander, Cumin, Dill, 
Erigeron, Filix mas, Fennel seed, Gaultheria, He- 
deoma, Hops, Lavender, Marrubium, Matico, Ma- 
tricaria, Meliss., Mint (pepper and spear,) Monar- 
da, Nutmeg, Origanum, Pimenta, Pulesium, Rose, 
(attar) Rosemary, Rue, Salvia, Sambucus, Sassa- 
fras, Serpentaria, Tanacetum and Valerian (heavy.) 

Sulphuretted oils, are oils of Mustard, Horse-radish, 
Garlic or Onion, and Assafcetida. 

Camphors have a close relation to essential oils ; 
many of which deposit them. 

Resins. 

1. Resins proper. — Resina, Mastich, Copal, Elemi, 
Sandarac, Pix Canadensis, Pix Burgundica, Guai- 
aci resina, Succinum, Copaivic acid. 

2. Oleo. resins. — Terebinthina (white turpentine,) 
Terebinthina Canadensis (balsam of fir,) Terebin- 
thina Veneta (Venice turpentine,) Copaiba. 

3. Gum resins. — Ammoniacum (stimulant, expecto- 
rant, )Assafoetida (antispasmodic,) Galbanum (stim- 
ulant, antispasm.,) Sagapenum (stimulant like As- 
safcetida,) Gambogia (acrid cathartic,) Scammoni- 
um (cathartic,) Olibanum (Frankincense,) Myrrha 
(Emmenagogue and astringent.) 

4. Balsams. — Benzoinum, Balsamum Peruvianum 
(stimulant, expect.,) Balsamum Tolutanum (stimu- 
ulant, expect., )Styrax (stimulant and expect.,) 



190 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

5. Other articles containing resins or resinoid active 
principles. — Calamus, Cimicifuga, Colocynthis (colo- 
cynthin,) Extract Cannabis (cannabin,) Guaiaci 
lignin, Helleborus (helleborin,) Jalapa (jalapin,) 
Mezereum, Podophyllum (podophyllin,) Pyrethrum 
(pyrethrin,) Zingiberis, and drugs containing es- 
sential oils. (See Resinoid Extracts.) 

Neutral Organic Principles. 
Names of alkaline principles terminate in ia, neutral 
or subacid principles in in or ine. 

1. Extractive matter 's, soluble in water. — Aurantiin 
(from cortex aurantii and limonis) — Bitter extract- 
ive of Anthemis, of Canella, of Chimaphila, of Cop- 
tis, of Cornus Florida, of Eupatorium, of Gentiana, 
of Marrubiam, of Serpentaria, and acrid extractive 
of Scillae — Cathartin (in Senna, Cassia and Rham- 
ni bacca,) Ergotin (extractive of ergot,) Extract- 
ive of Juglans (Cathartis,) Ilicin (in ilex, used, as 
substitute for quinise.) 

2. Neutral crystalline principles. — Absinthin (from 
Absinthium,) Aloin (from Aloe,) Amygdalin (from 
Amygdala amara,) Asparagin and Althein (from 
Asparagus, Althsea, Glycyrrhizse, and Symphy- 
tum,) Apocynin (from Apocynum cannabinum, 
emetic and cathartic,) Asclepione (from Asclepi- 
as syriaca, narcotic,) Caffein (from coffee, isome- 
ric with Thein,) Cantharidin (from cantharis,) 
Cascarillin (from cascarilia,) Cetrarin (from cetra- 
ria,) Columbin (from Colomba,) Cubebin (from cu- 
beba,) Cusparin (from augustura,) Daphuin (from 
mezereum,) Digitalin (from digitalis, a violent 
poison; Dose, one thirtieth of a grain,) Elaterin 
(from elaterium, powerful cathartic; Dose, one 
tenth grain.) Esculin (from gesculus, Helleborin 
(from helleborus,) Hesperidin (from cortex limonis , 



ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 191 

&c.,) Hydrastin (from hydrastis — See page,) Li- 
monin (from seeds of lemon,) Liriodendrin (from 
liriodendron,) Maticin (from matico, ) Neconin, Nar- 
cein and Narcotin (from opium,) Phloridzin (from 
apple, cherry and plum trees,) Picrotoxin (from 
cocculus indicus,) Piperin (from piper nigrum and 
longum,) Quassin (from quassia and simaruba,) 
Salicin (from salix, &c.,) Santonin (from semen 
santonica — a popular anthelmintic — Dose, 1 to 4 
grs.,) Saponin (from saponaria,) Sarsaparillin 
(from sarsaparilla,) Scillitin (from scilla,) Scopa- 
rin (from scoparius,) Senegin (from senega,) Ta- 
raxacin (from taraxacum,) Thein (from tea — See 
Caffein,) Theobromin (from theobrome cacao ) 
Xanthoxylin (from xanthoxylum.) 
3. Coloring principles. — Indigotin (from indigo,) Or- 
cine (from litmus,) Chlorophylle (from leaves) 
Carthamus (red and yellow,) Carmine (from coc- 
cus,) Polycroite (from crocus — yellow,) Curcumin 
(from curcuma — yellow,) Hsematin (from hsema- 
toxylon,) Quercitrin (quercitron — yellow,) Santa- 
lin (from santalum,) Rubian, Alizarin and Purpu- 
rin (from rubia,) Anchusin (from anchusa — red, 
green,) Rhabarbaric acid (from rheum-yellow, red, 
with alkali,) Sanguinarina (from sanguinaria,) Hy- 
drastine (from hydrastis — yellow.) 

Vegetable Acids. 

1. Fruit acids. — Citric (in lemon, &c.,) Tartaric (in 
grapes, used in effervescing drinks,) Malic (in ap- 
ples, &c.,) Oxalic (in rhubarb, sorrel, &c,) Pectic. 

2. Astringent and allied acids. — Tannic (styptic, dose 
2 to 10 grs.,) Gallic (astringent, dose 5 to 20 grs.,) 
Ellagic, Catechu-tannic (in kino, catechu, &c.,)" 
Cincho-tannic (in cinchona bark,) Cephgelic (in 
ipecac.) 



192 PHAKMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

4. Balsamic, having relation to essential oils. — Benzoic, 
Cinnamic, Valerianic and Hydrocyanic (sedative. 
Dose of officinal dilute acid n^2 to 5. 
4. Combined with alkaloids in p'ants. — Meconic (with 
morphia, &c, in opium,) Kinic (with quinia, &c, 
in cinchonas,) Aconitic (with aconitia, &c, in aco- 
nite,) Stry clinic or Igasuric (with strychnia and 
brucia in nux vomica,) Veratric (with veratria in 
cevadilla seed,) Calumbic (with bebeerina, in co- 
lumba,) Cevadic (with colchica, in colchicum,) 
Coccalinic (with menispermina, in cocculus indi- 
cus.) 

Vegetable Alkaloids. 
Aconitia (J to 2 grs. togj of ointment in neuralgia,) 
Delphinia, Berberina, Cissampelina, Menispermina. 
The opium alkaloids are Morphia, Narcotin, Codeia, 
Paramorphia or Thebaina and Papaverina, — Dose of 
morphia salts J to \ gr, — Sanguinarina, Conia. The 
Cinchona alkaloids are Quinia, Quinidia, Cinchonia 
(Quinoidine or Chinoidine is precipitated extract,) 
(Quince Sulphas is the well known antiperiodic — the 
sulphates of the other alkaloids have been used as 
substitutes,) Emetia or Emetina (active principle of 
ipecac,) Arnicina, Lobelina, Strychnia (tonic, excito 
motor, dose -X? gr.,) Brucia (like strychnia, from nu- 
vomica, &c, less powerful,) Atropia (used in solution 
for dilating the pupil of the eye,) Daturia, Hyoscy- 
amia, Solania, Nicotia or Nicotina (active principle 
of tobacco,) Bebeerina (the sulphate is tonic and an- 
tiperiodic, — dose 3 to 10 grs.,) Veratria (used in neu- 
ralgia and gout — dose 1-12 gr., or externally in oint- 
ment, 9j to gj,) Colchicia. 

iii. pharmaceutical preparations. 
Medicated Waters. 
1st Class — By trituration with an insoluble substance, 
and subsequent nitration. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION?. 193 

Aqua Campbora. Camphor zj. Carb. Magnes. gij 
to Oj. Dose fgss. 

Amygdalae Amaraa. Oil n^xvi. Carb. Magnes. 
|j to Oij. Dosefgj. 

Cinnamomi. Oil^xvi. Carb. Magnes. 3J to Oj. 

Dose fjjij. 
Foeniculi. Oil xvi. Carb. Magnes. %] to Oj. 

Dose f^ij. 
Mentha? Pip. Oil xyi. Carb. Magnes. gj to Oj. 

Dose f§ij. 
Mentha? Virid. Oilxvi. Carb. Magnes. gj to Oj. 

Dose fjij. 
2d Class — By distillation. 
Aq. Rosa. Rose petals Ibj to Oj. 
3i Class — By charging water with gas. 
Aq. Acidi Carbonici, 5 parts C0 2 to 1 of water. 

Infusions. 
1st Class — With boiling water, by maceration. 

Group i. gj to Oj. 
Infusum Cinchona? Flava?. Tonic. 
" Cinchona? Rubra?. •' 
" Cascarilla?. Stimulant tonic. 
" Eupatorii. Tonic— a diaphoretic, and eme- 
tic when hot. 
" Krameria?. Astringent. 
" Sarsaparilla. Alterative, diaphoretic. 
** Ulmi. Demulcent. 
" Buchu. Demulcent, diuretic. 
" Am oracia?, (with mustard seed §j.) Stimu- 
lant diuretic. 
" Senna, (-)- Coriander §j,)' Cathartic. 

Group 2. gss to Oj. 
Infusum Augustina?. Stimulant, tonic. 

" Anthemidis. Tonic, emetic when hot. 
" Colombae. Tonic. 
' ; Serpentaria?. '■ 
17 



194 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Infusum Valerianae. Stimulant antispasmodic. 

" Capsici. Arterial stimulant. Dose f^ss. 
il Zingiberis. Carminative. 
cl Humuli. Tonic, mild narcotic. 
" Spigelise. Anthelmintic. 
11 Catechu Comp., (-j- Cinnamon 3J.) As- 
tringent. 
11 Lini Comp. (-{-Liquorice root ^ij.) De- 
mulcent. 

Group 3. Proportions varied. 
Infus. Caryophylli gij to Oj. Stimulant. 
" Rhei 31J to Oj. Cathartic. 
" Tabaci £j to Oj. Sedative injection in hernia. 
" Digitalis 3J to Oss. -f~ Tinct. Cinnam. fgj. 
Narcotic. Dose fgij. 

" Rosse Comp. §ss to Oijss. -f- Sugar, Diluted 
Sulphuric Acid, Water. Adjuvant to 
astringent gargles. 
11 Taraxaci 5ij to Oj. Diuretic. 
2d Class — With cold water, by maceration or dis- 
placement. 
Infusum Cinchona Comp. gj to Oj. -f- Arom. Sulph. 
acidf^j. Tonic. 
" Pruni Virginianaa gss to Oj. Sedative, 

Tonic. 
" Quassias jij to Oj. Tonic. 
" Gentianae Comp. gss to Oj. + Bitter orange 
peel, Coriander, Dil. Alcohol, Water. 
Tonic. 
" Sassafras Medullae 3J to Oj. Demulcent. 
Tinctures. 
Class 1 — Made with diluted alcohol. 
Group 1. gij to Oj Alcohol Dil. 
Tinct. Aconite fol. Nervous sedative. Dose 20 to 30 

drops. 
" Belladonna. Narcotic. Dose 20 to 30 drops. 
" Stramonii. il " 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 195 

Tinct. Conii, (or cicutse.) Alterative narcotic. 

Dose 30 to 60 drops. 
ei Hyoscyami. Narcotic. " 

" Digitalis. Diuretic narcotic. 10 drops. 

" Lobelias. Emetic, narcotic. 

fgss to f5J; emetic f^ss. 
" Sanguinariae. " stimulant " 

" Scilla. Emetic diuretic expect. 

10 to 30 drops. 

" Colchici Sem. Diuretic, &c. 10 drops to f^j. 

Group 2. Proportions varying. Incompatible with 

Iron Salts. 
Tinct. Gallae §ij to Oj. Dose f^ij. Astringent. 
** Catechu gjss to Oj. " 

with gj Cinn. 
" Kino gjss to Oj. f 5 j. 
' i Krameriae J iij to Oj . " 
44 Cinchonas. Yellow bark giij to Oj. 

Dose fjss. Tonic. 
f Red bark, ~) 
Orange peel, 
" Comp. -{ ?erpentaria, j* Dose fgss. Ton. 

Saffron, Aromat. 

Saunders, 
" Colombae gij to Oj. " " 

r Gentian, \ 
i% Gentianae Comp. 1 Orangep'l, L "Aromatic. 

I Cardam'm, J 
" Quassia ^j to Oj. f^ij. Tonic, Aromatic. 
" Humuli gijss to Oj. fjij Tonic, Sedative. 

Group 3. Proportions varying. 
Tinct. Valerianae §ij to Oj. Dose fgij. 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 
" Serpentariae gjss to Oj. Dose fgij. 

Tonic, stimulant. 
" Cubebae gij to Oj. Dose fgij. Stimulant. 

u Cantharidis gss to Oj. gtt. 20. " 



196 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 



Tinct. Capsici gss to Oj. fgj. 
" Cinnamomi gjss to Oj. fgss. 
" Cardamomi gij to Oj. 13 j. 

f Cinnamom, 
" Cinnam. Comp. J Cardamom, 

t Ginger, 
" f Cardamom, ") 

u | Cinnamom, 

" Cardam. Comp. -{ Caraway, 
| Raisins, 
L Cochineal, 
4. Proportions varying. 
Hellebori ^ij to Oj. Dose f^j. 
Jalaps §iij to Oj. " 

Rhei gjss to Oj. f^ss. 

-f- Cardamom gij. 
( Rhubarb, 
Rhei et Aloes, i Aloes, 

( Cardam. 

Rhei et Gentianoe < „ Ll 
\ Gen 



Stimulant. 
Carminative. 



fgss. 



Group 
Tinct. 



Tinct. 
Tinct. 



j. fjss. " 

I 
J 

Emen. Cathart. 
Tonic, " 

I Dose. 13 ss. 
j Cathartic. 



Do. fgssLax- 
) ative, Tonic. 



Tinct. Rhei et Sennoe 



1 Do. 
min. 



Car- 
Lax. 



Tinct. 



Class 



tia 

f Pvhubarb, 

I Senna, 

J Coriander, 
j Fennel, 
"j Saunders, 
Saffron, 

I Liquorice, 

I Raisins. 

[ Senna, "^ 

I Jalap, 

o a t 1 ! Coriander, 

Sennoe et Jalara^ n , ' 

* j Cardamom 

I Caraway, j 

[ Sugar. J 

2.— Made with Officinal Alcohol, Sp. gravity 

.835. 



.Do. Carmi- 
[ native Lax. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 197 

Group 1. — Saturated Tinctures. 
Tinct. Aconiti Rad. — gvi to Oj ; Dose, gtt. 5 to 10 ; 

nervous sedative. 
Tinct. Nucis Vomicae. — giv to " ; " 5 to 15 ; 

Nervous Stimulant. 
Tinct. Zingiberis. — " " f^j ; Carminative. 

Group 2. — Resinous Tinctures. 
Tinct. Myrrhse. — §ij to Ojss ; Dose fgj, astringent. 

Emmen. f Aloes gjss ~\ f^j 

Tinct. Aloes et Myrrhse. -j Saffron gss v Laxa- 

( Tinct. Myrrh Oj J tive, 
Emmen. 
Tinct. Guaiaci. — giij to Oj ; fgij, Alterative, Diapho- 
retic. 
Tinct. Assafcetida. — gij " f^j, Antispasmodic. 
" Castorei. — gj " f^ss, " 

u . Lupulinse. — ^ij " Dose flsg, Tonic, Narcotic. 
" Tolutani. — t fjss " " fgss, Stimulant, Ex- 
pectorant. 

f Benzoin, "^ 
-p • ■ n ! Storax, [ frss, "Tur- 

U Benzomi Com P- 1 Bals. Tola, fl&gton's Bal- 
L Aloes. J sam." 

Group 3. — Simple Solutions in Alcohol. 
Tinct. Camphorae. — gij to Oj ; dose gtt. 20 ; Stimu- 
lant. 
Tinct. 01. Menth. Pip.— fgij to Oj ; " " Car- 
minative. 
Tinct. 01. Menth. SativEe.— " " gtt. 30 ; Carmin- 
ative. 
Tinct. Iodinii. gj » gtt. 15 ; Altera- 

tive. 
T* f T rT "* P f Iodine Jss, ") " Alter- 

P ' \ Iodide Potass §j. j ative. 

fSoap, ~] use 

" Saponis Camphorata -j Camphor, }- extor- 

ts Oil Rosemary. J nally. 
17* 



198 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Class 3. — Made with Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia. 

Tinct. Guaiaci Ammoniata. — giv to Ojss; dose f^j. 
Stimulant, Diaph. 

Tinct. Valerianae Ammoniata. —^ij to Oj ; u "An- 
tispasmodic. 

Medicated Wines. 
White or Sherry wines used in making them. 

Vinum Aloes. — gj -{-Cardamom f to j ; dose f^j to 
Ginger aa gj \ fgij ; Carminative, 
Aperient. 

Vinum Rhei. — giij+Canella'^j. f to Oj ; dose fgj to 
Diluted Alcohol, f gij t'f^ss ; Carminative 
Aperient. 

Vinum Colchici Rad. — gvi to Oj ; gtt 10 to fgj ; Di- 
uretic, nervous Sedative. 

Vinum Colchici Sem — gij " fgj to f^ij ; Diu- 
retic and nervous Sedative. 

Vinum Ergotge. — gij to Oj ; dose, f^j ; Excito-motor 
Stimulant. 

Vinum Ipecacuanhas. — gj to Oj; dose, fgj to f^ss; 
Expectorant. 

Vinum Tabacci.— gj to Oj ; " gtt 20 ; Di- 

uretic. 

Vinum Veratri Albi. — %'v? to Oj 

Vinum Antimonii. — 2 grains Tartar Emetic to fgj ; 
dose fgj to f^ss. Expect. Emetic. 

Vinegars — with 1 part Acetic Acid to 7 of water. 

Acetum Colchici. — §j to Oj ; Alcohol f^ss, dose, gtt 
30 to fgij. Diuretic, Sedative. 

Vinum Scillse. — gij to Oj ; dose, gtt. 30 tof^ij, Diu- 
retic, Sedative. 

Vinum Opii. — gviij to Oiij f^iv; gtt. 5 to 10. See 
below. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 199 

Preparations of Opium. 

f Opium gss, "] to Oj 

(Paregoric) | rvi * • * ' ° I 

v & ^ | Oil Anise f^ss, co- 

L Honey §j. J hoi. 

Dose fgj to fgss. 

Tinct. Opii (Laudanum.) Opium §j to^ij to Oj, gtt. 25. 

f Opium gj, ] 

Tinct. Opii Acetata ^ Alcohol fgiv, f- gtt. 20. 

[ Vinegar f^vi. J 

Vinum Opii, (Syd- J g£™J J' 1 to Sherry Oj gtt 

enham'sLaud.) ^ nnam _°_ n > . \ 20 

} L Cloves aa gj J 



f Opium ,^viii, "] 
Opii ! Nutmeg gss, [to Oiij 



Acetum Opii ! Nutmeg gss, [to Oiij fgiv when flu- 
(Blackdrop.) j Saffron gss, j id. gtt. 5 to 10. 

j^ Sugar gxii. J 
Liquor Morphia Sulphatis. — \ gr. Morphia to f^j 
(Magendie's Solution, used in N. York and Boston, 
has 16 grs. to fgj.) fgj. 

DECOCTIONS. 

Decoctum Chimaphilge. gj to Ojss. Boil to Oj. 

Dose Oj per diem. Alterative. 
" Uvae Ursi. gj to f§20, boil to Oj. 

Dose fgij. Ast. Diur. 
" Dulcamaree gj to Ojss, boil to Oj. 

Dose fgij. Alt. Narcotic. 
" Haematoxyli ^j to Oij, boil to Oj. 

Dose fgij. Astringent. 
" Quercus Alb. gj to Ojss, boil to Oj. 

Dose fgij. Astringent. 
" Cinch, flav. gj to Oj, boil ten minutes. 

Dose fgij. Tonic. 



200 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Decoctum Cinch, rub. §j to Oj, boil ten minutes. 

Dose fgij. Tonic. 
Cornus Floridge. " boil ten minutes. 

Dose fjij. Tonic. 
Senega. §j to Ojss, boil to Oj. 

Dose fgij. Stim. Expect. 
Hordei. gij to Oivss, boil to Oij. 

Ad. lib. Demulcent. 
Cetrariee gss to Ojss, boil to Oj. 

Dose Oj per diem. Ton. Demul. 
Taraxi. gij to Oij, boil ten minutes. 

Dose f§ij. Diuretic. 
Sarsap. Comp.: 
Sarsap. Jvi, 

Sassafras, to Oiv, 

Guaiac, J- boil 15 

Liquorice aa gj, | minutes. 
Mezereon giij, J 

f£iv. Alterative Diaphoretic. 

EXTRACTS. 

Class 1. — Narcotic inspissated juices. 
Extractum Aconiti. Dose 1 to 2 grs. 
*' Belladonnoe. " 

" Stramonii fol. " 

" Conii. 2 to 3 grs. 

" Hyoscyami. " 

Class 2. — "Hydro-Alcoholic and Alcoholic Extracts. 
Ext. Aconiti Alcoholicum. J gr. to 1 gr. Narcotic. 
«' Belladonni " " " 

" Stramonium Seminis. " " 

" Cornii Alcoholicum. 1 to 2 grs. " 

" Hyoscyami " " " 

" Nucis Vomicae. Nerv. stimulant. 

** Hellebori. 10 to 15 grs. Cathartic. 

" Jalapae. M " 

" Rhei. " " 

" Podophylli. 5 to 10 grs. " 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 201 

Ext. Cinchon. Flav. 10 to 15 grs. Tonic, alterative. 
" Cinchon. rub. 10 to 15 grs. " 

'* Sarsaparillge " et 

" Colocynthidis Comp. (Colocynth made into 
Tincture and evaporated 
aloes, scammony, soap, 
and cardamom added. 

Cathartic. 
Class 3. — By displacement with cold water and eva- 
poration. 
Ext. Gentiange. 10 to 20 grs. Tonic. 
" Quassiae. 3 to 6 grs. " 

" Dulcamaras. " Alter. Narcotic. 

" Krameriae 10 to 20 grs. Astringent. 
" Juglandis. " Cathartic. 

" Opii. 1 gr. Narcotic. 
Class 4. 

Ext. Haematoxyli. 10 to 20 grs. Astringent. 
(By decoction in water, straining and evaporating.) 
Ext. Taraxaci. Qj to gj. Diuretic, &c. 
(Expressing milky juice, and evaporating ) 
Ext. Colchici aceticum. 1 to 3 grs. Diuretic. 
(Evaporating a medicated vinegar.) 

UNOFFICINAL AND PSEUDO-EXTRACTS. 

Ext. of Digitalis ale. Dose J gr. Sedative, diuretic. 
" Ignatia Amara. J gr. Tonic, excit. motor. 
" Lupulin. 3 to 5 grs. Narcotic. 
" Cimicifuga. 3 to 10 grs. Sedative tonic. 
" Valerian. 3 to 10 grs. Antispasmodic. 
Extractum Calisayicum. 2 to 5 grs. Tonic, Anti- 
periodic. 
" Ergota, (aqueous.) " Excito, motor. 

" Pareira. " " 10 to 30 grs. 

Tonic, diuretic. 
" UvaUrsi. " " 10 to 30 grs. 

Tonic, diuretic. 



202 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Extractum Lobeliae aceticuin. 2 to 3 grs. Narcotic 

sedative. 
" Cannabis Sativa. 1 gr. Narcotic stimu- 

lant. 
" Glycyrrhizge, (Liquorice.) Demulcent. 

CONCENTRATED OR RESINOID EXTRACTS. 

Jalapin. 3 to 8 grs. Cathartic. 
Podophyllin. 1 to 3 grs. " 

Macrotin, (impure resin of Cimicifuga.) 1 to 6 grs. 

Sed. Tonic. 
Stillingin. — 2 to 4 grains. 
Leptandrin. — " " 

Hydrastin. — 1 to 2 grains. Tonic. 

Fluid Extracts. 
1. Concentrated syrups. 
Extract Sennse fluidum, 13 ss. Cathartic. 
Ext. Rhei fluidum, fgj ; Cathartic. 
Ext. Spigelise et Sennse fluidum, f^j , Anthelmintic. 
Ext. Sarsaparillse fluidum, fgj ; Diaph., Alterative. 

2. Alcoholic. 

Ext. Valerianae fluidum, f£j ; Antispasmodic. 

3. Oleo-resina, prepared with Ether. 

Ext. Cubeba fluidum, 5 to 30 drops ; Stimulant. 
Ext. Piperis fluidum, 1 to 5 drops: " 

Unofficinal fluid Extracts. 
1st Class — syrups. 

Extract Cinchona fluidum ; dose, f^j. 
Ext. Buchu fluidum, " " 

Ext. Hydrangea " dose, f^ss. 

Ext. Rhubarb and Senna fluidum, " 
Ext. Ergot fluidum, dose fgj. 
Ext. Serpentaria fluidum, f^ss. 
2 Class— alcoholic. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 203 

Extract Buchu fluid um ; dose f^j. . 
" Serpentaria fluidum, rrg 20, 
Ext. Taraxacum " fgj. 

Ext. Gentian " " 

Ext. Lobelia « ^ 5 to 20. 

Ext. Cimicifuga " ^ 30 

3d Class — Oleo-resins, with Ether. 
Piperoid of ginger ; used in confectionary. 
Oleo-resin Capsicum ; iC " 

Oil of male fern. 
" of Ergot ; dose, 1% 20 ; In parturition. 

Syrups. 
Syrupus Simplex. — Sugar 2 lbs., water 1 pint. Dis- 
solve by heat. 
1st Class.-*? Infusions or Decoctions made permanent 

by sugar. 
Syrup Aurantii Corticis. — By maceration with boil- 
ing water. — An adjuvant. 
Syr. Senna (with Fennel.) — Digest with hot water. 

Laxative, dose fgj to fgij. 
Syr. Krameria. — Displacement with cold water ; as- 
tringent; dose, fgss. 
Syr. Pruni Virginianse " Sedative, Tonio and 

Expectorant; dose, f§ss. 
Syr. Senegas. — Decoction ; Stimulant, Expectorant. 

Dose, f3J to f 3 ij. 
Syr. Scillae comp. — Decoction ; Stimulant, Expecto- 
rant; tt£20 tof^j. 
2d Class. — By evaporation from a diluted alcoholic 

extract, and sugar added. 
Syr. Ipecacuanhas, gss in Oj Syrup. Expect. 

f^j to f^ss. 
" Scillae Comp. Squill and Seneka. Expect. 

gtt 20 to %j. 
+ Tart. Em. gr. j to fgj. 



204 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Syr. Rhei. §j in Oj Syrup. Laxative. 

fgss to fgiv. 
r Sarsaparilla Guiacum, ^ Alterat. 
" Sarsaparilla. -j Roses, Senna, Liq'ce, L 

{ and essential oils, J fgss. 

3d Class. — Containing acetic acid. 
Syr. Alii. Macerate Garlic in dil. acet. acid and add 
sugar. Antispasmodic. Dose fgj. 
Syr. Scillee. Acet. Scillse, Oj -j- sugar fbij. 

Expect, fgj. 
4th Class. — Simple syrup as a base. 
Syr. Acidi Citrici. £j to Oj + Oil of Lemon rn?j. 

Vehicle. 
Syr. Krameriae (2d process.) Ext. gj to Oj. 

Astring. f^ss. 
Syr. Tolutanus. Tinct. gvto Oj. Adjuvant. 
Syr. Zingiberis. Tinct. fgss to Oj. " 

{ Rhubarb, gv "] 

I Cloves, 

I Cinnamon, aa 3J. | 
Syr. Rhei Aromaticus, J Nutmeg £ss, ! Carm. 

j Dil. Alcohol q. s, j Laxat. 
I Displace Oss Tinct. 
j Evaporate to ^iv, 
[Add Ojss Syrup, J 

Syr. Amygdalis. 1 pt. bitter almonds. Demulcent. 
3 pts. sweet " 
" Limonis. Lemon juice Oj, sugar lbij. Vehicle. 
" Acacige. Gum gj, sugar ^vii, Water f^iv. 

Excipient for pills. 

CONFECTIONS. 

Confectio Rosse. Powd. rose 2 pts, sugar 15 p. ho- 
ney 3, rose-water 4. 
" Aromaticae. Arom. powd. 5£, saffron J, 
syr. aurant. 6, honey 2. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 205 

Confectio Opii, (1 gr. in 36.) Opium powd. 4 J, arom. 
powd. 48, honey 112. 
" Sennas. P. senna and coriander, with figs, 
prunes, cassia, &c. 

SPIRITS, OR ESSENCES. 

Spiritus Myristica. Nutmeg gij to Dil. Alcohol. 1 gal. 

Distillation. 
44 Juniperi Comp. Oils of juniper, caraway, 

and fennel. Solution. 
(i Pimenta. Oil of pimenta in dil. alcohol. 

Solution. 
" Rosmarini. Oil f^iv to one gal. alcohol. 

Solution. 
" Lavandulae. Flowers lbij to 1 gal. alcohol. 

Distillation. 
" Lavandulae Comp: 
Cinnamon, Cloves, C to Sp. Lavender ) Maceration 
Nutm'g, Saunders, \ & Sp. Rosemary, ) Displacem't. 

POWDERS. 

Medicines adapted to the form of powders are in- 
soluble mineral substances, vegetable products, and 
some soluble substances. 

Insoluble — too large doses for pills. — Carbo-liqui, 
Magnesia, Calcis phosph., Pot. bitrart, Sulphur 
sub., Creta ppt., Ferri subcarb, Calomel, &c. Ve- 
getable powders, as Powd. cinchona, colomba,. gen- 
tian, rhubarb, jalap, cubebs, &c. 
In certain combinations, and when pills are olfeeted to. 
Powd. pil. hydrarg., Ext. Colocy., Opium, Digitalis, 
Nux Vom., Kino, Tannic acid, Gallic acid, Potas. 
nit., Opium alkaloids, Cinchona alkaloids, Sub-nit., 
Bismuth, &c. 
Diluents for powders. — Sugar, Lactin, Powd. Acacia, 
Cinnamon, Arom powd., Ext. Liquorice, Gum Tra- 
gacanth, Elm Bark, &c. 
18 



206 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Pills. 
Medicines adapted to pilulge form are, powders in 

less than 15 grain doses, gum resins, extracts, and 

oleo-resins and oils in small proportions. 

Unadhesive materials. — Calomel, Dover's powds., Sub- 
nit. Bismuth, Morphia acetas, &c, Strychnia, 
Pulv. Digitalis, Pulv. Ipecac, Plumbi acetas, Ant. 
et Pot. tartrate, Ant. Sulph., Argenti nitras, Ar- 
genti oxidum, Ferri pulvis, Ferri subcarbonate, 
&c, Potass. Iodid., Camphor, &c. 

Medicmal Excipients, — Extracta, Pil. hydrarg.,Pil. Co- 
paibas, Pil. Ferri carb., Terebinthina. 
With moisture. — Powd. Aloes, Rheum, Kino, Tan- 
nin, Opium, Scilla, Ferri citras, Assafoetida, &c. 
With alcohol. — Guaiacum, &c. 
With dilute S0 3 — Quiniae sulph., Cinchonias sulph., 
Quinidias sulph., Quinoidine. 

Inert Excipients. — Powd. Acacia, Tragacanth, soap, 
Bread crumbs, Confections, Syrup of gum, Honey, 
Molasses, Syrups. 

Liquids. 

Suitable medicines are most soluble saHs, light in- 
soluble powders, Extracts, Gum resins, oils, &c. 

Forming eligible solutions with water. — Ahimen, Am- 
nion, murias, Ant. et pot. tart., Barii chloridum, 
Calcii chloridum, Ferri sulph., Ferri et pot. tart., 
Manganesii sulph., Magnesias sulphas, Potassas 
acetas, Pot. bicarb., Pot. carb., Pot. citras, Pot. 
chloras, Pot. tartras, Potasii bromid, Pot. iodid, 
Morphia acetas, Morphia sulphas, Morphia muri- 
as, Sodas bicarb, Sod. boras, Sod. carbonas, Sod. 
sulph., Sod. et pot. tart., Sod. chlorid. Sod. phosph. 
Acid citric, Acid tartaric, Acid tannic. 

Mixing, but not forming clear solutions in water diffused 
by agitation. — Magnesia, Potas. bitart. Sulph. pras- 
cip., Pulv. Cinchonas, Pulv. Ipecac. Quiniae sulph. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 207 

Jfiscible by trituration alone. — Ext. Aconiti, Ext. Bel- 
lad., Ext. Conii, Ext. Hyoscyami, Ext. Stramon.. 
Ext. Taraxaci, Ext. Kramer, Ext. Glycyrrh., Confec- 
tions, Assafcetida, Ammoniac, Guaiacum, Myrrha, 
Scammony. 

Suspended by viscid excipients. — Copaiba, 01. Amygda- 
lae, 01. Ricini, 01. Terebinth., Olea essentia, Ferri 
protocarb. 

Requiring additions to form so 7 utions. — Quin. sulph., 
Cinchon. sulph., Quinid sulph., Chinoidine, Iodine, 
Hydrarg. iodid. rub. 

Requiring viscid substances.- — Ammon. carb., Hyd. 
chlorid. corros., Pot. Cyanuret, Potassa. 

Vehicles or correctives (especially of salines.) — Aq. 
medicatae, syrups, Tinct. Cinnamomi, Tinct. Cin- 
nam. comp., Tinct. Cardam. 

Tinct. card, comp, Infus. rosa comp. Saccharum, 
Olea destillata, Tinct. Tolutana, Tinct. Zingiberis. 

CERATES AND OINTMENTS. 

1st Class. — Simple, much used as vehicles. 
Ceratum Simplex. 1 pt. white wax, 2 lard. 

Firmest healing dressing. 
Ceratum Cetacei. 1 sp. cet., 3 wht. wax, 6 olive oil. 

Firm healing dressing. 
Unguentum Simplex. 1 wht. wax, 4 lard. 

Softer healing dressing. 
Ung. Aquae C Almond oil, sp. ceti, \ Softest healing 

Rosas. ( wt. wax, rose water, / dressing. 
Ceratum ( 5 resin, 8 lard, ") Stimulant 

Resinae. ( 2 yellow wax, J healing dressing. 
(Basilicon.) 

2d Class. — Mechanical mixture of medicinal substance 
with unctuous ingredient. 



208 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Group 1. — By fusion. 

Cerat. f Resin, suet, yellow wax, ) Stimu- 

Resinoe Comp. ^ turpentine, flaxseed oil, j lating. 
Ung. Picis. Liq. Tar and suet, equal parts. 

Stimulant, antiseptic. 

Cerat. ( Canth. 12 pts., lard, 10, \ Epispastic. 

Cantharidis. ( y. wax, resin, aa, 7 pts. j Blist. cerat. 

Group 2. — By trituration. 

Cerat. Sabinee. 1 pt. savin, 6 resin cerate. 

Stimulant dressing. 
Ung. Galloe. 1 pt. galls, 7 lard. Astringent. 
Ung. Veratri alb. 1 pt. root, 4 lard and oil lemon. 

In itch. 
Cerat. f §iij Calamine, §xii lard. ^ Mild ast. & 

Calamines. \ giij wax. J desiccant. 

Cerat. < 1 pt. ^n O, C0 2 , \ Mild 

Zinci Carb. ( 5 simple ointment. J astringent. 
Ung. Zinci f 1 pt. £n 0, \ Mild 

Oxidi. \ 6 lard, j Astringent. 

Ung. Cupri < 1 pt. 2 Cu 0, Ac, 6 HO, \ ' Mild 
Subacet. \ 15 pts. simple ointment, j escharotic. 
Ung. ( 1 pt. KO, Sb. 0„ 2 f, } vesiccant 

Antimonii. ( 4 pts lard. j 

Ung. Hydrargyri. Equal parts Hg. and lard. 

Alterative. 
Ung. Hydrargyri. J 1 pt. Hg. CI, N0 2 , ^ Desiccant 
Ammon. ^ 12 simple ointment, j alterative. 

Ung. Hydrargyri f 1 pt. Hg 2 ^ Stimulant 

Oxid. Kub. \ 8 simp, ointm't. $ alterative. 
Ung. f 1 pt. I, one fifth pt.KI, "> Discutient 

Iodinii. \ 24 lard. j alterat'e. 

Ung. " < 1 pt. I, 2 pts. KI. > Discutient 

Comp. I 32 lard. ) alterative. 

Ung. Potassii f 1 pt. KI + 1 pt. Ag. ") Discutient 
Iodid. \ 8 lard. J alterative. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 209 

Ung. Plumbi ( 1 pt. Pb 0, C0 2 , \ Astringent, 
Carb. ( 6 ung. simp. j desiccant. 

Ung. Sulphuris. 1 pt. S, 2 pts. lard. In Itch, 
f Sulph. gj, Ammon. mere sg, "] 
Ung. Sulphuris. j Beng. acid gj, 01. Berg, f^j, ! In 
Comp. j Sulph. acid 13J, Nit. Potas. { Itch 
ILardgvi. ' [gij. J 

Ung. Belladonnas. 1 pt. ext., 8 lard. Anodyne. 
Ung. Stramonii. " ■« 

Ung. Creasoti. Creasote fgss, Lard gj. 

Antiseptic, stimulant. 
Zd Class. — By digesting the ingredient in lard. 
Ung. Tabaci. 3J leaves to lbj lard. Narcotic. 
Ung. Mezerei. §iv bark to ^ x ^ v lard, gij wax. 

Stimulant. 
Ung. Cantharidis, (with boiling water,) gij to gviij 

resin cerate. Stimulant. 
4th Class. — The unctuous ingredient is decomposed. 
Ung. Hydrarg. Nit, (citrine ointment.) 

Powerful stimulant and alterative. 
Cerat. Saponis. Soothing dressing. 
Cerate Plumbi S. Acet. (Goulard's cerate.) Cooling 



18* 



210 



VIII. 

TABLE OF SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

A. TOPOGRAPHICAL. 

1. General Aspect of Patient. 

I. ATTITUDE. 

Unusual languor — invasion of acute disease; course 
of chronic ones. 

Unnatural boldness — insanity; delirium. 

General immobility — catalepsy. 

Irregular and perpetual movement — chorea. 

^Distorted features, altered position, and impaired mo- 
tion of limbs — hemiplegia. 

Tonic spasm of trunk — tetanus. 

II. decubitus. 

Constantly dorsal — cerebral apoplexy, organic disease 
of brain and spinal marrow, acute peritonitis, ge- 
neral articular rheumatism. 

.Prone — generally in gastric, intestinal, hepatic, and 
renal colic. 

Lateral — some stages of pleurisy or pneumonia (not 
general; ) in consumption, when one lung is affected , 
the diseased side is usually lain on. 

Sitting — diseases of heart and lungs, which interfere 
with respiration. 

.Head thrown back — laryngeal and tracheal disease. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 211 

Restlessness, jactitation, &c. — the invasion of acute 
inflammation, idiopathic fevers, many affections of 
children, delirium and acute mania. 

III. VOLUME OF BODY. 

General enlargement — anasarca, or emphysema from 
a wound of the chest 

II. SIGNS FURNISHED BY HEAD, FACE, AND NECK. 

Headbent to one side — convulsions, hemiplegia, torti- 
collis, dislocation of cervical vertebra, cervical glan- 
dular swellings, cicatrices of neck, after burns. 

Head bent forward — vertebral mal-formation. 

Head bent back — diseases with dyspnoea, as croup, 
laryngismus stridulus, suffocative catarrh, &c. Te- 
tanus, spinal meningitis of neck. 

Cranium increased in size — chronic hydrocephalus — 
hypertrophied brain. 

(Edematous scalp — erysipelas, small-pox. 

Facies stupida (dull expression) — typhoid fever. 

Facies vultuosa (full, red face, injected eyes) — cardiac 
hypertrophy, cerebral congestion. 

Pinched countenance (opposite of last) — acute perito- 
nitis, in health, from exposure to severe cold. 

Facies hippocratica — in chronic disease just before 
death, in unusually prolonged acute disease. 

PHYSIOGNOMICAL -RVGM. 

Rugas transversa (in forehead) — excessive pain rising 
externally. 

R. oculo-frontales (from forehead vertically to root of 
nose) — distress, anxiety, anguish, and severe inter- 
nal pain. In acute disease, an imperfect or false 
crisis, impending efflorescence, and often fatal 
termination* Linea oculo-zygomatfca (from inner 
angle of the eye below the cheek-bone) — in children, 



212 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

a cerebral or nervous affection ; in adults, disorder 
or abuse of the generative organs. 

Linea nasalis (from upper border of ala nasi, curved 
to outer margin of the orbicularis oris) — strongly 
marked in phthisis and atrophy, inferior part indi- 
cates gastric disease, upper part affection of the 
upper part of intestine. Conjointly with retraction 
of the cheek, and with the L. oculo-zygomatica, the 
eyes being fixed and complexion wan, an indication 
of worms. 

L. labialis (from angle of mouth to lower part of face) 
— in children, a thoracic affection with dyspnoea. 

L. collateralis nasi (in a semicircular direction to- 
wards the chin, external to last two) — chronic and 
obstinate disease of thoracic or abdominal viscera. 

(Edema of face and eyelids — albuminuria, sometimes 
in anemia. 

Transient redness or flushing of face— women suffering 
from menstrual irregularity, and at the critical pe- 
riod. 

Hectic flush — phthisis, wasting, chronic affections. 

Paleness of face — cold stage of fever, and acute in- 
flammation, chronic diseases, especially Bright's 
disease, in convalescence. 

Dingy white or greenish face — anemia. 

Yellow tint— jaundice. 

Yellow at labial commissures and alse nasi — slight he- 
patic derangement. 

Citron tint — in cancerous affections. 

Bluish hue — impeded venous circulation, as in as- 
phyxia, Asiatic cholera, typhus fever, cyanosis. 

Slate color — from the use of nit. silver. 

Perpetual motion of eyelids — some cases of mania and 
idiocy. 

Forcible closure of eyelids — photophobia. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 213 

Eyelids open — injury of portio-dura from paralysis of 
the orbicularis. 

Paralysis of upper lid — lesion of third pair of nerves. 

Epiphora (flowing of tears over the cheek) — obstruc- 
tion of lachrymal duct, in initial stage of ophthal- 
mia, and in some neuralgic affections of the eye, 
presence of a foreign body. 

Nostrils dilating forcibly and rapidly; difficult respi- 
ration. 

Itching nostrils; in children a sign of intestinal worms. 

III. Region of the Throat. 

Enlarged — some anginose affections, in the first months 
of pregnancy, and at the approach of puberty in fe- 
males. 

Violent pulsation of carotid arteries — acute mania, ce- 
rebral inflammation, hypertrophy of heart with dila- 
tation of right ventricle, anemia, sometimes, in ty- 
phoid fever. 

Pulsation of arteria innominata (above the sternum, 
in front and to the right of the trachea) — aortic re- 
gurgitation. 

Circumscribed swellings — glandular enlargements. 

IV. Region of the Chest. 

General expansion of one side — large pleuritic effusion. 

Bulging at base of lung — gravitating pleuritic effusion. 

Bulging at anterior superior parts of chest — emphy- 
sema. 

Bulging in right hypochondrium-enlargement of liver. 

Bulging in prgecordial region — effusion into pericar- 
dium, or hypertrophy of heart. 

Tumor about the junction of third rib, with right 
side of sternum — aneurism of ascending aorta. 

Tumor between the base of scapula and the spine — 
aneurism of descending aorta. 



214 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Retraction of one side (usually the left) — after ab- 
sorption of pleuritic effusion. 

Depression or local retraction — absorption of circum- 
scribed effusion, phthisis. 

Respiration increased (healthy standard about 20 a 
minute | — dyspnoea, as in spasmodic asthma. 

Respiration diminished — pleurisy and pleurodynia, 
paralysis of respiratory muscles, pneumonia, em- 
physema, pneumothorax, phthisis, &c. 

Respiration jerking — spasmodic asthma, obstruction 
of larynx and trachea, pleurodynia. 

Respiration costal — abdominal inflammation and dia- 
phragmatic pleurisy. 

V. Abdominal Region. 

General increase of volume — ascites, meteorism, tym- 
panites these latter known by resonance, and 
occur in adynamic diseases, peritonitis, intesti- 
nal obstruction, hysteria, &c. 

Enlargement of hypochondria — diseases of liver or 
spleen. 

Enlargement in epigastrium — hysteria and cancer of 
stomach. 

Enlargement in hypogastrium — distention of bladder, 
ovarian tumors, faecal accumulation, ^c. 

Diminished size — in most chronic diseases, as chronic 
dysentery, in lead colic ^with hard muscles. J 

VI. Genital Organs. 

Enlarged penis in children — vesical calculus, mastur- 
bation. 

Cartilaginous hardness of corpora cavernosa — from 
onanism. 

Retraction of testicles — renal calculus. 

Distended scrotum— hydrocele, hematocele, sarcocele. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 215 

Enlarged labia majora — general dropsy, local affec- 
tions. 

VII. Extremities. 

Immovable — paralysis. 

Contracted and rigid — softening of brain. &c. 
(Edematous— from embarrassed circulation. 
Articulations swollen — rheumatism, hydrarthrosis, 

white swelling, &c. 
Diminished in size — paralysis. 

B. PHYSIOLOGICAL. 

/. Functions of the Xervous System. 

I. SENSATION. 

Morbidly augmented—acute inflammatory affections of 
brain and spinal marrow, idiopathic feveis, hyste- 
ria. 

Tensile pain — phlegmonous inflammation. 

Dull, heavy pain — enlarged viscera, internal tumour, 
effusion in serous cavities, in the loins previous to 
menstrual and hemorrhoidal discharges. 

Smarting pain — skin deprived of cuticle, or under in- 
fluence of irritants. 

Lancinating pain — cancer and neuralgia. 

Boring pain — constitutional syphilis, rheumatism, 
gout, inflammation of periosteum, &c. 

Contusive pain — from bruises, in acute diseases. 

Itching and formication — cutaneous disorder. 

Exaltation of vision — ophthalmia, inflammation of 
brain and meninges, some nervous affections. 

Muscae volitantes — affections of brain and optic nerve, 
dyspepsia. 

Hearing painfully acute, cerebral inflammation, hys- 
teria. 

Hearing obtuse — in typhus fever. 



213 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 



II. VOLUNTARY MOTION. 

Increase of strength — acute disorder, with delirium, 
cerebral inflammation, mania. 

Debility, in most diseases. 

Paralysis — indicative of lesion of brain or spinal mar- 
row, as apoplexy, spinal softening, &c, o** of injury 
to a nervous trunk, or it may be functional, as in 
some cases of hysteria. 

Trembling — cold stage of fever, nervous affections, 
ataxic fevers, in old persons, action on the system 
of lead, mercury, strong coffee, alcoholic liquor, to- 
bacco, and opium. 

Rigidity of limbs — in upper extremities, a symptom 
of softening of the brain, cerebral extravasation, 
hysteria. 

III. REFLEX OR EXCTTO-MOTORY SYSTEM. 

Cramp — pregnant women, hysteria, painter's colic, 
&c, &c. 

Tetanus (another form of tonic spasm) — may be tris- 
mus when the muscles of mastication are affected, 
emprosthotonos, with the body bent forwards, opis- 
thotonos, if bent backwards, and pleurosthotonos, 
with lateral curvature. 

Clonic or temporary spasm — seen in convulsions of 
children, in hysteria, and some affections of the 
brain, in subsultus tendinum taking place in acute, 
ataxic diseases, in hiccough, &c. 

Morbid rythmical movements — disease of cerebellum 
or its commissures. 

Reflected or sympathetic sensations, as pain at extre- 
mity of penis from calculus of bladder, pain in right 
shoulder from congested liver, in left shoulder from 
disordered stomach, &c, are numerous. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 217 

IV. INTELLECT. 

Exaltation of affections— hypochondriasis. 

Abolition of moral sensibility; mania, typhus fever. 

Illusion and hallucination ; insanity. 

Exaltation of intellect — melancholia, sometimes at 
close of life. 

Enfeebled intellect — typhus fever. 

Delirium — diseases of brain and its meninges, typhus 
fever, the exanthemata ; diseases of chest and abdo- 
men. 

Insomnia — mania, &c. 

Drowsiness — typhoid fever, some affections of the 
brain, &c. 

Function of Respiration. 

I. DYSPNOEA. 

From the access of pure air impeded. 

a. Mechanical. 

Rigidity of parts — cartilages ossified, pleura indu- 
rated, rickety distortion. 

Pressure of parts — tumours or dropsies of abdomen. 

Obstructions of air-tubes — effusions, swellings, or tu- 
mours pressing on them, spasm of glottis or bronchi. 

Compression of lungs — effusions or tumours in pleural 
sac, in pleurisy, hydrothorax, pneumothorax, aneu- 
rism, &c. 

Alteration in tissue of lungs — enlargement of the ves- 
sels, effusions, as oedema, hepatization, tubercle, &c. ; 
altered structure, or emphysema, dilated bronchi, 
vomica, &c. 

b. Chemical. 

Deficiency of oxygen in the air — mephitic gas, rari- 
fied air. 

19 



218 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

c. Vital. 
Pain of parts moved in respiration — pleurodynia, pleu- 

ritis, peritonitis, &c. 
Paralysis of muscles — injury of spinal marrow. 
Weakness of muscles — prostration in ataxic fever, &c. 
Spasm of muscles — tetanus, spasmodic asthma. 

2. From the state of the blood, 

a. Mechanical. 

Obstruction to the passage of blood — diseases of heart 
and great vessels, tumours pressing on them. 

b. Chemical. 

An excessively venous state — violent exertion. 
Deficiency of red particles — anaemia, chlorosis. 

3. From the nervous relations of parts. 
Excessive sensibility of par vagum — hysteric dyspnoea, 

cerebral fevers. 
Defective sensibility of par vagum — coma, narcotism, 

&c. 

II. COUGH. 

Hollow or barking — in last stage of consumption, 
chronic bronchitis, in some nervous affections. 

Sharp or ringing — in croup. 

Hoarse — incipient catarrh, chronic laryngitis, angi- 
nous affections. 

Wheezing — asthma. 

Belching — some disease of larynx. 

Paroxysmal — hooping-cough, hysteria. 

On auscultation, bronchial (harsh, rapidly evolved, 
concentrated) — phthisis, pneumonia, pleurisy, dila- 
tation of bronchi. 

On auscultation, cavernous (hollow) — tubercular ex- 
cavation, dilated bronchi. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 219 

On ausculation, amphoric (metallic or ringing) — bron- 
cho-pleural fistula, large, tubercular excavation. 

III. EXPECTORATION. 

Scanty — first stage of acute affections of lungs. 

Copious — decline of acute disease of air-passages or 
lungs, in chronic affections. 

Serous or watery — forming stage of bronchitis, pul- 
monary congestion, and vesicular emphysema. 

Mucous — bronchitis, and pneumonia. 

Purulent — phthisis, third stage of pneumonia. 

Nummular (like coin) — tubercular phthisis, bronchitis 
of measles, occasionally in chronic bronchitis. 

Flocculent, muco-purulent ; — advanced phthisis. 

Tubular — plastic bronchitis, pneumonia. 

Whitish — beginning of acute affections of the lungs. 

Yellowish or greenish ; acute bronchitis. 

Rusty — pneumonia. 

Putrid smell — gangrene of lungs. 

Faint and sweetish smell — bronchitis, and first stage 
of phthisis. 

Alliaceous odour — broncho-pleural fistula. 

IV. PAIN. 

Dull, heavy, aching, round the base of the chest — acute 

bronchitis. 
Soreness in sternal region, and between the shoulders 

— acute bronchitis. 
Sharp, lancinating, sudden, usually below the nipple 

— pleuritic. 
Darting from anterior part of chest to interscapular 

region — in phthisis. 
Constant pain between the shoulders — in phthisis, 

chlorosis, other chronic diseases. 

V. EFFECTS OF PERCUSSION. 

Increased clearness of sound — in pneumothorax and 
emphysema. 



220 SYiMPT OMATOLOGY. 

Dulness of sound — pneumonia, pleurisy, phthisis, hy- 
drothorax, &c. 

Wooden sound — chronic pleurisy, with dense mem- 
branes. 

Tympanitic — pneumothorax and emphysema. 

Tubular — pleuritic effusion, tubercular excavation. 

Amphoric (imitated by filliping the inflated cheek) 
— tubercular cavities. 

Cracked-metal sound — cavities near the surface. 

VI. EFFECTS OF AUSCULTATION. 

Exaggerated respiration — in portions of lungs ad- 
joining those unfit for respiration. 

Weak respiration — from obstruction to entrance of 
air to the part. 

Suppressed respiration — when mucus clogs up a large 
bronchus. 

Jerking respiration — incipient pleurisy, spasmodic 
asthma, tuberculous infiltration. 

Incomplete respiration (inspiratory murmur deficient) 

— spasmodic asthma. 
Bronchial respiration (like the top of sternum and root 

of lung naturally) — in pneumonia, tubercles, &c. 
Cavernous and amphoric — tuberculous excavation. 

Dry Rhonchi. 

Sibilant — in bronchitis, from modified calibre of air- 
cells. 

Sonorous — Ditto. 

Dry, crackling (few in number, co-existing with in- 
spiration) — first stage of phthisis. 

Humid Rhonchi. 

Crepitation (imitated by rubbing a lock of hair be- 
tween the fingers near the ear) — pneumonia in 
stage of engorgement and of resolution. 

Subcrepitant (more moist than last) — in capillary 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 221 

bronchitis, pneumonia at resolution, pulmonary apo- 
plexy, oedema of lung. 

Mucous — bubbling through liquid in bronchi of large 
size. 

Cavernous or gurgling — same as last, but in the pul- 
monary excavation. 

Friction sound — from diseased pleura. 

Diminished vocal resonance — in vesicular emphysema, 
pneumo-thorax. 

Exaggerated vocal resonance, or bronchophony — tu- 
bercle, pneumonia in stage of hepatization. 

iEgophony (nasal tone like a bleat of a goat) — pleuritic 
effusion. 

Pectoriloquy (resonance, as in a hollow, and trans- 
mitted in articulate words) — tubercular caverns, 
and dilated bronchi. 

Metallic, tinkling sound (imitated by striking gently 
a hollow, glass vessel with a pin) — in pneumo-hy- 
drothorax, with bronchial fistula, in some excava- 
tions of the lungs. 

III. Circulatory Functions, 

I. AUSCULTATION OF THE HEART, 
a. Its Impulse. 

(Is correspondent with the pulse at the wrist, unless 
mechanical impediments exist.) 

Strong — in fevers and inflammations. 

Small vibratile — after hemorrhage in anaemia, &c. 

Full, strong, heaving, and somewhat diffused — hyper- 
trophy. 

Still more powerful, felt over the whole precordial 
region — hypertrophy with dilatation. 

Feeble and diffused — ventricular dilatation. 

Sharp, concentrated — in anaemic or nervous persons, 
19* 



222 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

atrophy of the muscular walls of the heart -with 

fatty degeneration. 
Visible at scrobiculous cordis — obstruction anterior 

to tricuspid valve. 
Visible at scrobiculus cordis, as well as between the 

ribs of left side — disease of mitral valve. 

b. Its Rhythm. 
(The natural rhythm is a long sound, a short sound, 

and an interval.) 
Altered rhythm — most frequent cause is valvular 
change, dilatation of heart and atrophy of walls of 
ventricles, effusions into the pericardium. 

c Its Sound. 
(Natural sound represented by lub-tub-lub-tub.) 

Louder and clearer — dilatation of the cavities, with 
thinning of the walls, without valvular disease. 

Clearer, but not louder — muscular atrophy of the pa- 
rietes. 

Decreased sounds — impeded action, hypertrophy. 
(Unnatural sounds, or murmurs.) 

Endo-cardial, or blowing murmurs, bellows murmur, 
rasping do., filing do., musical do.) — indicative of 
valvular lesions, of diseased blood, as anaemia, of 
nervous disease of heart. 

Exocardial (rubbing murmur and its varieties) — peri- 
carditis, from the attrition of roughened surfaces. 

II. CHARACTER OF THE PULSE, 
a. As to its force and intensity. 
Strong resists compression by the finger. — In inflam- 
matory affections, especially of the parenchyma of 
the solid viscera, as lungs and liver, in the active 
hemorrhages. In plethoric and strong individuals, 
any derangement of circulation will cause it. 
Weak (easily compressible) — disease with prostration, 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 223 

nervous and chronic affections, especially when 
caused by perverted nutrition, produced by fear, 
diseases of old men, women, and children. 

Full; volume of artery seems increased — natural 
pulse of plethoric and tall persons, diseases with 
strong pulse, cerebral congestion and apoplexy, 
cardiac disease. 

Small; opposite of fall — often from narrowing of 
aortic orifice, in the serous phlegmasia, as perito- 
nitis, pericarditis, inflammations of stomach, in- 
testines, bladder, &c, in hysteria, hypochondriasis, 
and other nervous affections — In chlorosis, in cold 
stage of fevers, diseases with violent paroxysms of 
pain, a symptom of adynamic and ataxic diseases, 
and of purulent resorption. 

Corded; (hard, sharp, or contracted, giving a vibra- 
tory sensation to the fingers) — In the membranous 
phlegmasia; sanguine congestions; active hemor- 
rhages ; neurosis, lead colic, &c. 

Soft; (compressible or liquid, yields readily to pres- 
sure) — in adynamic affections. 

b. As to its Rhythm. 

Frequent — febrile and inflammatory disease, hemor- 
rhages, &c. 

Slow or infrequent — apoplexy, acute tubercular me- 
ningitis, some adynamic affections, sometimes in 
diseases of heart. 

Unequal (dicrotous or double in beat) — Convales- 
cence. 

iv. Function of Digestion. 

Tongue diminished in size (generally also trembling 
and dry) — typhus and other low fevers. 

Tongue coated, &c. — Dr. Louis' observations indi- 
cate that the tongue does not show the true state 
of the stomach. This is a subject worthy of fur- 
ther investigation. 



224 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Appetite voracious — pregnancy, hysteria and insanity. 

Appetite diminished — most acute diseases. 

Thirst increased — acute affections, especially of sto- 
mach and bowels — after hemorrhage, in diabetes. - 

Thirst abolished — some cerebral diseases with coma. 

Vomiting — beginning of acute inflammatory and fe- 
brile affections, early pregnancy, in colic, cerebral 
diseases, hernia. 

Pain, aggravated by pressure — inflammation of vis- 
cera, peritonitis. 
Pain relieved by pressure — over-distention,neuralgia 
colic. 

Tormina — acute colic. 

Tenesmus — in dysentery. 

Faeces watery — serous diarrhoea, Asiatic cholera. 

Faeces mucous (like white of egg:) — chronic inflam- 
mation of the colon. 

Faeces hard and scybalous— constipation, colic, cancer 
of stomach, &c. 

Faeces clay colour — deficiency of bile. 

Faeces yellow or dark brown — excess of bile. 

Faeces dark green — from bile, after calomel in children. 

Faeces red or streaked with blood — dysentery, when 
the blood is dark, and, mixed with the faeces, it is 
usually from the upper part of intestinal canal. 

Faeces pitchy black — melaena. 

Faeces pure blood, unattended with colic — hemor- 
rhoids. Faeces semi-transparent and colourless, 
with whitish clots (like rice-water or turbid whey) — 
Asiatic cholera. 

Faeces black — from iron as medicine. 

Faeces with shreds of false membrane— dysentery and 
diarrhoea, biliary or intestinal calculi, worms, &c 

Faeces with fat — diabetes, phthisis. 

Faeces fetid — adynamic diseases. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 225 



v. Urinary Secretion. 



Suppression or diminution — most inflammatory and 
febrile diseases, dropsy. 

Retention in the bladder — from paralysis, typhoid fe- 
ver, hysteria, &c. 

Increased amount — diabetes, cold stage of fevers, hys- 
teria, from various passions of the mind. 

Urine darker than usual in inflammatory affections ; if 
much blood is abstracted during their progress, it be- 
comes clearer; at the height of the inflammation it 
is clear and deeply coloured; when it subsides, there 
is a yellow or reddish sediment of uric acid and 
urates. 

Deposits of uric acid (red or yellow sand sediments) — 
fever, acute inflammation, rheumatism, phthisis, all 
the grades of dyspepsia, diseases attended with ar- 
rest of perspiration, diseases of genital apparatus, 
from blows and strains of the loins, excessive in- 
dulgence in animal food, too little exercise. 

Deposits of earthy phosphates (white sediment) — in- 
dicate a depressed state of the nervous energy of 
serious importance. 

Deposits of oxalate of lime — digestive derangement. 

Urine containing blood — hemorrhage of kidneys or 
urinary tract. 

Albuminous urine — Bright' s disease, dropsy after scar- 
latina, &c. 

Mucous urine — irritated or inflamed state of genito- 
urinary mucous membrane. 

Sugar in urine — dyspepsia; when excessive, diabetes 
mellitus. 

VI. Perspiration. 

Profuse — acute rheumatism, decline of acute inflam- 
mations and fevers (the latter often critical.) 

Diminished — early stage of acute disease, dropsy, dia- 
betes. 



226 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Night sweats— phthisis (profuse, debilitating.) 

Excessive acid odour; (rheumatism, gout.) 

Odour fetid — some adynamic fevers. 

Odour mouldy — measles, scarlet fever. 

Odour ammoniacal — sometimes in typhoid fever. 

Odour peculiar in insanity. 

Odour of chlorine or rotten stone — miliary. 

VII Animal Heat. 

General heat of surface — in fevers. 

External local heat — in inflammation. 

Forehead hot — cephalalgia. 

Scalp hot — cerebral disease. 

Integument of chest hot — thoracic inflammation. 

Hands and feet hot — phthisis. 

Peculiar acrid heat (burning the applied hand) — in 
typhus fever. 

Chill — initial of fever, and of thephlegmasise, particu- 
larly pneumonia. 

Temperature generally low — from languid circula- 
tion. 

Coldness of hands and feet— in nervous and anaemic 
persons. 



227 

IX. 

OUTLINES OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY 

AND THERAPEUTICS. 

A. PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF DISEASE.' 

/. Properties of Contractile [Muscular) fibre. 

a. IRRITABILITY. 

1. Excessive. Seen in excessive strength, as in deli- 
rium ; or in quickness, as in convulsions or clonic 
spasm; or in unusual duration, in tonic spasm 
(cramp, catalepsy, and tetanus.) Remedies. — If 
from flow of blood, antiphlogistic; firm pressure on 
muscles in cramp (masseter muscle in trismus.) 
If from nervous irritation, narcotics and antispas- 
modics, especially stramonium, belladonna, sul- 
phuric ether, and Indian hemp. 

2. Defective. In force (weakness and paralysis) or in 
readiness to contract (as from opium, digitalis, &c, 
and some cerebral diseases.) Remedies. — Repose, 
if from exhaustion ; stimulants, as ammonia, bran- 
dy, &c, (often large quantities,) electricity, cold 
water dash ; strychnia and cantharides in paraly- 
sis (endermic application best.) 

b. TONICITY. 

(Cold increases tonicity and impairs irritability.) 

1. Excessive. Remedies. — Antimony, &c, to relax 
the fibre. 

2. Defective. Remedies. — Tonics, especially cold, Pe- 
ruvian bark, iron, the mineral acids, and generous 
living. 



228 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

II. Properties of Nerves. 

a. SENSIBILITY (GENERAL.) 

1. Excess. Narcotics mostly required, as opium, hen- 
bane, hemlock, &c. If vascular excitement, anti- 
phlogistic treatment; with weakness, slow pulse, 
and absence of fever, tonics and stimulants as well 
as narcotics required. (Inhalation of ether the 
most powerful anodyne.) 

2. Defective (sls in coma, &c.) Sometimes depletion; 
if no disease, mental excitement, bodily exertion, 
the cold dash, and friction ; from narcotics and re- 
tained excrement : use purgatives, diuretics, eme- 
tics, &c. If anaemia, stimulants. 

3. Perverted Sensibility (illusory or depraved sensa- 
tions.) Chalybeates, &c. ; narcotics, &c, as pal- 
liatives. 

b. LOCAL SENSIBILITY. 

1. Excessive (from disease, &c, as the pain of pleu- 
risy, &o.) If from inflammation, antiphlogistics; if 
remaining after inflammation, anodynes (endermic 
application of morphia often useful ; remove the cu- 
ticle by a blister, and apply one or two grains of a 
soluble salt of morphia ; as the acetate or hydro- 
chlorate ; repeat once or twice daily, and keep the 
surface moist;) counter- irritation and warmth (as 
gastrodynia relieved by a sinapism at the pit of the 
stomach.) In a weak circulation, especially if the 
pain be intermittent, tonics are useful (as neuralgia 
treated with quinine, and iron; hemicrania with 
quinine, or liquor arsenicalis.) 

C VOLUNTARY MOTION. 

1. Excessive, Depletion, antimonia^, cold to the 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 229 

head, if determination of blood. If more nervous, 
narcotics. 

2. Defective. Excite the nervous centres through the 
circulation, as by stimulants, &c. (Hysterical coma 
often removed by a turpentine injection, or croton 
oil purge, which acts both as a revulsive to the 
vessels, and a stimulant to the nerves.) 

3. Perverted Volition. Treatment various; as deli- 
rium tremens by narcotics, as opium, chorea, by 
nervous tonics, especially iron and zinc. 

d. REFLEX ACTION. 

Connected with organic life. The contractions of all 
the sphincters, and the regular action of the mus- 
cles of respiration depend on it. (A nervous influ- 
ence, independent of the will conveyed by afferent 
nerves from the surface to the spinal marrow, and 
reflected from it through efferent nerves to the 
muscles of the parts.) 

1. Excess. Seen in spasm of throat in hydrophobia, 
tetanus, hysteria, &c. ; in convulsive motions of 
lower limbs when tickled, &c, in paraplegia, &c. 
Also in epileptic and apoplectic convulsions, which 
are centric when resulting from diseases in the head 
or loss of blood ; or eccentric when from irritation 
of the extremities of afferent nerves; as from teeth- 
ing, intestinal, uterine, and renal irritation, passing 
a bougie sometimes, &c. ; also in partial spasms, 
and sympathetic irritation of distant parts. 

If these inordinate reflex actions are general or exten- 
sive, as convulsions, tetanus, and paraplegia, we 
refer them to undue excitement, or erethism of the 
spinal marrow ; the more partial examples (sym- 
pathetic irritation, &c. ) may arise from a small por- 
tion of it only, or of the afferent or efferent nerve 
of the part. Increased flow of blood to the medulla, 
20 



230 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

or its nerves, or the branches of the sympathetic 
nerve; the direct action of poisons, as strychnia ; 
mechanical irritation on the spinal marrow, or its 
nerves (as in tetanus, tumours, and spicula of bone 
in spinal canal, &c.,) may cause this excitement. 
The involuntary excito-motory property is also ac- 
cumulated by rest and sleep. Hence narcotism, 
injury of the spine, sedentary habits, too much 
sleep, &c, by suspending volition, may cause a mor- 
bid excess of involuntary nervous power and deve- 
lop convulsive and spasmodic symptoms, which are 
the result of its overflow. 

Remedies. — Often antiphlogistic, because often depen- 
dent on determination of blood. If more purely ner- 
vous, as tetanus, &c, a narcotic used (hydrocyanic 
acid, woorara, resin of Indian hemp, conium, &c, 
reduce the power of the spinal system, and cause 
general relaxation of muscles, but they may destroy 
life by arresting respiration ; useful, however, in 
small doses in slighter irritations as vomiting, ner- 
vous palpitation, and hiccup.) Extract of bella- 
donna and stramonium, useful in convulsive cough 
and spasmodic asthma, and combined with opium 
in the spasms of colic, dysentery, and clysuria. 

In weak subjects, without inflammation, medicines 
which act as stimulants to the heart, and vessels, 
and cerebral functions, and also as sedatives to the 
medullary system (the stimulant antispasmodics, as 
ether, ammonia, musk, essential oils, external heat 
and counter-irritation, &c.) Tonics also reduce 
the excitability of the spinal excito-motory system, 
especially metallic tonics, as iron, nitrate of silver, 
sulphate and oxide of zinc, and sulphate of copper, 
cold baths, change of air, and exercise useful. 

2. Defective reflex actions; seen in paralysis of sphinc- 
ters, eyelids ; and muscles of respiration; and ex- 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 231 

treme debility from fatigue, excitement, or directly 
depressing influences. 
Remedies. — Stimulants, narcotics, tonics (indiscrimi- 
nate use of narcotics hazardous in extreme weak- 
ness;) should be preceded or combined with stimu- 
lants ; those least depressing to be preferred, as 
opium ; give suitable nourishment also in liquid 
form. 

e. REFLECTED (OR SYMPATHETIC) SENSATION. 

Reflex action referred to motion, but the impressions 
which cause sensation may be reflected in a similar 
manner: thus, ascarides in the rectum cause itching 
of the anus, congestion of the liver, often a pain in 
the right shoulder blade, and the pains of angina 
and gastrodynia often extend to the whole chest ; 
the former especially radiates to the left arm. 

Remedies. — 1st. Those that remove the irritating 
cause. 2. Anodynes, by deadening sensibility (the 
efficacy of trisnitrate of bismuth and hydrocyanic 
acid in gastrodynia, and some kinds of angina, not 
referrible to a narcotic property. ) Tonics are often 
useful, as morbid sympathies, like other nervous 
disorders, are exalted by weakness or irregularity 
of the circulation. 

III. Properties of Secretion. 

1. Excessive Secretion weakens, from the drain it 
causes from the blood. Its effects may be forwards 
on the parts to which the secretion goes, or back- 
wards on the organ which secretes it and the blood 
from which it is formed. 

(Forward effects of excessive secretion of bile seen in 
bilious diarrhoea or cholera; of profuse mucous se- 
cretion in the intestines in simple diarrhoea : in the 
bronchi in dyspnoea and cough ; in the stomach seen 



232 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

in pyrosis or water brasli, &c. Backward effects 
seen in torpid bowels after diarrhoea.) 

Remedies. — If dependent on the quantity and quality 
of the blood, depletion, derivation, and evacuants. 
(The excessive secretion then a means of relief, and 
arrested by increasing it, as a purge of calomel will 
stop a bilious diarrhoea, from an engorged liver.) 
If from nervous or other irritation, causing weak- 
ness and disturbance of the functions, it may be 
checked by tonics and astringents (as cold to the 
part, alum, superacetate of lead, sulphates of zinc 
and copper, gallic acid and tannin, vegetables which 
contain tannin, &c, mineral acids, &c. These act 
by direct application, as in diarrhoea, or leucor- 
rhoea, or through the circulation. Some agents 
without a general astringent effect, diminish the se- 
cretion of particular organs, as opium, which re- 
markably lessens the secretion of the liver, and 
sometimes that of the kidneys.) 

If excessive secretion have caused febrile disturbance, 
means to increase other secretions may restore a 
proper balance. Thus, in bilious cholera, saline di- 
uretics and diaphoretics are serviceable; in renal 
irritation, with copious secretion of lithic acid, blue 
pill to augment the bile is often beneficial (combi- 
nations of medicines more useful in any disturbance 
of secretion, especially if long continued, as mercu- 
rials with diuretics, antimonials with salines, &o.) 

2. Defective. May cause general plethora, or local 
congestions, leading to dropsical effusions, fluxes, 
hemorrhages, or inflammations. Forward effects 
instanced in disorder in the latter stages of diges- 
tion, from deficiency of bile. Backward effects often 
seen in congestion of the organ; and very remarkably 
in the case of the excretions, as urine and bile, 
which poison the blood when retained, causing ty- 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 233 

phoid symptoms, extreme depression, coma, and 
death. If the suppression be incomplete in the lat- 
ter instances, the poisoning process is more tardy, 
producing various functional and visceral derange- 
ment, as delirium, or lethargy, dyspnoea, palpita- 
tion, vomiting, diarrhoea, &c. (The excrementi- 
tious matters may then be detected in the blood, 
and other parts of the body; as the colour of bile 
in the textures in jaundice : urea in the blood. &c, 
in glandular degeneration of the kidneys, &c. Gout, 
rheumatism, degeneration, dropsies. &c, are often 
caused by various degrees of defective excretion.) 
Remedies. — If from defective supply of blood, stimu- 
lants, &c; if from inflammation or congestion, de- 
pletion or derivation. Often the first disorder is in 
the secreting structure itself, and the remedy must 
be those agents which increase the respective se- 
cretions; as mercury for the liver; colchicum, ni- 
tre, &c, for the kidneys : croton oil, jalap, sulphate 
of magnesia. &c, for the intestines, &c. (These 
specific stimuli in excess, or to ) long continued, may 
cause not only general weakness, but also an ex- 
haustion of the vital properties which they excite ; 
as long or excessive use of mercury causes torpidi- 
ty of the liver ; of purgatives, imperfect action of 
bowels; of diuretics, scanty, albuminous, or watery 
urine ; — hence they should be intermitted and al- 
ternated with tonics, as bitters with mercurials ; 
chalybeates with saline aperients and diuretics.) 
In chronic cases, medicines which are inferior in ef- 
ficacy to be preferred, because less exhaustion — 
(examples; taraxacum, iodine, sarsaparilla, nitric 
and nitro-muriatic acids.) Where defective secre- 
tions are not readily restored, they may sometimes 
be compensated for by artificial substitutes. Thus 
ox-gall, aloes, and soap, or toasted bacon at break- 
20* 



234 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

fast promotes the action of the intestines, in de- 
fective secretion of bile; and defective secretion of 
mucus may be remedied bj mucilage, &c. 

3. Perverted Secretion often accompanies excess and 
defect. In febrile diseases, the secretion of the 
kidneys and the alimentary canal are altered as 
well as diminished; inflammation and determina- 
tion of blood change as well as increase the secre- 
tion from mucous membranes, rendering it more 
saline and sometimes albuminous, &c. Altered secre- 
tion may be unfit for use ; as a thin, acrid mucus irri- 
tates instead of protecting the membrane, as a co- 
ryza and mucous diarrhoea ; viscid, dry mucus 
obstructs the tubes ; altered gastric juice causes in- 
digestion; sebaceous matter accumulating in the 
follicles of the skin causes irritation, inflamma- 
tion, &c. 

Remedies. — Usually those which increase secretion. 
In some cases tonics may be advantageously com- 
bined with them. Such a combination is presented 
in most of those remedies called alteratives. 

IV. Constituents of the Blood. 
The principal constituents of the blood, necessary to 
be mentioned here, are the red particles, fibrin and 
albumen, either in excess, defect, or alteration. The 
other constituents of the blood are oil, salts, and 
water. In malignant cholera, the defect of saline 
matter, and water, owing to the excessive evacua- 
ations, seems to be the cause of the obstructed cir- 
culation, lividity and collapse, and hence the tem- 
porary efficacy of injection of saline solutions into 
the veins of such patients. 

a. RED PARTICLES. 

The red particles of the blood are distinct structures — 
living cells, floating in the liquor sanguinis; they 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 235 

have a tendency to cohere in piles or roleaus in 
fresh-drawn blood, and this tendency is strongest 
in blood taken from a person affected with inflam- 
mation. 

1. Excess. Seen in sanguineous plethora. A slight 
increase has been detected in the early stage of in- 
flammations and fevers, especially eruptive fevers, 
as measles and scarlatina. 

Remedies. Blood-letting the speediest agent. Low or 
vegetable diet and the antiphlogistic regimen gene- 
rally: saline medicines, much diluted and taken 
copiously, have a remarkable effect. 

2. Defect. Seen in the lymphatic temperament, also 
after a great loss of blood, in chlorosis and other 
ansemic states, in scrofulous and tubercular diseases, 
in the latter periods of fevers, and after severe in- 
flammations, in glandular degeneration of the kid- 
ney, &c, &c. Known by paleness of parts natural- 
ly red, pallid or sallow complexion, a weak state 
of the functions generally. 

Remedies. Air; light, nourishing food, especially 
brown meats ; tonics, particularly iron (Quevenne's 
metallic iron, Ferrum per Hydrogen.) 

3. Alteration. — Of the red particles is evinced by 
change of colour in the blood, and change of form 
in the individual corpuscles, as seen by the micro- 
scope. 

Seen in scurvy; in the Walcheren and other malig- 
nant fevers, in cachsemia, from malarious influence, 
generally in connexion with a diseased spleen; in 
congestive typhoid fevers, &c. 

Remedies. Saline medicines have been recommended 
in typhoid and malignant fevers ; but remedies to 
increase the excretions in connexion with those men- 
tioned under the last head, are less questionable ; in 
malarious and anemic cachgemia ; the use of purga- 



236 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

tives and diuretics, combined with chalybeate to- 
nics, has produced the best effects. 

b. FIBRIN. 

But little difference beween fibrin and albumen, in 
chemical composition, yet fibrin is distinguished by 
its being organizable or susceptible of life. It 
causes the coagulation of the blood; it constitutes 
the buffy coat and coagulable lymph; and is pro- 
bably the material by which chiefly the textures are 
nourished and repaired. 

1. Excess. In all true inflammatory diseases, espe- 
cially those of a sthenic character, and in acute rheu- 
matism. There is a relative excess also in diseases 
connected with a deficiency of red particles. 

Remedies. Blood-letting and low diet ; yet fibrin is 
less reduced by them than excess of red particles. 
Remedies which increase the more solid secretions 
probably diminish the fibrin. 

2. Defect. Seen in fluidity, or but slight coagulation 
of blood when drawn, or in asthenic tendency to 
hemorrhage, and unmanageable oozing of blood 
from an accidental wound, &c, in cases of poison- 
ing with hydrocyanic acid, &c, in adynamic fevers, 
&c, in cases of asphyxia, cyanosis, &c. 

Remedies. f Assist the functions on which the supply 
of fibrin depends. If the digestive organs will bear 
them, meat, eggs, bread and other articles abound- 
ing in protein : assist digestion and assimilation by 
stimulants, bitters, quinine, and the mineral acids ; 
help respiration by the access of pure, cool air ; 
avoid fatigue ; secure sleep, if necessary, by narco- 
tics; toxicological means, of course, if called for. 

3. Alterations. Seen in the varieties presented by the 
buffy coat, and contractions of the clot of blood. 
Also in the varieties of the reparative process. 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 237 

False membrane, deposits, &c, in a healthy sub- 
ject, maybe euplastic, or in a high degree organized 
and healthy. But in many instances the nutritive 
material is caco-plastic, or susceptible of only a low 
degree of organization, as in induration, from chro- 
nic inflammation, in fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis, gray 
tubercle, &c. It may also be aplastic, or not or- 
ganizable at all, as in pus, curdy matter, yellow 
tubercle, &c. 
Remedies. The increased properties of separation and 
contraction manifested by blood in inflammation, 
are reduced by blood-letting, &c. Yet if antiph- 
logistic remedies do not remove local inflammation, 
they may render its product more injurious by 
lowering its plasticity. Hence the necessity of en- 
deavouring to remove inflammations before they be- 
come chronic, and when there is risk of such event, 
improving the condition of the blood by a tonic and 
nutritive plan, conjoined with local antiphlogistic 
measures. A similar tonic treatment is indicated 
in scrofulous, chlorotic, and other cachectic states, 
where the fibrin is relatively copious with a ten- 
dency to aplastic deposits. In addition, remedies 
likely to keep the fibrin dissolved, as alkalies, and 
iodide of potassium, are advisable, although the 
eflicacy of these means has not been fully proved. 

c. Albumen. 

1. Excess. Exists in most cases of inflammations, and 
fevers, especially during their more active stages. 
Its increase is not, however, in proportion to that 
of fibrin. Its excess in cholera is due to the removal 
of the water of the blood. Very poor living, exten- 
sive hemorrhage, and other drains will reduce it. 

2. Defect. Met with in cases of albuminuria, and in 
diabetes: it seems to be a chief constituent of the 
dropsical diathesis. 



238 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

Remedies. Those which restrain wasting discharges 
and improve general nutrition. Cod-liver oil re- 
commended for the last purpose. 

V. Changes in the Blood by Respiration. 

The change of venous into arterial blood is never in 
excess, for the activity of the respiration is adapted 
to the rapidity of the circulation, and the corre- 
sponding need of change. 

Defect of the change is the essence of asphyxia or ap- 
noea. 

Remedies. Rest, fresh air and sedative medicines 
(as digitalis, hyoscyamus, &c.,) or antispasmodics. 
Sometimes an enfeebled circulation may require 
stimulants, or an engorged venous system calls for 
depletion. In suspended animation from drowning. 
&c, artificial respiration, frictions, the warm bath, 
stimulants, &c. 

VI. Changes in the Blood by Excretion. 

See Sect. III. Property of Secretion. 

Other changes may be produced in the blood from the 
transformation of the chyle and of the textures, in- 
cluding the processes of nutrition and r<piration 
(probably the cause of gout, diabetes, and ooesity.) 
The presence of foreign matters in the blood, also, 
may excite various contagious epidemic or endemic 
diseases ; but too little is yet ascertained to supply 
any certain knowledge. 

b. PROXIMATE OR SECONDARY ELEMENTS OF DISEASE. 

i". Anmnia. 

The exciting causes of anaemia are circumstances 
which injure or withdraw the blood; profuse dis- 
charges of other fluids; scanty or poor food; im- 
pure air; chronic diseases, and uterine irregularity, 
as chlorosis. 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 289 

The general symptoms are weakness, both muscular 
and organic; defective nutrition; and imperfect san- 
guification; the nervous system is also frequently 
excited. 

Remedies. — (See A. Section IV.) Those which in- 
crease the constituents of the blood. 

II Hyperemia, or Excess of Blood. 

This may be general (plethora,) with increased motion 
(sthenic,) or with diminished motion (asthenic;) or 
it may be local, with diminished motion (conges- 
tion,) or with increased motion, determination of 
blood.) The results of these may be hemorrhage, 

. flux, dropsy, &c. Another variety of hyperemia 
may be distinguished by an altered or perverted 
action of the vessels. This is chiefly local, and 
includes inflammation. 

Remedies. — Forplethora, blood-letting and other eva- 
cuants. In the sthenic kind, sedative and relaxing 
remedies are also indicated, but in the asthenic, 
tonics, and even stimulants; or alterative aperients 
as mild mercurials, with rhubarb, aloes, or senna, 
salines, and taraxacum, iodide of potassium, &c, 
may prepare the way for various tonics. 

For congestion, the most important means are those 
which contribute to a removal of its cause, as the 
loosening of a ligature, reduction of a compressing 
tumour, moderating the action of a diseased heart, 
or restoring the secretion of the liver, &c. In con- 
gestion from atony of the vessels, a change of pos- 
ture sometimes gives relief, as in congestive fevers, 
when the head is affected, it should be elevated ; 
congested uterine, or hemorrhoidal, vessels, and 
varicose limbs, are assisted by the recumbent pos- 
ture. Pressure, as by bandages, &c, is also useful 
at times. Astringents are sometimes useful by in- 



240 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

creasing the contractility of the vessels. Stimu- 
lants also are often very effective, as diluted spirit 
lotion to a congested conjunctiva, capsicum gargle 
to a congested throat, or a stimulant wash to a pur- 
ple sore, &c. 

For determination of blood, the removal of stimuli or 
irritants from the part, or the reduction of their ac- 
tion by soothing or diluent remedies, is the first in- 
dication. The atonic distention of the arteries sup- 
plying the part may be relieved by cold, astringents, 
and derivants; as cold lotions to the head, and the 
hot foot-bath in determination to the head. Evacu- 
ants, also, and frequently blood-letting, are indi- 
cated as derivants. 

Inflammation. — In incipient inflammation, for the con- 
gestion, astringents, stimulants, or evacuants may 
be useful. For the irritation of the nerves and ves- 
sels, sedatives, derivatives, and evacuants. 

In local inflammation, the remedies for congestion and 
determination are applicable. For impeded circu- 
lation in a part, moist heat, and other stimulants; 
but, for increased circulation, the remedies for de- 
termination. In inflammation with fever, general 
blood-letting and other evacuants are called for; 
relaxants, as antimony, &c. ; low diet, &c. 

(A remarkable fact has been discovered by Dr. Mar^ 
shall Hall, viz., that in inflammatory diseases a 
much larger quantity of blood maybe drawn with- 
out producing syncope, than can be taken in health, 
or in other diseases.) He says: "In cases in which 
it is doubtful whether the pain or other local affec- 
tion be the effect of inflammation or of irritalion, 
the question is immediately determined by placing 
the patient upright, and looking upwards, and 
bleeding to incipient syncope. In inflammation 
much blood flows; in irritation very little." This 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 241 

he considers a rule for blood letting, a guard against 
undue and inefficient blood-letting, and a 'source of 
diagnosis, in the fullest sense of the word." 
The following table shows the results of his investi- 
gations, as to the tolerance of blood-letting in dif- 
ferent diseases, before incipient syncope. 

I. AUGMENTED TOLERANCE. 

1. Congestion of the brain, gxl — 1. 

2. Inflammation of serous, synovial, and fibrous mem- 
branes, t ^xxx — xl. 

3. Inflammation of the parenchyma of organs (brain, 
lung, liver, mamma, &c.,) |xxx. 

4. Inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes 
(erysipelas, bronchitis, dysentery,) §xvj. 

II. HEALTHY TOLERANCE. 

This depends on the age, sex, strength, &c, and on 
the thickness of the parietes of the heart; and is 
about gxv. 

III. DIMINISHED TOLERANCE. 

1. Fevers and eruptive fevers, gxj — xiv. 

2. Delirium tremens and puerperal delirium, gx — xij . 

3. Laceration or concussion of the brain. Accidents 
before the establishment of inflammation. Intesti- 
nal irritation, gviij — x. 

4. Dyspepsia, chlorosis, ^viij. 

5. Cholera, # ^vj. 

The exhaustion from long-continued inflammation of- 
ten renders stimulants and tonics necessary; as 
also the depression arising from the influence of 
purulent or gangrenous matter. The effused pro- 
ducts ofinfi animation require evacuants, attenuants, 
alteratives, stimulants, friction, &c. 
21 



242 TAUTOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

Varieties of Inflammation. — The sthenic form requires 
of course all the antiphlogistic measures, but in the 
asthenic form, local blood-letting is better than ge- 
neral, which is illy borne. Antimony or mercury, 
and blisters, form the chief treatment. The diet, 
though light, should not be too spare. 

Erysipelatous inflammation is generally asthenic, and 
often requires stimulant and tonic agents. The lo- 
cal treatment consists of punctures nnd incisions ; 
cauterization by nitrate of silver; and mercurial 
(•iotment, which is supposed to modify the charac- 
ter of the poison. A solution of sulphate of iron in 
water, one ounce to a pint of water, applied to the 
part by moistened rags, acts like a charm. 

The aphthous inflammation of children is to be treat- 
ed by aperients, with a local application of borax, 
or a weak solution of su'phate of zinc. 

Scrofulous inflammation owes its peculiarity to a de- 
graded condition of the plasma, or nutritive mate- 
rial of the blood; and hence is most benefited by 
tonics, nourishing diet, &c. Cod-liver oil, iodide 
of potassium, &c, are medicines in repute. 

Rheumatic and gouty inflammation require means to 
eliminate the morbid matter from the system, as 
mercury and colchicum. Active antiphlogistic 
measures are often necessary, however, before 
these medicines will act. 

Gonorrhceal inflammation requires mild antiphlogistic 
and demulcent measures at first, and astringent in- 
jections and terebinthinate remedies afterwards. — 
Mercury is the chief specific in syphilis. 

C. STRUCTURAL DISEASE. 

Including increased nutrition (hypertrophy,) dimin- 
ished nutrition (atrophy,) and perverted nutrition, 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 243 

would open a field too extensive for a table like the 
present. It pertains, too, rather to the department 
of morbid anatomy than to pathology proper. (See 
A., Section IV.) 

MODES OF DEATH. 

1. Beginning at the heart. 1. Suddenly, (syncope.) 
This is instantaneous; the subject suddenly turn- 
ing pale, falling back, or dropping down, and ex- 
piring with one gasp. 

2. Gradually, (asthenia.) The symptoms are, — in- 
creasing weakness of body and mind, with perhaps 
no marked derangement in any particular function; 
increased frequency, and diminishing strength of 
the pulse: the face, lips, &c, becoming paler and 
paler, or of a peculiar sallowness; extremities be- 
come cold and oedematous; tongue often dry and 
brown, or furred, aud the mouth aphthous; excre- 
tions imperfectly voided at first, then the sphinc- 
ters lose their power, and the discharges are invo- 
luntary; general sinking. 

II. Beginning at the breathing apparatus (asphyxia 
or apnoea. ) Symptoms; increase 1 feeling of suffo- 
cation ; face, neck, &c, congested, and changing 
from red to purple, and from purple to livid; stu- 
por; reduction of temperature; weak and irregu- 
lar pu'se; rapid reduction of muscular strength. 

III. Beginning at the brain (coma.) Its symptoms 
are those of interrupted function of the brain, in- 
sensibility, and suspension of voluntary motion, 
the heart's action not being materially impaired. — 
The excito-motory system of the medulla is often 
affected, as well as the sensorial and voluntary 
functions: hence respiration is interrupted, con- 
vulsions sometimes ensue, and the sphincters are 
relaxed. 



241 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

IV. Beginning at the medulla (paralysis. ) This mode, 
like that of the last, is really by apnoea, but the ex- 
cito-motory function is the first to fail. Of course 
there can be no respiration when this ceases. 

V. Beginning with the blood (necraemia.) The symp- 
toms are typhoid, putrid, or malignant; a congested 
surface, the colour being dusky or livid ; exanthe- 
matous patches on the skin, or petechias; ecchymo- 
ses, or oozing of thin, bloody fluid from the gums, 
nostrils, &c. ; extreme prostration; obtuse senses 
and mental faculties; sometimes with delirium and 
twitching of the limbs; half-closed eyes and dilated 
pupils; frequent and unequal respiration; no ap- 
petite; intense thirst; a dry, brown tongue with 
dark sordes on the lips and teeth; progressive fall 
of temperature; cold, clammy, and fetid respira- 
tion; hiccough; subsultus tendinum; scanty, of- 
fensive urine; involuntary discharges. 



INDEX. 



A. 

Abbreviations, 10 

Abdominal Symp- 
toms, 214 

Absinthium, 20 

Acacia, 20 

Acetate of Copper, ... 56 

Acetate of Soda, 142 

Acetic Acid, 22 

Acetum, 20 

Acetum Colchici, 21 

'< Distillation, .... 21 

" Opii, 121 

Acetum Scillse 22 

Achillea Millefolium, 22 

Acids, 11,15,191 

Acidum Aceticum Di- 

lutum, 23 

Acidum Aceticum 

Aromaticum, 23 

Acidum Aceticum,... 22 
Acidum Arseniosum, 23 



Acid. Ey drochloricum 23 

" Citricum, 23 

" Gallicum, 28 

" Benzoicum, 21 

Acidum Muriaticum, 23 
Acidum Hydrochlori- 

cum Dilutum, 24 

Acidum Hydrocyani- 

cum Dilutum, 24 

Acidum Nitricum,... 25 
Acidum Nitricum Di- 
lutum, 25 

Acidum Nitro- Muria- 
ticum, 25 

Acidum Nitrosum,... 26 

" Sulphuricum, 26 

" Aromaticum,.. 26 
" Sulphuricum 

Dilutum, 27 

Acidum Tannicum,... 27 

" Tartaricum,.. 27 

Aconite, 28 



2i* 



246 



INDEX. 



Aconitina, 28 

Aconitum, 28 

-Ether Sulphuricus,.. 28 
AgrimoniaEupatoria, 28 

Agrimony, 28 

Alcohol, 14, 28 

Aletris, 29 

Alkalies, 11, 15,180 

Alkaloids, Vegetable, 19$ 

Allium, 29 

Almonds 32 

Alnus Rubra, ... 29 

Aloe, 30 

Alteration of Red Par- 
ticles, 213 

Alteration offibrin,... 286 

Althaea, 30 

Alum, 30 

Alum Root, 81 

Alumen Exsiccatum, 30 

Alumina, 183 

Amber 149 

American Centaury, 137 
A !:ierican Columbo,.. 76 

American Holly, 86 

.American Ipecac,..., 79 

American Poplar, 127 

.Ammoniacum v .. 31 

Ammonice Carbonas, 31 

" Hydrochloras, 31 

Arumoniae Phosphas, 32 

Ammoniated Copper, 57 

Ammoniated Iron, 73 

Amygdalae, 32 

Amylum, 32 

Anaemia, , 238 



Anethum, 32 

Angelica, 32 

jAngelica Tree, 35 

Angustura, 32 

Animal Charcoal, 43 

Anisum, 33 

Aniseed, 33 

Anthemis 33 

Antiarthritics, 16 

Anticonvulsives, 16 

Antilithics 16 

Antimonii Praecipita- 

tum, 34 

Antimonii et Potassae 

Tartras, 33 

Antimonii Sulphure- 

tum, 33 

Antimony, 12, 186 

Antiperiodics, . 16 

Antiphosphatics, 16 

Antiphlogistics, 16 

Antiscrofulitics, 16 

Antiscorbutics, 16 

Antisyphylitics, 16 

Antirrhinum Linaria, 34 

Antisquamics 16 

Apocynum Androsae- 

mifolium, 34 

Apocynum Cannabi- 

nnm, 34 

Aqua Acida Carbonici, 34 
; ' Amygdalae amara, 34 

" Camphora,.. 35 

" Cinnamoni, 35 

" Picis Liquidae,. 35 

Aquae Rosae, 170 



INDEX. 



247 



Aquilegia Vulgaris,.. 35 

Aralia Spinosa, 35 

Aralia Nudicaulis, ... 35 

Arctium Lappa, 35 

Argenti Cyanuretum, 36 

" lodidum, 36 

" Nitras, 36 

" Oxidum, 37 

Armoracia, 37 

Arnica, 37 

Aromatic Confection, 51 
Aromatic Vinegar,... 23 
Aromatic Sulphuric ' 

Acid, 26 

Arsenic, 12, 186 

Arsenious Acid, 23 

Asarum Canadense,.. 38 

Asclepias, 38 

Asparagus 38 

Asparagus Officinalis 38 
Aspect of patient,.... 210 

Assafoetida, 38 

Astringents, 18,180 

Attitude of patient,... 210 

Aurantii Cortex, 39 

Aurum, 79 

Auscultation of Chest, 219 

Heart,... 221 

Azedarach, 39 

B. 

Balm 109 

Balmony, 48 

Balsamum Peruvia- 
num, 39 



Balsamum Tolutanum, 39 
Baptisia Tinctoria, ... 39 

Barberry, 40 

Barosma, 41 

Baryta, 12,183 

Beaked Hazel, 55 

Bear's Whortleberry, 173 

Bebeeru, 39 

Belladonna, 39 

Benne, 142 

Benzoic Acid, 23 

Benzoin, 40 

Benzoinum Odorife- 

rum, 40, 186 

Berberis Vulgaris, ... 40 

Bethroot, 168 

Betula, 40 

Birch, 40 

Bismuth, 12, 186 

Bismuthi Trisnitras, 40 
Bitter Almond Water, 35 

" Subnitras, 40 

" Valerianas, 40 

Bitter Cucumber, 51 

Bittersweet, 63 

Black alder, 132 

Black Hellebore, 81 

Black Oxide of Mer- 
cury, 83 

BlackPepper, 127 

Black Snake-Root, ... 49 

Blessed Thistle, 45 

Blistering Fly, 42,46 

Blood Root 13^ 

Blue Cohosh, 97 



248 INDEX. 



Blue Flag, 95 

Boneset, 68 

Borate of Soda, 143 

Borax, , 143 

Broom Tops, 140 

Bromine, 40,183 

Bucbu, 41 

Buck Bean, 109 

Bugle Weed, 106 

Burdock, 97 

Burdock, 35 

Burning Bush, 68 



Capsicum, 43 

Carbo Animalis, 43 

Carbo-Ligni, 43 

Carbonate of Lime,... 41 

Carbonate of Soda,... 143 

Carbonate of Zinc,... 41 

Carbonic Acid Water, 34 

Cardamomum, ... 43 

Carrageen, 49 

Carrot 57 

Carthamus, 43 

Carum, 44 



Butterfly Weed, 38 Caraway 44 

Butter Nut, 95 Caryophyllus, 44 

Button Snake-root,... 97 Cascarilla, 44 

Cassia, 50 

C. Castanea, 50 

Castor, 50 

Calamina Prasparata, 41 Castoreum, 50 

Calamine, 41 Catalpa Cordifolia, ... 45 

Calamine Cerate, 46 Cataria, 45 

Calamus Aromaticus, 41 Catalytics, 16 

Calcii Chloridi, 41 Catnip, 45 

Calcis Carbonas Pra3- Cathartics, 18 

cipitatus, 41 Catawba Tree, 45 

Calendula Officinalis, 41 Catechu, 45 

Calomel, 82 Ceanothus America- 

Calver's Physic, 97 nus, 45 

Calx Chlorinata, 41 Celandine, 14i) 

Camphor, 41 Celastrus Scandens,.. 45 

Camphor Water, 35 Centaurea Benedicta, 45 

Camphora, 41 Cera Flava et Cera 

Canella, 42 Alba, 45 

Cantharis, 42 Cerate of Acetate of 

Cantharis Vittata,.... 43 Lead, 46 



INDEX. 



249 



Ceratum Calaminse,.. 46 
Cerate of Subacetate 

of Lead, . ... 46 

Cerate of Carbonate 

of Zinc 47 

Ceratum Cantharidis, 46 

" Cetacea, 46 

> «< Plumbi Sub- 

acetatis, 46 

Ceratum Resina3, 46 

" Resinge Com- 

positum, 47 

Ceratum Sabinae, 47 

" Saponis, ... 47 

" Simplex,... 47 

" ZinciCarb., 47 

CerevisieeFermentum, 47 

Cetaceum, 48 

Cetraria, 48 

Chalk Mixture, 110 

Chalybeates, 16 

Chamomile, 33 

Changes in blood by 

excretion, 238 

Character of the pulse, 222 

Charcoal, 43 

Chelone Glabra, 48 

Chenopodium, 48 

Chest Symptoms, 213 

Chicory 49 

Chimaphilla, 48 

Chinquapin, 50 

Chloride of calcium,.. 41 

Chloride of Lime, 41 

Chloroform, 48 

Chlorinated Lime, .... 41 



Chloride of Sodium, 144 

Cholagogues, 18 

Chondrus, 49 

Cichorium Intybus,.. 49 

Cimicifuga, ,.. 49 

Cinnabar, 84 

Cinnamon, 50 

Cinnamon Water, 35 

Cinchona, 49 

Citrate of Iron, 73 

Citrate of Iron and 

Quinia, 75 

Citric Acid, 23 

Cleavers 77 

Climbing staff-tree, ... 45 

Cloves, 44 

Cobweb, 50 

Coccus, 50 

Cochineal, 50 

Cochlearia Officinalis, 50 

Coffee 50 

Cohosh, 49 

Colchicum, ,.. 50 

Collinsonia, 50 

Collodium, 51 

Colocynthis, 51 

Colombo, 51 

Coltsfoot, 170 

Columbine, 35 

Comfrey, 149 

Compound LeadCerate, 46 
Compound Resin Ce- 
rate, 47 

Common Mallow, 107 

Compound Spirit of 

Ether, 145 



250 



INDEX. 



Comptonia Asplenifo- 

lia, 51 

Confectio Aromatica, 51 

" Aurantii,.... 52 

Confectio Opii,... 52, 121 

" of Orange,.. 52 

u Cassia, 52 

RosoeGallicse 52 

" of Roses,.... 52 

." Sennoe, 52 

Conium, 52 

Coutrayerva, 52 

Convallaria Multiflora, 54 
Convolvulus Pandu- 

ratus, 54 

Copaiba, 54 

Copper, 1 

Coptis 54 

Coriander, 54 

Coriandrum, 54 

Cornus florida, 54 

Corrosive Sublimate, 82 

Corydalis formosa,.... 54 

Corylus Eostrata, 55 

Cotton, 79 

Cotula, 55 

Cough, 218 

Counter-irritants, .... 15 

Cowhage, 113 

Crane's Bill, 78 

Creasote, 14,55 

Creasotum, 55 

Creta Praeparata, 55 

Crocus, 55 

Cubeba, 56 

Cucurbita Citrulus,... 56 



Cunilla Mariana, 56 

CupriAcetas, 56 

Cupri Sulphas, 56 

Cuprum Ammoniatum, 57 

Curcuma, 57 

Cusparia, 32 

Cyano Hydric Acid,.. 24 

Cyanuret of Silver,... 36 

Cydonium, 57 

Cypripedium, .. 57 

D. 

Dandelion, 156 

Daucus, 57 

Deadly Nightshade,.. 39 

Decoction Aloes Com. 57 

" Columba Comp. 58 

Decoctum Cetrarice, 58 

" Chimaphillae, . 58 

" Cinchonoe 59 

" Cornus Floridse, 59 

" Dulcamarae,... 59 

" Granati, 59 

" Hsematoxyli,.. 60 

" Hordei 60 

" Quercus, 60 

" Sarzae Comp., 60 

*' Senegae, 61 

Decoctum Scillse, 61 

" Taraxaci 61 

" Uvee Ursi, 61 

Decubitus of patient, 210 
Defect of albumen, ... 214 
Defect of fibrin, 213 






INDEX. 



251 



Defect of red parti- 
cles, 2S5 

Defective irritability, 227 

" tonicity, 227 

" sensibility, 228 

" voluntary 

motion, 228 

Defective reflex ac- 
tion, .. 229 

Defective secretion, ... 23 

Deliriants, 1 

Derangement of sen- 
sation, 215 

Derangement of vo- 
luntary motion, 216 

Derangements of re- 
flex system, 216 

Derangements of intel- 
lect, 217 

Derangements of res- 
piration, 217 

Derangements of Di- 
gestion, 223] 

Derangements of Uri- 
nary secretion, 225 

Derangements of per- 
spiration, 225 

Derangements of ani- 
mal heat 226 

DewberryRoot, 136 

Diaphoretics, 18 

Digitalis, 62 

Dill, 32 

Dilute Acetic Acid,... 23 
Dilute Sulphuric Acid, 27 



Dilute Hvdrochloric 

Acid, 24 

Dilute Hvdrocyanic 

Acid, 24 

Dilute Nitric Acid,... 25 

Dioscorea, 62 

Diosma, 41 

Diospyros, 62 

Distilled Vinegar, 21 

Dittany, 56 

'Diuretics, 19 

Dock Root, 136 

Dog Wood, , 54 

Dog's Bane 34 

Dog's Tooth Violet,... 67 

Domestic Measures, ... 6 

Dracontium, 62 

Dragon Root. 37 

Dulcamara, 63 

Dyer's Saffron, 43 

Dyspnoea, 194 



Earths 12 

Elaterium, ,. 63 

Elecampane, 93 

Eliminatives, 18 

Elixir of vitriol, 26 

Emetics, 15 

Emplastrum Ammo- 

niaci, 63 

Emplastrum Assafce- 

tidaa, 63 

Emplastrum Bella- 
donnas, 64 



252 



INDEX. 



Emplastrum Cantha- 
ridis 

Emplastrum Ferri, ... 

" Galbani 

Compositum, 

Emplastrum Hydrar- 

gjri 

Emplastrum Opii, 

Emplastrum Picis 

Burgundioe, 

Emplastrum Picis cum 

Canth 

Emplastrum Plumbi, 
Emplastrum Resinoe, 
Emplastrum Saponis, 

Epigoea Repens, , 

Ergota, 

Erigeron 



tifyDgium, 



Erythronium, 

Ethiops Mineral, 

Euonymus 

Eupatorium, 

Euphorbia 

Excessive irritability, 

" tonicity, 

" sensibility, 

" voluntary 

motion, 

Excessive reflex ac- 

ti..n, 

Excessive secretion,.. 
Excess of red particles 

Excess of fibrin, 

Excess of albumen, ... 
Expectorants, 



Expectoration, 219 

Extractum Aconiti, ... 63 
Extractum Aconiti Al- 

coholicum, 63 

Extract. Belladonnee, 69 
Extractum Cannabis 

Indict, 69 

Extractum Cinchona?, 69 
Extractum colchici 

aceticum, 69 

Extractum Colocyn- 

thidis comp., 69 

6(> Extractum Conii, 69 

66 Extractum cubebae 

66 fluidum, 70 

67 Extractum Gentianas, 70 
67 " Glycyrrhizaa, 70 
67 Extractum Haematox- 

67 yli, 70 

67 Extractum Hyoscy- 

84, ami, .70 

68 Extractum Jalapaa,... 71 

68! «* Juglandis, 71 

68 " Kramerire, 71 

227 " Nucis Vomicae, 71 
227| " Piperis fluidum, 71 
205 " Podophylli, .... 71 

" Quassias, 71 

228 " Rhei 72 

Ext. Rhei fluidum,... 72- 

229 " Sarsaparillse 

231 fluidum, 72 

235 Extractum Sarzee, .... 72 

236 Extractum Stramonii, 72 

237 " Taraxaci, 72 

18 






INDEX. 253 



Extrac. Sennee fluid um 72 
■' Spigelise et sen- 
nse fluidum, 72 

Extractum Valerianae 



Foxglove, 62 

Frasera, 76 

G. 



Fluidum, 73-Gallre, 77 

Galbanum, 77 

Gallicurn 77 

Gallic Acid, 23 

Galls, 77 



F. 

False Sarsaparilla, ... 35 
False unicorn, 80 



Farinaceous Medicin., 187lGambogia, 77 

Fel Bovinum, 73,'Garden Lettuce,.. 97 

Fennel 76 ! Garlic, 29 

Ferri Citras, 73 Gases, 12 

" ferrocyanuretum, 73Gaultheria, 77 

" lodinum 74Gelseminum, 78 

" Iodidi solution, ... 74Gentinn&3, 78 

" Lactas, 74|Geranium, 78 

" Oxidum hjdratum, 74 t German Chamomile,. 108 

" Fhosphas, 75 Geum 78 

*• Et potassse tartras, 75 Gillenia, 79 

*' Et quinias citras, 75 Ginger, 179 

" Ramenta, 75 Ginseng 122 

" Subcarbonas 76 Glauber's Salts, 144 

" Sulphas, 76 Glycerine, 79 

Ferrum, 73 Glycyrrhiza, 79 

kt ammoniatum, 73 Gnaphalium, 79 

Fever bush, 40, Gold, 79 

" root, 168 Gold Thread, 54 

Ficus, 76^Golden Rod, 144 

Figs, 76 Goose Grease, 77 

Figwort, 140|Gossypium, 79 

Filix, 76 Goulard's Cerate, 46 

Flaxseed, lOOjGranatum, 79 

Fleabane, 67 Guaiaci, 80 

Foeniculum, 76 Gum ammoniac, 31 

Fluid Extracts, 202 Gum Arabic, 20 

22 



254 



INDEX. 



H. 

Hamamelis, 80 

Haematics, 15 

Haematoxylum, 80 

Hardhack, 145 

Head symptoms, 211 

Heal All, 50 

Hedeoma, 80 

Helleborus, 81 

Helonias, 80 

Henbaae, 85 

Hepatica, 81 

Heracleum, 81 

Heuchera, 81 

Hoffman's Anodyne, 145 

Honey, 108 

Hops, 81 

Horse Radish, 37 

Horse Weed, 50 

Horsemint, 112 

Humulus, 81 

Hydrangea, . 82 

Hydrargyri Chloridum 

Corrosivum, 82 

Hydrargyri Chloridum 

Mite, 82 

Hydrargyri lodidum, 83 
Hydrargyri lodidum 

Rubrum, 83 

Hydrargyri Oxydum 

Nigrum, 

Hydrargyri Sulphur- 

etum Nigrum, 84 

Hydrargyri Sulphur- 

etum Rubrum, 84 



Hydrargyri Sulphas 

Flavus 84 

Hydrargyrum Ammo- 

niatum, 84 

Hydrargyrum cum 

Creta, 84 

Hydrargyrum cum 

Magnesia, 84 

Hydrargyrum Nitrico 

Oxydum, 85 

Hydrargyrum Oxy- 
dum Rubrum, 85 

Hydrastis 85 

Hydrochlorate of Am- 
monia, 31 

Hy oscy amus, 85 

Hyperemia, 239 

Hypericum. 85 

I. 

Iceland moss, 48 

Ichthyocolla, 86 

Ilex, 86 

Impatiens, 86 

Indian hemp, 34 

Indian physic, 79 

Indian turnip, 87 

Inebriants, 17 

Infusum Angusturse, 86 

" Anthemidis, 86 

" Armoracise, 87 

" Buchu, 87 

" Caryophylli, 88 

" Cascarilla, . 88 

" Catechu Comp., 88 

Infusum Columboe,... 87 



INDEX. 



255 



Inf. Cinchonae cum 

limonum, 89 

" Chinchonae, 88 

Infusum Digitalis,.... 89 

" Eupatorii, 89 

" Gentianae com.. 90 

14 Krameriae, 

« Lini, 90 

" Humuli, 90 

" Pruni Virgini,.. 90 

" Quassias, 90 

" Rhei, 91 

" Rosae Gallicum, 92 

" Sarsaparillae, ... 92 

" Senna, 92 

" Serpentariae, ... 93 

" Spigeliae, 93 

" Tabaci, 93 

" TJlni, 93 

" Valerianae, 93 

Infusions, 193 

Inorganic Products,... 180 

Inula, 93 

Iodide of iron, 74 

Iodide of mercury, ... 83 
Iodide of potassium,l2 ? 131 

Iodide of silver, 36 

Iodide of sulphur, .... 150 

Iodide of zinc, 178 

Iodo-hydrargyrate of 

potassium, 94 

Iodine, 12, 94 

Ipecacuanha, 94 

Iris, 95 

Irish moss, 49 

Iron filings, 75 



Iron, 12, 73 

Isinglass, 80 

J. 

Jalap, 95 

Juglans, 95 

Juniperus, , 95 

K. 

Kalmia latifolia, 96 

Kino, 96 

Kooso, 96 

Krameria, 98 

L. 

Lac Sulphuris, 149 

Lactate of iron, 74 

Lactuca Sativa, 97 

Lactuca, 97 

Lactucarium, 96 

Ladies' slipper, 57 

Lappa, 97 

Lavandula, 97 

Lavander flowers, .... 97 

Lead, 12 

Lemons, 97 

Leopard's bane, 37 

Leonticethalictrodes, 97 

Leptandra Virginica, 97 

Leptandria, 97 

Lettuce, 97 

Liatris, 97 

Liatris Spicata, 97 

Life everlasting, 81 

Lime, 12 



253 



INDEX. 



Limones, , 97 

Liinones Succus, 97 

Linimentum amnionice, 98 

Linimentum calcis,... 98 

" Camphors, 98 

Comp. 98 

" Cantharidis,.... 99 

" Hydrar. Comp. 99 

Opii, 99 

" Saponis Comp. 99 

" Tabaci, 99 

" Terebinthinac,.. 99 

Linum, 100 

Liquor Aluminis 

Compositus, 100 

Liquor Ammonioe, .... 100 

" Acetatis, 100 
" Arsenici et 

Hydrargyri iodidi, 101 

Liquor Barii Chloridi, 101 

" Calcis, 101 

" Calci chloridi,.. 102 

" Iodini compos. 102 
'/ Labarraquii 

chloro-sodicus, 102 

Liquor magnesias ci- 

tratris, 103 

Liquor morphias ace- 
tatis, 103 

Liquor morphias sul- 

phatis, 103 

Liquor plumbi suba- 

cetas, : 103 

Liquor potassas, 104 

Liquor potassce arse- 

nitis, ,. 104 



Liquor potasses car- 

bonatis, 105 

Liquor potassos citra- 

tis, 105 

Liquor sodas chlori- 
nate, 105 

Liquorice 81 

Liriodeudron, 106 

Liverwort, 81 

Lobelia, 106 

Local Anaesthetics, ... 15 

Logwood, 80 

Long pepper, 127 

Lycopus, 106 

M. 

Mace, 113 

Magnesia, 106 

Magnesias carbonas, . 106 
" Sulphas,... 107 

Magnolia, 107 

Male fern, 76 

Malva, 107 

Manganesii oxidum,.. 107 

Manna, 107 

Maranta 107 

Marigold, 41 

Marrubiuni, 108 

Marsh rosemary, 148 

Masterwort, 81 

Mastiche, 108 

Materia medica,... 15, 180 

Matico, 108 

Matricaria, 108 

Mayweed, 55 

Mel,... 108 



INDEX. 



257 



Mel despumatum, 

Melrosae, 

Melissa, 

Mentha piperita, 

Mentha viridis, 

Menyanthes, 

Mercury, 

Mercury with chalk, 
" with magnesia, 

Mezereum, 

Mezereumbark, 

Milfoil, 

Mistura ammoniaci, .. 
Mistura amygdalae, ... 
Mistura assafoetidae, .. 

Mistura cretae, 

Mistura ferri compo. 
" Glycyrrhizse,. 

Composita, 

Monarda, 

Morphia, 112, 

Morphiae acetas, 

" Murias, ..... 

" Sulphas, 

Morphiae acetas, 

" Murias, 

" Sulphas, ... 

Moschus, 

Mountain laurel, 

Mucilago acaciae, 

Mucilago tragacanthae 

Mucuna, 

Mullein, 

Murias ammoniae, 

Musk, 

Mustardseed, 



108 
108 
109 
109 
109 
109 
12 
87 
88 
109 
109 
22 
110 
110 
110 
111 
111 
111 
111 
112 
120 
112 
112 
112 



Myristica, 113 

Myrrha, 113 

N 

Naphtha, 113 

Narcotics, 17 

Neck symptoms, 211 

Neurotics, 16 

New Jerseytea, 45 

Nitric Acid, 25 

Nitrous Acid, 26 

Nitrate of silver, 36 

Nitric oxide of mer- 
cury, 85 

Nitro muriatic acid, .. 25 

Nutmegs, 113 

Nux Vomica, 114 

O 

Oil of Horsemint, 116 

Oil of Wormseed, 115 

" Onion, 120 

" Opium, 120 

" Origanum, 122 



121 Oleum Amygdalae, ... 114 

121 « Anisi, 114 

121 " ^Ethereum, 114 

112 " Cajuputi, 114 

96 " Carui, 115 

112 " Caryophylli, ... 115 

113 " Chenopodii, 315 

113 " Cinnamomi, 115 

175 " Copaibae 115 

31 " Cubeba 115 

112 " Fceniculi, 115 

142 " Gaultheriae, .... 115 
22^ 



258 



INDEX. 



Oleum Hedeomas, 115 

" Juniperi, 116 

" Lavendulre, 116 

" Lini, 116 

' ' Menthce piperit. ,116 
" Menthse viridis, 116 

4i Monardre, 116 

" Morrhuse, 116 

" Myristicse, 117 

" Olivie, ... 117 

" Origani, 117 

" Pimentae, ,. 117 

" Ricini,, 117 

" Ptosmarini, 118 

" Sabinoe, 118 

" Sassafras, 118 

" Succini 118 

" ■< Oxidum, 119 

" Terebintkinse, .119 

" Tiglii, 119 

" Valeriana, 120 

Opium, 14 

Opium confection, 52 

Orange peel, 39 

Orobancbe Virginiana,122 

Orris, 95 

Oxide of zinc, 178 

Oxide of silver, 37 

Ox Gall, 73 

Oxyniel Scillre, 122 

Oyster shells, 156 

P 

Pain as symptom, 219 

Panax, 122 

Papaver, 122 



Pareira, 122 

Parthenium, 134 

Partridge berry 77 

Pathology and Thera- 
peutics, 227 

Pennyroyal, 80 

Peppermint 109 

Percussion of chest, .. 196 

Persimmon, 62 

Petroselinum, 123 

Petroleum, 113 

Perverted sensibility, 228 
Perverted voluntary 

motion, 229 

Perverted secretion, . 234 

Peruvian balsam, 39 

Peruvian bark, 49 

Pharmaceutical ar- 
rangements, 180 

Phosphas sodse....l23,143 
Phosphate of ammonia, 32 
Phosphate of iron, ... 75 

Phosphorus, 12 

Physiognomical rugae, 211 
Physiological symp, .. 215 

Phytolacca, 123 

Pilewort, 140 

Pills, 206 

Pilulse aloes, 123 

" " comp 123 

" " cum zingiber, 
123 

Pilulce Copaibse, 125 

" Calomelanos et 

Opii, 121, 124 

" Assafoetidse, ... 124 



INDEX. 



259 



Pilulee Opii assafoetida, 

124 
" u etmyrrha, 124 

" " ferri, 124j 

"Cathartics comp. 125 
" Digitalis et scillse, 

125 
Pilulse ferri carbonatis, 

125 
" " compos. 125 

u " iodidi, ... 125 
Pilulse Hydrargyri 

chloridi mitis, 125 

Pilule ferri sulphatis, 125 
" G-albanicomp, ... 126 

" Hydrargyri, 126 

" Quinine Sulphatis, 

126 
" Rhei composite, 126 

" Opii, 121 

" Saponis, 127 

" " comp, 121 

" Scillse, 127 

Pimenta, 127 

Pinkroot, 145 

Piper Longum, 127 

Piper Nigrum, 127 

Pipsissewa, 48 

Pitch, 127 

Pix, 127 

Pix Burgundica, 127 

Pix Canadensis, 128 

Pixliquida, 128 

Plantago major,. ...... 128 

Pleurisy root, 38 



Plumbi acetas, 128 

Plutnbi carbonas, 128 

Podophyllum peltatum, 

128 
Poisons and antidotes, 11 

Polygalarubella, 129 

Pomegranate, 79 

Populus tremuloides, 129 

Potassa, 129 

Potass&Tartras, 131 

Potassee Acetas, 129 

" Bicarbonas, 129 

" Bitartras, 129 

" Carbonas, 130 

" Chloras, 130 

" Nitras, 130 

" Sulphas, 131 

Potassii Bromidum,... 131 
" Ferrocyanuretum, 
131 

" Iodidum, 131 

" Sulphuretum, .. 132 

Potato fly, 43 

Precipitated carbonate 

of zinc, , 178 

Precipitated sulphur, 149 

Prenantbes, 132 

Prepared calamine, .. 41 

Prepared chalk 55 

Preparations of Earths, 

182 

Prickly ash, 35, 177 

Primary elements of 

diseases, 227 

Prinos, 132 



260 



INDEX. 



Properties of muscu- 
lar fibre, 227 

Prussian blue, 73 

Prunum, 132 

Prunus Virginiante,,. 132 

Prussic Acid, 24 

Pulvis aloes cum ca- 

nella 133 

Pulvis aromaticus, ... 138 
Pulvis Ipeca. et Opii, 

121, 133 

Pulvis Jalapae comp, . 133 

Pulvis rhei compos, .. 133 

Pulvis Scillre, 134 

Pyrethrum, 134 

Q 

Quassia, 134, 165 

Queen's root, 148 

Quercus, 134 

Quince, 57 

Quinia, 135 

Quinini murias, 134 

" sulphas, 135 

" valerianas, ... 135 

R 

Raisins, 171 

Ranunculus, 135 

Red Saunders wood,. 139 

Red cloves, 168 

Red cedar, 96 

Red precipitate, 85 

Red oxide of mercury, 85 
Red iodide of mer- 
cury, 83 



Resins, 189 

Resina, 135 

Resin cerate, 46 

Respiratory changes 

in blood, 215 

Restoratives, 15 

Rhamni, 135 

Rhatany, 96 

Rhei, 165 

Rheum, 135 

Rhubarb wine, 176 

Rhus glabrum, 136 

Rice, 181 

Rochelle salt, 143 

Root of madder, 136 

Rosa, 136 

Rose honey, 108 

Rose petals, 136 

Rosemary, 136 

Rosmarinus, 136 

Rubia, 136 

Rubus trivialis villo- 

sus, 136 

Rules to proportion 

the doses, 7 

Rumex, 136 

Ruta, 136 

S 

Sabadilla, 137 

Sabbatia, 137 

Sabina, 137 

Saccharum, 137 

Saccharum lactis, .... 137 

Saffron, 55 

Sagapenum, 137 



INDEX. 



261 



Sage 188' 

Sago, 182| 

Sago, 138 

Sal ammoniac, 31 

Salicina, 138 

Salix Cortex, 138 

Salvia, 138 

Sambucus, • 138 

Sanguinaria, 139 

Santalum, 139 

Santonin, 139 

Sapo, 139' 

Sarsaparilla, 139 

Sassafras, ... 139 

Savine cerate, 47 

Savine leaves, 137 

Scammony, 140 

Scammonium, 140 

Sciila, 140 

Scoparius, 140 

Scrophularia nodosa, 140 
Scutellaria laterifolia, 140 

Scurvy grass, 50 

Secondary elements of 

disease, 215 

Sedatives, 17 

Senecio aurens, 141 

Senega, 141 

Senega root, 14.1 

Senna leaves, 141 

Sennee folia....... 141 

Serpentariae radix,... 141 

Sesamum, 142 

Sesquicarbonate of 

Soda, 143 



Sesquicarbonate of 

ammonia, 31 

Sevum, 142 

Sialagogues, 18 

Silk weed, 38 

Silver, 12 

Simaruba,, 142 

Simple cerate, 47 

Sinapis, 142 

Skunk cabbage, 62 

r Snake root, 141 

Soap, 134 

Soap cerate, 79 

Sodse Acetas, 142 

" Bicarbonas, 143 

Sodse Boras. 143 

" Carbonas, 143 

4 < Et potassse tar- 

tras, 143 

Sodse Phosphas, 143 

" Sulphas, 144 

Sodii Chloridum, 144 

Solidago, 144 

iSolomon's seal, 54 

Solutio acetatis zinci, 144 
Solution of acetate of 

zinc, 144 

Solution of tartarized 

antimony, 144 

Solvents, 16 

Soporifics, 17 

Spearmint 109 

Spanish white wine or 

sherry, 176 

Spermaceti, 48 

Spice-bush, 40 



262 



INDEX. 



Spider'sweb, 50 

Spigelia, 145 

Spiraea, 145 

Spirit of nitric ether, 145 
Spiritus aetheris ni- 

trici, 145 

Spiritus aetheris sul- 

phuricicompositus, 145 
Spiritus Ammonite... 145 
" Ammoniae 

aromaticus, 146 

Spiritus Ammoniae 

foetidus, 146 

Spiritus camphoratus, 146 
Spiritus juniperi com- 

positus, 146 

Spiritus menthae pu- 

legii, 147 

Spiritus menthae yiri- 

dis, 147 

Spiritus tenuior, 28 

Spiritus myristicae,... 147 

" Pimentse, 147 

M Pyroxilicus,.. 147 
(i Rosmarina, ..147 
" Vini gallici,.. 147 

Spongia, 147 

Spongiae ustae, 148 

Spurge, 68 

Spurred rye, 67 

Squill, 140 

Stanni pulvis, 148 

Starch, 32 

Star-grass, 29 

Starwort, 80 

Statice, 148 



Stillingia, 148 

Stimulants, 16 

Storax, 149 

Stramonium, 148 

Strychnia, 148 

Strychnos Nux vomi- 
ca, 149 

Strychnos ignatia,.... 149 

Styrax, 149 

St. Johnswort, 85 

Sublimed Sulphur, ... 149 

Succinum, 149 

Suet, 142 

Sugar, 137 

Sulphate of bebeerin, 39 
Sulphate of copper,... 56 

Sulphate of soda, 144 

Sulphate of zinc, 178 

Sulphuric acid, 26 

Sulphuric ether, 28 

Sulphate of iron, 76 

Sulphur Praecipita- 

tum,...- 149 

Sulphur Sublimatum, 149 
Sulphuris iodidum,... 150 

Sumach, 136, 168 

Sweet fern, 5^ 

Sweet flag, 41 

Sweet spirits of nitre, 145 

Symphytum, 150 

Symptomatology, 210 

Symptoms of genital 

organs, 214 

Symptoms of extremi- 
ties, 215 

Syrupus Simplex, 150 



INDEX. 



263 



Syrupus Acaciae, 151 

44 Aceti, 151 

" Aim, 151 

" Amygdalae, .. 151 
44 Aurantii, .... 152 
" Ipecacu- 
anhas, 152 

Syrupus Krameriae,.. 152 

44 Limonum,.. 152 

Rhei, 152 

" Rhei arcina- 

ticus, 153 

Syrupus Sarsaparillas 

Compositus, 153 

Syrupus Sennaa, 153 

44 Pruni Virgi- 

nianas, 154 

Syrupus Scillae, 154 

Syrupus Scillae Com- 
positus 154 

Syrupus Senegae, .. .. 154 

44 Tolutanus,. 154 

" Zingiberis,. 155 

T. 

Tabacum, 155 

Tag alder, 29 

Tamarind water, 186 

Tamarindus, 155 

Tanacetum, 155 

Tannic acid, 27 

Tansy 155 

Tapioca,. 156 

Tar, 128 

Tar water, 35 

TartarEmetic, 33 



Tartaric acid, 27 

Tartrate of iron and 

potassa, 75 

Taraxacum, 156 

Testae, 156 

Thoroughwort, 68 

Throat symptoms,.... 213 

Tin, 12, 148 

Tinctura Aconiti foli- 

orum, 156 

Tinctura Aconiti rad- 

icis, 156 

Tinctura Aloes, 156 

44 Aloes et Myrrhae 157 

Tincturae Arnicae 157 

44 Assafoetida,.. 157 
44 Belladonnae,. 157 
44 Benzoini 

Compositae, 157 

Tinctura Buchu, 157 

44 Camphorae, 158 
44 Cannabis in- 

dicae, 158 

Tinctura Cantharidis, 158 

44 Capsici, 158 

44 Cardamomi, 159 
44 Cardamomi, 

composita, 159 

Tinctura Castorei,.... 159 
Tinctura Catechu,.... 159 
44 Cinchonas 

Composita, 159 

Tinctura Cinchonae,.. 159 
Tinctura Cinnamomi, 160 
44 Cinnamomi 
composita, 160 



264 



INDEX. 



Tinctura Colchici...... 

" Colchici 

composite, 

Tinctura Columbo,.. 

ik Co nil, 

" Cubebco, 

" Digitalis,... 
" Ferri chlori- 

di, 

Tinctura Gallse, 

" Gallce Aro- 

raaticus, .. 

Tinctura Gentianre 

composita? 

Tinctura Guaiaci, 

" Guaiaci am- 

rnoniata, 

Tinctura Hellebori,.. 

" Humuli, 

Tinctura Todinii, 

" Iodinii com- 

posita, 

Tinctura Jalapse, 

Kino, 

" Lobelioe, .... 
" Myrrhoe, .... 
" Olei Mentha? 

Piperita?, 

Tinctura Opii, ...122, 

'« Opii Acetata, 122, 

Tinctura Opii cam- 

phorata, 122, 

Tinctura Rhei et Al- 
oes, 

Tinctura Rhei et gen- 
tianse, 



160 Tinctura Rhei et sen- 
na?, 166 

160 Tinctura Sanguina- 

160 rite, 166 

161 Tinctura Saponis cam- 

161 phorata, 166 

161 Tinctura Scillre, 166 

' Semite et ja- 

161 lapa?, 166 

162 Tinctura Serpentaria?, 166 
Tinctura Stramonii,. 3 67 

162 Tinctura Tolutani,... 167 
Tinctura Valeriana,.. 167 

162 Tinctura Valeriana; 

162 ammoniati, 167 

Tinctura Zingiberis,. 167 

162 Toadflax, 34 

163 Tonics and astrin- 

163 gents,... 180 

163 Tobacco, 155 

Tolu balsam, 39 

163,Tonics, 16 

164|Tonicity, 227 

164jToothachetree, 35 



164 
164 

164 
164 
165 

165 

165 

166 



Tormentilla, 168 

Touch me not, 86 

Toxicodendron, 168 

Tragacantha, 168 

Trailing Arbutus, 67 

Trifolium, 168 

Trillium, 168 

Triosteum, 168 

Trisnitrate of bismuth, 40 
Trochisci Glycyrrhi- 

zseetopii, 122, 169 

Trochisci Acacise, 169 



INDEX. 



265 



Trochisci Cretas, 169 

" Ipecacuan- 
has, 169 

Trochisci Magnesias, . 169 
" Mentha pi- 
perita, 169 

Trochisci Morphias et 

ipecacuanhas, 170 

Tulip tree bark, 106 

Turkey corn, 54 

Turmeric, 57 

Turnei 's cerate, 47 

Turp eth mineral, 84 

Tussilago, 170 

U 

Ulmus, 170 

Unguentum antimonii,170 

Unguentum aquas 

rosas, 170 

Unguentum canthari- 
dis, 171 

Unguentum Belladon- 
nas, 171 

Unguentum creasoti, . 171 
" Cupri sub- 
acetis, 171 

Unguentum gallas, ... 171 
" Hydrargyri, . 171 

Unguentum Hydrar- 
gyri nitratis, 171 

Unguentum Hydrar- 
gyri oxidi rubri, ... 171 

Unguentum iodinii, ... 172 

Unguentum iodinii 

compositum, 172 



Unguentum Mezerei,. 172 
" Picis li- 
quids, 172 

Unguentum Plumbi 

carbonatis, 172 

Unguentum Plumbi 

simplex, 172 

Unguentum stramo- 
nii, 172 

Unguentum sulphu- 
ris, 173 

Unguentum sulphu- 
ris compositum, 173 

Unguentum iodidi,.... 173 
" veratii,... 173 
" zinci, 173 

Uva Passa, 173 

Uva Ursi, 173 

V. 

Valeriana, 174 

Valerian root, 174 

Valerianate of Bis- 
muth, 40 

Vegetable Alkaloids, 192 

Verbascum thapsus,.. 175 

Verbena officinalis,... 175 

Veratria, 174 

Veratrum album, 174 

Veratrum viride, 174 

Vervain, 175 

Vinegar of opium, ... 21 

Vinegar, 20 

Vinegar of Meadow- 
saffron, 21 

Vinegar of squill, .... 22 



266 



INDEX. 



Vinum aloes, 175 

Vinum antimonii, 175 

Vinum colchici radi- 

cis, 176 

Vinum ergota, 176 

Vinum ipecacuanha, 176 

Vinum rhei, 176 

Vinum xericum, 177 

Vinum Opii, 122, 176 

Violet, 175 

Viola, 175 

Volume of body, 211 

W. 

Wahoo, 68 

Water pepper, 129 

Water avens, 78 

Watermelon, 5'» 

Wax, 45 

Weights and measures, 5 

White horehound, 108 

White poppy, 122 

" hellebore 174 

White precipitate, .... 84 

.Wild chamomile, 55 

Wild cucumber, 63 

Wild ginger, 38 

Wild indigo, 39 

Wild y am^_ 56 

" potato, :v v ... 52 

Wiue of aloes,, 174 




Wine of ergot, 176 

" ipecac, 176 

" opium, 176 

Winter's bark, 177 

Wintera, 177 

Witch hazel, 80 

Wormseed, 48 

Wormwood, 20 

Woody nightshade, ... 63 

X. 

Xanthorrhiza, 177 

Xanthoxylum, 177 

y. 

Yarrow, 22 

Yeast, 47 

Yellow root, 85, 177 

Yellow Jessamine, ... 78 

Z. 

Zinci carbonas prse- 

cipitatus, 178 

Zinc, 12 

Zinci chloridum, 178 

Zinci acetas, 178 

iodidum, 178 

oxydum, 178 

sulphas, 178 

Zingiber, 179 



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